Al-Zn-In系铝合金牺牲阳极电化学性能研究

目的研究三种不同成分Al-Zn-In系铝合金牺牲阳极在常规海水环境中的电化学性能。方法使用牺牲阳极电流效率测试和表面形貌观察等方法。结果三种不同成分铝合金牺牲阳极的电流效率均超过了90%,其中成分3的阳极表面溶解最均匀,呈现均匀溶解形貌,并且未见明显的腐蚀坑和晶间腐蚀现象。结论Al-Zn-In系铝合金牺牲阳极中,加入一定量的In、Zn和适量的Si,可以提高牺牲阳极的电化学性能,三种不同成分Al-Zn-In系铝合金牺牲阳极中,成分3牺牲阳极具有最优异的电化学性能。     

High aspect ratio micromachining of glass by electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM)

Micromachining of glass is essential for several microfluidic components, micro-pumps, micro-accelerometers, micro-reactors, micro-fuel cells and several biomedical devices. Unique properties such as high chemical resistance, thermal stability and transparency give glass scope for additional applications. However, poor machinability of glass is a major constraint, especially in high aspect ratio applications of glass in microsystem technology. Micro electrochemical discharge machining (micro ECDM) is an emerging nontraditional fabrication method capable of micromachining ceramic materials like glass. While surface features less than 100 μm have been successfully machined on glass, machining high aspect features is a challenge. Machining accuracy at high depths is severely affected due to overcut and tool wear. In this paper, high aspect ratio microtools fabricated in-house have been used for deep microhole drilling on glass using low electrolyte concentration. An aspect ratio of 11 has been achieved. The results show that lower electrolyte concentration reduced overcut by 22%, thus increasing the aspect ratio of the micro holes. Lowering the electrolyte concentration also reduced the tool wear and hole taper by 39% and 18% respectively.     

Analysis of machined surface quality in a single-pass of ball-end milling on Inconel 718

The ball-end milling process is widely used for generating three-dimensional sculptured surfaces with definite curvature. In such cases, variation of surface properties along the machined surface curvatures is not well understood. Therefore, this paper reports the effect of machining parameters on the quality of surface obtained in a single-pass of a ball-end milling cutter with varying chip cross-sectional area. This situation is analogous to generation of free form cavities, pockets, and round fillets on mould surfaces. The machined surfaces show formation of distinct bands as a function of instantaneous machining parameters along the periphery of cutting tool edge, chip compression and instantaneous shear angle. A distinct variation is also observed in the measured values of surface roughness and micro-hardness in these regions. The maximum surface roughness is observed near the tool tip region on the machined surface. The minimum surface roughness is obtained in the stable cutting zone and it increases towards the periphery of the cutter. Similar segmentation was observed on the deformed chips, which could be correlated with the width of bands on the machined surfaces. The sub-surface quality analysis in terms of micro-hardness helped define machining affected zone (MAZ). The parametric effects on the machining induced shear and residual stresses have also been evaluated.     

Investigating surface roughness,material removal rate and corrosion resistance in PMEDM of γ-TiAl intermetallic

Titanium aluminide intermetallics offer an attractive combination of low density and good oxidation, corrosion and ignition resistance with unique mechanical properties. In this study two series of machining tests are designed. Firstly the powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) of γ-TiAl by means of different powders such as aluminum, chrome, silicon carbide, graphite and iron is performed to investigate the output characteristics of surface roughness and topography, material removal rate (MRR), electrochemical corrosion resistance of machined samples and also the machined surfaces are investigated by means of EDS and XRD analyses. Secondly after selection the aluminum powder as the most appropriate kind of powder, the current, pulse on time, powder size and powder concentration are changed in different levels for overall comparison between EDM and PMEDM output characteristics. In the first setting of input machining parameters, aluminum powder improves the surface roughness of TiAl sample about 32% comparing with EDM case and also aluminum particles with the size of 2 μm, in the second setting of input parameters lead to 54% enhancement of MRR comparing with EDM case. The electrochemical corrosion results show that, corrosion resistance of the samples which are machined by graphite and chrome powders respectively are about three and two times more than the sample which is machined without powder.     

