膜生物反应器在废水处理中的研究及应用进展

随着废水处理技术的不断发展,一些新的废水处理方法不断涌现。膜分离技术与污水的生物处理法相结合构成的膜生物反应器,成为一种高效污水处理工艺。综述了膜生物反应器的应用现状、技术原理、分类及在污水处理中的应用,介绍了膜生物反应器在国内外的研究现状以及应用中存在的主要问题和技术发展方向。     

3AMBR工艺在污水资源化和城市水环境治理中的应用

北京碧水源科技股份有限公司是专业从事污水资源化膜生物反应器技术的设备制造、整体技术解决方案与技术服务的高科技公司,注册资本1．1亿元,是中国膜生物反应器技术大规模工业化应用的先行者。公司以膜生物反应器（MBR）为核心的污水资源化技术居国际领先水平,其技术和产品先后在奥运水环境、     

牧羊环保 专业为您量身定做

牧羊环保主要从事市政污水、工业废水以及垃圾渗滤液处理工程的设计、供货、安装及调试,生产和销售除尘设备、生物除臭装置、高效射流曝气装置等环保设备。并提供环保技术咨询服务。集团四十多年创新取胜,开发出“高效厌氧（UASB,EGSB、ABR等）-好氧系统（CASS、MBR等）”技术。与清华大学合作开发的“高效好氧生物反应器——膜生物反应器（MBR）”更是在业内较早实现了在啤酒、PTA、聚酯等工业废水中的大规模应用。     

用于污水处理和中水回用的可自控膜—生物反应器成套设备

由惠州市雄越保环科技有限公司开发的用于污水处理和中水回用的可自控膜—生物反应器成套设备,适用于有机废水的处理及回用。主要技术内容一、基本原理膜生物反应器(简称MBR)是指将膜分离技术中的超滤组件与污水处理中的生物反应器相结合而成的一种新型废水处理系统。它利用膜处理单元代替了二沉池,超滤膜将污泥和大分子污染物截留在反应器内,既提高     

用于工业废水回用的MBR成套技术

由北京伊普国际水务有限公司开发的用于工业废水回用的MBR成套技术,适用于有机工业废水的回用。主要技术内容一、基本原理膜生物反应器技术是将膜分离技术与生物处理技术结合起来而开发的一种新型水处理技术,它由微滤膜组件和生物反应器组成。在分离膜生物反应器中,活性污泥对污染物进行高效降解处理,膜组件的作用相当于常规生物处理中的二沉池,用以将污泥混合液和已净化的水通过微滤膜过滤实现固液分离,出水水质达到《城市污水再生利用     

糕点行业废水处理技术剖析与工程实践

概述了我国糕点行业废水及其处理技术现状,介绍了以"改进型ABR+复合生物反应器"组合工艺为主体的糕点行业废水处理实例,工程实践表明用该组合工艺处理糕点废水可获得良好的效果。     

膜生物反应器工艺的优点及膜组件设计

对比传统活性污泥法与膜生物反应器MBR的工艺原理,简要阐述了膜生物反应器工艺的优点。对工艺中的设计依据、构型、膜组件和有机负荷、固体停留时间、水力停留时间等生物反应器的技术参数进行了探讨,为膜生物反应器中试设计提供了借鉴。     

城区富营养化景观水体的生物修复技术

生物修复技术在富营养化景观水体中有其独特的应用价值,本文综述了生物操纵控藻技术、植物控藻技术和微生物控藻技术的研究现状,讨论和展望了不同生物修复技术相互结合在水体修复中的作用.     

土壤中重金属生物有效性与植物效应研究

植物效应为重金属的生物有效性评价提供了链接,本文就污染土壤中重金属生物有效性问题,探讨了植物效应和生物有效性的关联关系。阐述各种植物效应在重金属生物有效性评价、监测及应用领域的研究进展,探讨了目前存在的某些不足。根据重金属的生物有效性评价结论,可针对不同土壤污染类型采用不同的植物应对措施,如可以尝试应用避性排斥型植物在生物有效性低的污染土壤上生产出非污染的农产品,为进行安全农业生产提出了一条新的思路。     

好氧生物流化床技术研究进展

对好氧生物流化床技术的工作原理和发展概况进行了简介,重点阐述了部分新型好氧生物流化床反应器的结构特点,并对好氧生物流化床技术存在的问题及发展前景做了研讨。     

整体性治理视域下防治外来物种入侵法治研究

外来物种入侵是威胁国家生物多样性、生态安全和公众健康的重大安全问题。《生物安全法》的通过为防治外来物种入侵提供了综合性的制度规范。我国防治外来物种入侵法治实践长期以行政规制为主导,较少关注司法机关、企事业单位、社会组织和公众等法律主体在治理中的作用。行政规制治理中执法机构及其职能与管理手段的碎片化,亦无法回应高风险社会防治外来物种入侵的需要。我国防治外来物种入侵法治建设应当坚持整体性治理理念,以整体安全观为指导,坚持风险预防、防治结合,明确综合管理程序及责任法律制度和一体化协同执法机制,健全防治外来物种入侵行政规制体系;引入公众参与,形成政府、企事业单位、社会组织和公众协同治理外来物种入侵,鼓励外来物种入侵公益诉讼等,完善防治外来物种入侵的多元共治体系,共促国家生物安全治理体系。     

