竹笋壳为生物膜载体的废水处理技术研究

采用室内实验装置,研究了以农业废弃物竹笋壳为反硝化碳源和生物膜载体的生物反应器对于污水中硝酸盐的去除效果,并另设以聚丙烯惰性填料球为生物膜载体的生物反应器作为对照实验。实验结果表明,以天然竹笋壳作为反硝化碳源和生物膜载体的反应器启动时间短,对污水中硝酸盐氮的去除效果较好;装置对进水DO和pH值变化有一定抗性,DO在2.0~4.0mg/L,pH值在6.8~7.2之间变化时,反应器硝酸盐的去除率变化很小,缓冲能力较强;反应器稳定性强,出水硝酸盐的去除率在80%以上。     

一株纤维素分解菌利用枳实废渣产酶条件的研究

以枳实废渣为碳源,对产纤维素酶G2菌进行固体发酵,通过测定FPA、CMC、C1酶活的大小,对其产酶条件进行优化研究.结果表明产酶最适条件为:枳实在发酵前需进行酸处理;氮源为硫酸铵;含水率为70%;初始pH为5～6;发酵周期为6天.在以上最适条件下,G2菌酶活力为FPA:31.8 IU/ml,CMC:11.86 IU/ml,C1:15.79 IU/ml.     

变频式微电脑水处理器在油田污水防垢杀菌中的技术应用

对江苏油田王龙庄污水处理站结垢机理及影响因素进行了分析研究,找出了目前防垢杀菌措施存在的不足。在此基础上,对引进变频式微电脑水处理器的先导性试验结果进行了分析。监测结果表明,其阻垢率达到83.3%以上。该处理器不仅具有很好的防垢、除垢功能,还具有很好的杀菌作用。处理后的污水中固体含量、颗粒总数、含油量、TGB、铁细菌等均有较大幅度的下降,同时还大幅度减少了药剂成本、维修费用等,投入产出比为1∶7,取得了较好的经济效益。     

几种有开发价值的虫草菌(二)

虫草菌丝 :大量的研究表明 ,利用深层发酵生产的虫草菌菌丝与天然冬虫夏草具有相似的化学成分、药理作用和临床疗效 ,而毒性比天然者小 ,为用菌丝代替冬虫夏草提供了科学依据。目前 ,浙江、湖南几个厂家利用菌丝开发的金水宝胶囊、宁心宝胶囊等药物 ,经销国内外 ,深受人们喜爱。纯草 :纯草是指冬虫夏草的“草” ,即子实体或子座。据研究 ,纯草与冬虫夏草药理作用相同 ,药效成分虫草素、虫草多糖、甾醇等含量优于天然虫草 ,毒性小。目前培育纯草有多种配方 :一种是含蛋白胨的固体培养基 ,采用瓶栽培养 ,接种虫草菌后 ,培育 6个月 ,便可长出子…     

不同碳氮源对双孢蘑菇2796深层发酵的影响

碳源和氮源是食用菌生长发育过程中不可缺少的营养物质.通过单因子试验研究了液体培养中4种碳源和4种氮源对双孢菇菌丝体生物量、胞内多糖、胞外蛋白、酶活性的影响.结果表明,对菌丝生物量而言,可溶性淀粉是最适的碳源,玉米粉是最适的氮源;对产胞外蛋白而言,葡萄糖是最适的碳源,蛋白胨是最适的氮源;对产过氧化物酶、淀粉酶和多酚氧化酶而言,蔗糖是最适的碳源,酵母粉是最适的氮源.该试验为进一步研究双孢蘑菇的营养生理奠定了基础,为生产上选择优良的母种培养基及开发利用双孢蘑菇深层培养生产代谢产物资源提供了科学依据.     

市政污泥亚临界湿式氧化原位低碳处置技术

文章提出了一种基于亚临界湿式氧化处置市政污泥的原位低碳技术。该技术可在污水处理厂内直接对剩余污泥进行减量与资源化利用，省去了污泥脱水、干化、外运、储存、焚烧外加助燃料的处置过程，大幅减少了碳排放。同时，该技术可以将污泥中有机质转化为可利用的碳源，回用于污水处理过程，可以将氮、磷从污泥中回收后作为肥料利用，从污泥中分离出固体残渣作为土壤改良剂使用，具有工艺流程短、占地面积小、无需后续处置过程和污泥资源化价值高的优势，是在“双碳”目标下的一种具有竞争力的市政污泥处置新方式，具有广阔的应用前景和良好的可持续发展潜力。     

污泥高固体厌氧消化研究进展

厌氧消化是实现污泥的减量化、稳定化和资源化的重要手段,相对于传统的低浓度污泥厌氧消化工艺高固体污泥厌氧消化可以直接利用污水处理厂排放的脱水污泥,具有设施体积小、单位容积产气率较高和水耗及能耗较低等优势。本文综述了近年来污泥高固体消化的研究进展,从污泥高固体厌氧消化的基本特征出发,总结了污泥高固体厌氧消化的影响因素和对反应器的要求;同时对污泥高固体消化存在的搅拌不匀、传质传热困难、有机质降解率偏低、搅拌系统不成熟等问题作了简要分析,这些问题都还有待于深入研究解决。     