Ruled Surface Machining on Five-Axis CNC Machine Tools

To achieve high precision and high productivity in machining sculptured surfaces, a new architecture for a five-axis CNC interpolator for machining ruled surfaces was developed and demonstrated on a milling machine. The objective of the five-axis interpolator is to continuously maintain the milling cutter axis in parallel with the straight lines of the ruled surface. The cutter position and orientation are calculated at each sampling period of the interpolator, and corresponding axial position commands are generated by an inverse kinematics algorithm. This real-time approach produces precise surfaces and requires substantially less machining time compared to the conventional off-line approach. Two new g-codes are also given in this paper for the new interpolator to produce part surfaces in CNC milling machines.     

Rotary ultrasonic machining of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal: An experimental investigation on surface roughness

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal, widely used for important electro-optic parts, is a typical hard-to-machine material because of its soft, brittle, and anisotropic properties. High quality is usually required for machined surfaces on KDP parts. Reported machining methods for KDP crystal include diamond turning, grinding, magnetorheological finishing, and polishing. Each of these methods has its limitations. Therefore, it is desirable to develop new machining methods for KDP crystal. This paper presents an experimental investigation on surface roughness in rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) of KDP. It was found that the surface roughness obtained when using a tool with a chamfered corner was lower than that obtained using tools with right-angle corners. Other process variables (spindle speed, feedrate, and ultrasonic power) also affected the surface roughness obtained.     

BDD电极处理高浓度二硝基重氮酚废水研究

采用金刚石薄膜(BDD)电极电化学降解高浓度的二硝基重氮酚废水,在实验过程中,对BDD电极处理高浓度二硝基重氮酚废水的处理,考察了电流密度、电解质的种类和浓度对处理效果的影响。结果表明:BDD电极降解二硝基重氮酚废水中的有机类物质有明显效果。在电流密度为20 mA/cm2时,电解效果明显,电流效率高;使用KCl为电解质时,电解效果显著,并且对电极寿命无影响;当电解质KCl质量浓度为2.0 g/L时,电解效果最优。     

高温耐磨粘结铜除铜工艺研究

目的获得经济且环境友好型化学溶解高温耐磨粘结铜的工艺。方法采用正交实验获得化学溶解除铜的最佳工艺参数,利用电化学手段测试铜及炮管基体在两种溶液体系最优配方中的E-t曲线和极化曲线,通过连续失重法分析铜在腐蚀溶液中的腐蚀溶解规律,并观察溶解后的表面形貌。结果化学溶解除铜工艺最优配方分别为过氧化氢-柠檬酸(H2O2(质量分数为0.8%)+C6H8O7(质量浓度为6 g/L)+温度θ为30℃+pH值为10)、溴酸钾-柠檬酸(KBrO3(质量浓度为30 g/L)+C6H8O7(质量浓度为30 g/L)+温度为30℃+pH值为10)。腐蚀溶解初始阶段,铜基体表面氧化膜逐渐溶解破坏,腐蚀电位变负,溶解速率加快,随后铜基体裸露,进入稳定溶解过程,反应速率逐渐趋于稳定。在溴酸钾-柠檬酸体系中铜的自腐蚀电流密度比过氧化氢-柠檬酸体系中高2个数量极,表现出更强的阳极活化能力和腐蚀溶解速度。结论铜在两种溶液体系中表现出快速稳定的溶解速度,炮管基体的腐蚀速率比铜小2~3个数量级,具有良好的耐蚀能力。     

管流电氧化杀藻及其影响要素

对藻种类、电流密度、电极材料、细胞密度和流量对电化学氧化杀藻的影响进行了研究.实验结果显示,铜绿微囊藻比水华鱼腥藻对电化学氧化更为敏感,藻的种类和形状对杀藻效果存在影响.使用普通镀锌水管、铜水管和钛管作为阴极进行实验,发现阴极材料对结果影响不大,而阳极对杀藻效果影响较大,钌钛电极效果明显好于钛电极.电流密度对杀藻效果影响很大,电流密度为1mA.cm^-2时,杀藻效果不明显,当电流密度大于2.5mA.cm^-2时,杀藻效果开始非常显著.细胞密度是影响杀藻效果的重要因素,在5mA.cm^-2下,低密度(6×10⁸个/L)水样的光密度值下降明显比高密度(6×10⁹个/L)水样快.水样在反应器中的流量对结果影响不大.     

Nitrogen-enriched micro-mesoporous carbon derived from polymers organic frameworks for high-performance capacitive deionization

Nitrogenization is an effective method for improving the capacitive deionization（CDI） performance of porous carbon materials. In particular, polymer organic frameworks with heteroatom doping, containing an ordered pore structure and excellent electrochemical stability, are ideal precursors for carbon materials for high-performance CDI. In this study, a nitrogen-enriched micro-mesoporous carbon（NMC） electrode was fabricated by carbonizing a Schiff base network-1 at 500, 600, and 700 °C. Scanning ...     

阳极材料对医院污水电化学消毒处理效果的研究

分析了三维电极法处理医院污水的影响因素，探讨了阳极材料、电流密度．水力停留时间、空气流量、极水比等因素对消毒效果的影响，确定在不加化学药剂、不影响水质和低耗能条件下电化学消毒试验的最佳使用条件。结果表明，在用涂有贵金属（钌、铂、铱）氧化物的钛板作阳极，不锈钢板作阴极，电流密度为6mA／cm^2、水力停留时间为15min、空气流量为40L／h、极水比为1．0的试验条件下，消毒后污水中总大肠菌群数〈500CFU／L。电化学法消毒处理医院污水方法简单有效、运行费用低，无二次污染．处理后的污水达到国家一级排放标准（GB8978—1996）。     

超疏水表面在提高镁合金耐蚀性能上的研究进展

总结和讨论了超疏水表面提高镁合金耐蚀性能的制备方法。采用电化学测试方法研究了超疏水表面的抗腐蚀行为。总结了在镁合金上制备抗腐蚀性超疏水表面的最新进展,提出了超疏水表面提高镁合金耐蚀性能的机理。镁合金上制备超疏水表面的方法较多,但是能进行大规模生产的较少,且制备的超疏水表面耐久性、机械稳定性较差。     

Electrochemical performance of magnesium alloy and its application on the sea water battery

The magnesium sea water battery belongs to a kind of reserved battery, which takes the active metal such as magnesium alloy as the anode based on the sea water as the electrolyte. Experiments of magnesium alloy sea water battery were carried out and its electrochemical performance was studied. Thin sheets of Mg-Al-Zn and Mg-Mn series of magnesium alloy were fabricated and used as the anode of magnesium battery. The discharging voltage and current were measured for different composition and thickness of Mg alloy sheet under various surface state, temperature as well as electrolyte. The effect of the temperature, the surface condition and the electrolyte to the electrical current and voltage were investigated. Anodic dissolution and mechanism of activation of Mg alloy anode were discussed based on surface microstructure observation. The feasibility to apply magnesium alloy sheet to highly effective sea water battery was verified.     

Optimum conditions for the formation of Al13 polymer and active chlorine in electrolysis process with Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anodes

A polyaluminum containing a high concentration of Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine (PACC) was successfully synthesized by a new electrochemical reactor using Ti/RuO₂-TiO₂ anodes. PACC can potentially be used as a dual-function chemical reagent for water treatment. The obtained results indicated that the formation of Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine, were the most active components in PACC responsible for coagulation and disinfection respectively. These components were significantly influenced by electrolyte temperature, current density, and stirring rate. It was observed that high electrolyte temperature favored the formation of Al₁₃. Increasing current density and stirring rate resulted in high current efficiency of chlorine evolution, thus favoring the generation of Al₁₃ and active chlorine in PACC. When the PACC (Al_T = 0.5 mol/L, basicity = 2.3) was prepared at the optimum conditions by electrolysis process, the Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine in product reached above 70% of Al_T and 4000 mg/L, respectively. In the pilot scale experiment with raw polyaluminum chloride used as an electrolyte, PACC was successfully prepared and produced a high content of Al₁₃ and active chlorine products. The pilot scale experiment demonstrated a potential industrial approach of PACC preparation.     

Electrochemical detection and degradation of ibuprofen from water on multi-walled carbon nanotubes-epoxy composite electrode

This work describes the electrochemical behaviour of ibuprofen on two types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes based composite electrodes,i.e.,multi-walled carbon nanotubes-epoxy(MWCNT) and silver-modified zeolite-multi-walled carbon nanotubes-epoxy(AgZMWCNT) composites electrodes.The composite electrodes were obtained using two-roll mill procedure.SEM images of surfaces of the composites revealed a homogeneous distribution of the composite components within the epoxy matrix.AgZMWCNT composite electrode exhibited the better electrical conductivity and larger electroactive surface area.The electrochemical determination of ibuprofen(IBP) was achieved using AgZMWCNT by cyclic voltammetry,differential-pulsed voltammetry,square-wave voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The IBP degradation occurred on both composite electrodes under controlled electrolysis at 1.2 and 1.75 V vs.Ag/AgCl,and IBP concentration was determined comparatively by differential-pulsed voltammetry,under optimized conditions using AgZMWCNT electrode and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods to determine the IBP degradation performance for each electrode.AgZMWCNT electrode exhibited a dual character allowing a double application in IBP degradation process and its control.     