天然硅藻土作为吸附材料处理渗滤液的效果研究

利用天然硅藻土在静态条件下对垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮和COD的吸附效果进行了研究。结果表明：天然硅藻土对于氨氮的去除效率只有14．1％;但对COD的去除效率可以达到70．1％;天然硅藻土对于COD的饱和吸附量和吸附速度明显高于其对氨氮的饱和吸附量及吸附速度;在平衡浓度相当高的情况下,每克硅藻土具有吸附65．31mg COD的极限潜力。     

基于生产过程的炼化企业碳源识别

参照国际标准,企业传统碳源划分为直接排放源、间接排放源和其他排放源,难以体现炼化企业碳排放多渠道、多元化的特征。结合炼化企业生产特点,从污染物全过程控制角度将碳源再划分为原材料及能源输入、产品生产、污水处理3个环节,提出原材料及能源输入低碳化,实现碳排放源的源头控制;产品生产环节低碳化,实现碳排放的过程控制;污水处理环节低碳化,实现碳排放的末端控制。基于生产过程的炼化企业碳源识别,以期协调解决能源生产和碳排放冲突的矛盾,为炼化企业开展节能减排提供依据。     

天然水和污水中的硒的催化极谱法测定

在 NH_4Cl～NH_4OH 缓冲溶液中用 ED-TA 掩蔽金属离子,利用 So_2—So_2—KIO_3的催化波测定天然水中痕迹量硒。试样必须用硫酸～高氯酸低温消解,如遇污水要反复消解至无色为止。缓冲液用优级纯浓氢氧化铵和固体氯化铵配制不必加水稀释。方法灵敏度为1×15~(-5)微克/毫升。只需10毫升原样即可测至0.01PPb。变动系数最高是25%.天然水中硒硒含量在0.0X～0.XPPb.用化学法测定手续繁琐。近年来用极谱催化法测定硒时有报道,在此基础上仅就硒分析中的 pH 条件,试剂加入量,共存离子的影响,以及在污水中的应用作了探讨,结果如下:     

CAST分段进水强化脱氮工艺特性研究

CAST分段进水强化脱氮工艺技术采用优化运行时序、调整充水比等方法,在污废水处理中利用原水中的有机物作为反硝化碳源,具有较好的脱氮性能,在节省外加碳源投加量的基础上,不仅保持了传统CAST工艺的优点,强化了脱氮效果,并且在系统启动时间、抗冲击能力、污泥负荷承担能力和节能降耗方面也均优于水厂传统的CAST系统,值得大范围推广应用。     

Effects of flooding and drought on water quality in Gulf Coastal Plain streams in Georgia

Since 1994, water-quality constituents have been measured monthly in three adjacent Coastal Plain watersheds in southwestern Georgia. During 1994, rainfall was 650 mm above annual average and the highest flows on record were observed. From November 1998 through November 2000, 19 months had below average rainfall. Lowest flows on record were observed during the summer of 2000. The watersheds are human-dominated with row-crop agriculture and managed forestlands being the major land uses. However, one watershed (Chickasawhatchee Creek) had 10 to 13% less agriculture and greater wetland area, especially along the stream. Suspended particles, dissolved organic carbon, NH4-N, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations were greater during wet and flood periods compared with dry and drought periods for each stream. Regional hydrologic conditions had little effect on NO3-N or dissolved inorganic carbon. Chickasawhatchee Creek had significantly lower suspended sediment and NO3-N concentrations and greater organic and inorganic carbon concentrations, reflecting greater wetland area and stronger connection to a regional aquifer system. Even though substantial human land use occurred within all watersheds, water quality was generally good and can be attributed to low stream drainage density and relatively intact floodplain forests. Low drainage density minimizes surface run-off into streams. Floodplain forests reduce nonpoint-source pollutants through biological and physical absorption. In addition to preserving water quality, floodplain forests provide important ecological functions through the export of nutrients and organic carbon to streams. Extreme low flows may be disruptive to aquatic life due to both the lack of water and to the scarcity of biologically important materials originating from floodplain forests.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定大气中的苯系物

大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定大气中的苯系物，采用活性炭吸附，二硫化碳解析，30m×0．53mm×0．88μmHP-1型大口径毛细管分离测定，苯的最低检出限为0．18ng。该方法分离效果好，灵敏度高，是测定大气中苯系物的理想方法。     

Magnetic composite prepared from palm shell-based carbon and application for recovery of residual oil from POME

Magnetic separation combined with adsorption by activated carbon has been found to be a useful method for removing pollutants. In this paper, the use of palm shell as a source of activated carbon for the removal and recovery of oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) is studied. In the first part of the study, the properties of samples of activated carbon prepared from palm shell under a variety of different conditions were characterized for their hydrophobicity, surface areas and pore size distribution. The most effective of the activated carbon samples was prepared by impregnation with ZnCl(2) followed by combined physical/chemical activation under carbon dioxide flow at 800 °C. Four grams of these samples adsorbed 90% of the oil from 50 mL POME. In the second part, the palm shell-based carbon samples were given magnetic properties by the technique of iron oxide deposition. Ninety-four percent of the activated carbon/iron oxide composite containing the adsorbed oil could be extracted from the POME by a magnetic bar of 0.15 T. Four grams of the composite can remove 85% of oil from 50 mL POME and a total of 67% of the initial oil can then be recovered by hexane extraction. Powder X-ray diffractometry showed the presence of magnetite and maghemite in the activated carbon/iron oxide composite.     