交流杂散电流对X80管线钢的腐蚀行为影响

目的研究交流杂散电流干扰下管线钢的腐蚀机理。方法采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、动电位极化扫描(Tafel)等电化学测试技术和表面分析技术研究不同交流电流密度干扰下(0~80 A/m~2)X80管线钢在酸性土壤环境中的腐蚀行为。结果酸性土壤环境中,即使是10 A/m~2的交流电流密度,也会引起X80的交流腐蚀,且钢的腐蚀速率随着交流电流密度的增大而增大。未施加交流电干扰时,钢试样在酸性土壤浸出液中的腐蚀电流密度为9.6μA/cm~2;当施加10 A/m~2的交流电后,试样的腐蚀电流密度增大到11.95μA/cm~2;当干扰交流电流密度增大到80 A/m~2时,腐蚀电流密度为未施加交流电试样腐蚀电流密度的2.25倍。质量损失结果进一步验证了电化学测试结果,当干扰交流电流密度增大到80 A/m~2时,腐蚀速率是未施加交流电试样腐蚀速率的3.5倍。X80钢在酸性土壤环境中主要发生点蚀,交流杂散电流进一步加速了X80钢的点蚀。结论交流电的引入影响了X80钢的电化学腐蚀过程,交流电正半周期钢试样发生氧化反应,而在负半周期钢试样表面发生还原反应。在整个交流电作用的过程中,交流电正半周期的阳极氧化作用远大于负半周期的阴极还原作用。     

Prediction of polycrystalline materials texture evolution in machining via Viscoplastic Self-Consistent modeling

The crystallographic orientation or anisotropy is one of the main microstructural attributes strongly affecting the mechanical properties of materials. It is also an influential parameter to be considered during the manufacturing process especially for ultra-precision machining since it affects part quality, tool performance, and process productivity through material properties. In this study, a prediction toolset constituted of a Viscoplastic Self-Consistent model and machining process mechanics model is used to predict the texture evolution on the machined surface. The VPSC (Viscoplastic Self-Consistent) methodology which uses the mechanisms of slip and twinning that are active in single crystals of arbitrary symmetry was used. For this, an analytical model for the process mechanics is derived to understand the forces and stresses generated by the cutting tool at each workpiece point, then the strain and strain rate to capture the rate at which the material is deforming and finally the crystallographic orientations under various machining conditions. Experiments were performed on the orthogonal cutting of aluminum alloy AA-7075-T651 and the texture results were compared to model predictions.     

电化学氧化除氨氮过程中羟基自由基及中间产物定量分析

采用高效液相色谱对电化学氧化除氨氮过程,不同电流密度,Cl-浓度及初始pH值的·OH进行定量检测和分析,同时,对不同初始pH值和电流密度下,电化学氧化除氨氮的中间产物进行了定量分析,结果表明:·OH产生量与电流密度成正比,当有Cl-存在,且在碱性条件下会抑制·OH的产生;初始pH值为偏碱性时,NO2-和氯胺的产量均有所增加.建议电化学氧化脱氨氮过程,尽量保持溶液pH值在中性或酸性条件下;电流密度对氨氮电化学氧化过程中各中间产物的量有着较大影响,在电流密度为10mA/cm2时,活性物质产量最高,且有害中间产物产量最低.     

Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2-SnO2电极电解氧化含氨氮废水

研究了含氨氮(NH^＋₄-N)废水在循环流动式电解槽中的电化学氧化,其中阳极为Ti/RuO₂-TiO₂-IrO₂-SnO₂网状电极,阴极为网状钛电极.考察了出水放置时间、进水流量和电流密度对氨氮去除的影响,并对能耗、阳极效率和瞬时电流效率（ICE）进行分析.结果表明,在氯离子浓度为400　mg/L,初始氨氮浓度为40 　mg/L时,进水流量对氨氮去除的影响不大,电流密度的影响比较大.在进水流量为600 mL/min,电流密度为20 mA/cm² ,电解时间为90 min时,氨氮去除率为99.37％,去除1 kg氨氮的能耗和阳极效率为500 kW·h和 2.68 h·m²·A,瞬时电流效率（ICE）为0.28.表明电解氧化含氨氮废水具有较好的应用前景.