乌鲁木齐黑碳气溶胶浓度时间变化特征及影响因素分析

利用乌鲁木齐市环境空气超级站中MAAP-5012型黑碳仪对乌鲁木齐市黑碳气溶胶进行连续一年的监测,并结合乌鲁木齐环境空气质量城市站小时数据和日数据及气象数据对黑碳气溶胶变化情况进行综合分析.结果 表明:2019年6月至2020年5月乌鲁木齐黑碳气溶胶浓度日均值为1 506(±1 096) ng/m3,本底值为575 n...     

表面活性剂促进污泥产酸及用于生物除磷的研究进展

表面活性剂可以提高污泥发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸的产量。经过污泥水解发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸,既能作为生物除磷系统所需的优质碳源,使城市污水达到稳定深度除磷的要求,又减少了剩余污泥对环境的污染。将城市污水厂污泥生物转化为挥发性有机酸并用于生物除磷,丰富了污水生物处理和污泥处理与资源化等研究内容。     

秦皇岛市商业低碳化研究

2001—2010年秦皇岛市商业行业碳排放量分析结果显示,秦皇岛商业行业碳排放不论从总量还是排放强度均呈现增加趋势。通过剖析商业低碳化的制约因素,对秦皇岛市商业低碳化发展提出了相关建议：商业企业应积极进行内部治理,控制商业建筑的碳排放并合理选择供应商;发挥政府的主导作用,为低碳商业的发展提供良好的外部环境;合理规划商业产业与商业网点布局,积极引导、促进商业领域低碳技术的使用和发展;建立低碳商业发展专项资金,为中小型商业企业提供资金支持;加强对低碳消费的引导力度。     

改造碳黑废水处理设施使废水循环使用

介绍碳黑废水处理工艺流程的技术改造及其技术要点。着重阐述了关键设备斜管沉淀池的运行原理、运行结果及其在整个流程改造过程中所起的作用。改造后的工艺流程特点是斜管沉淀效率高，出水水质好，副产品碳黑质优销路好，劳动强度低，废水可循环使用，设备占地少，运行费用低，总体效益好。改造后实现了全厂生产用水闭路循环，取得了可观的经济、环境、社会效益。废水循环利用在技术上是可行的，经济上有收益，实现了废水及固体废物的资源化。     

Trihalomethane reactivity of water- and sodium hydroxide-extractable organic carbon fractions from peat soils

Certain organic carbon moieties in drinking source waters of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta can react with chlorine during disinfection to form potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic trihalomethanes. The properties of reactive organic carbon in Delta waters, particularly those of soil origin, have been poorly understood. This study attempts to characterize trihalomethane reactivity of soil organic carbon from three representative Delta peat soils. Soil organic carbon was extracted from all three soils with either deionized H2O or 0.1 M NaOH and sequentially separated into humic acids, fulvic acids, and nonhumic substances for quantitation of trihalomethane formation potential. Water-extractable organic carbon represented only 0.4 to 0.7% of total soil organic carbon, whereas NaOH extracted 38 to 51% of total soil organic carbon. The sizes and specific trihalomethane formation potential (STHMFP) of individual organic carbon fractions differed with extractants. Fulvic acids were the largest fraction in H2O-extractable organic carbon, whereas humic acids were the largest fraction in NaOH-extractable organic carbon. Among the fractions derived from H2O-extractable carbon, fulvic acids had the greatest specific ultraviolet absorbance and STHMFP and had the majority of reactive organic carbon. Among the fractions from NaOH-extractable organic carbon, humic acids and fulvic acids had similar STHMFP and, thus, were equally reactive. Humic acids were associated with the majority of trihalomethane reactivity of NaOH-extractable organic carbon. The nonhumic substances were less reactive than either humic acids or fulvic acids regardless of extractants. Specific ultraviolet absorbance was not a good predictor of trihalomethane reactivity of organic carbon fractions separated from the soils.     

污水处理过程中的恶臭控制

由于城市日趋扩张,城市污水处理厂由原来的郊区相对转移到市内,污水厂的臭气对环境的影响逐渐暴露出来.从污水处理厂臭气的成分、来源部位和处理技术角度分析,其中化学吸收法和活性炭吸附法效果好但运行费用较大,可将其和生物技术结合,天然植物液喷洒法占地小、投资少、处理效果好比较适合大风量低浓度处理厂的臭气治理.