风险预防背景下的外来物种入侵法律规制

随着世界经济贸易的发展,外来物种入侵成为威胁生物多样性、公众健康,甚至生态安全和国家安全的重大问题。我国目前在外来物种入侵相关立法方面存在立法理念滞后、调整范围欠充分、监管碎片化、法律制度缺失且责任追究机制单一等问题,无法有效回应高风险社会对外来物种入侵的防范。在国内外相关制度经验总结的基础上,我国防治外来物种入侵的相关法律法规应在《生物安全法》的指导下,确立整体生态安全理念,采取风险预防原则,健全外来物种风险评估、引种许可证、全过程跟踪监测、公众参与和法律责任制度,优化外来物种风险管理机制,促进生物安全治理体系进一步完善。     

Ornamental Plants as Invasive Aliens: Problems and Solutions in Kruger National Park,South Africa

The most widespread invasive alien plant species in South Africa’s Kruger National Park (KNP) were either introduced unintentionally along rivers and roads, or intentionally for use as ornamentals. We examine the spatial distribution of ornamental alien plants in KNP, look at the link between human population size, history, and species richness, and show how the distribution of particular species reflects the likely history of ornamental plantings. Results are used to assess whether past management actions have been appropriately directed. Two hundred and fifty-eight alien species have been recorded in the 36 tourist camps and staff villages. The number of staff housed in villages explains much of the diversity of cultivated alien plant species. Older camps also tend to have more ornamental alien plant species. However, the lack of a strong link between camp age and number of cultivated species suggests that ornamental plants have been widely spread around the KNP by humans. We also show that increased camp activity (either size or age) has led to more ornamental species, while, with the notable exception of Skukuza, camp activity has had a much smaller effect on the number of noncultivated species. Noncultivated species tend to be naturally dispersed, as opposed to directly spread by humans between camps. Past management prioritized certain species on the basis of their potential to invade KNP and on the prevailing national legislation. These species were removed manually and follow-up control was carried out. Once the priority species were deemed to be under control, less invasive species were targeted. All alien species were removed from vacated houses, regardless of the potential invasiveness of the species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

辽宁省外来物种入侵防控对策与建议

外来物种入侵已经成为国内面临的重要环境问题。外来物种入侵不仅会破坏本地的生态系统,威胁生物群落多样性,还会对农业、林业等造成严重威胁,带来巨大的生态风险和经济损失。辽宁省地处陆海边境,是外来物种进入国内的重要通道,为防范外来物种入侵,提出应加强对于本地物种的选育使用、建立外来物种潜在风险调查机制、制定外来入侵物种名录、规范引进许可制度、加强政策宣传和口岸违法处罚力度等对策建议。     

Analyzing the Social Factors That Influence Willingness to Pay for Invasive Alien Species Management Under Two Different Strategies: Eradication and Prevention

Biological invasions occur worldwide, and have been the object of ecological and socio-economic research for decades. However, the manner in which different stakeholder groups identify the problems associated with invasive species and confront invasive species management under different policies remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an econometric analysis of the social factors influencing willingness to pay for invasive alien species management under two different regimes: eradication and prevention in the Doñana Natural Protected Area (SW Spain). Controlling for the participation of local residents, tourists and conservationists, email and face-to-face questionnaires were conducted. Results indicated that respondents were more willing to pay for eradication than prevention; and public support for invasive alien species management was influenced by an individual’s knowledge and perception of invasive alien species, active interest in nature, and socio-demographic attributes. We concluded that invasive alien species management research should confront the challenges to engage stakeholders and accept any tradeoffs necessary to modify different conservation policies to ensure effective management is implemented. Finally, our willingness to pay estimates suggest the Department of Environment of Andalusian Government has suitable social support to meet the budgetary expenditures required for invasive alien species plans and adequate resources to justify an increase in the invasive alien species management budget.     

Evaluation of Online Information Sources on Alien Species in Europe: The Need of Harmonization and Integration

Europe is severely affected by alien invasions, which impact biodiversity, ecosystem services, economy, and human health. A large number of national, regional, and global online databases provide information on the distribution, pathways of introduction, and impacts of alien species. The sufficiency and efficiency of the current online information systems to assist the European policy on alien species was investigated by a comparative analysis of occurrence data across 43 online databases. Large differences among databases were found which are partially explained by variations in their taxonomical, environmental, and geographical scopes but also by the variable efforts for continuous updates and by inconsistencies on the definition of “alien” or “invasive” species. No single database covered all European environments, countries, and taxonomic groups. In many European countries national databases do not exist, which greatly affects the quality of reported information. To be operational and useful to scientists, managers, and policy makers, online information systems need to be regularly updated through continuous monitoring on a country or regional level. We propose the creation of a network of online interoperable web services through which information in distributed resources can be accessed, aggregated and then used for reporting and further analysis at different geographical and political scales, as an efficient approach to increase the accessibility of information. Harmonization, standardization, conformity on international standards for nomenclature, and agreement on common definitions of alien and invasive species are among the necessary prerequisites.     

An Assessment of Stakeholder Perceptions and Management of Noxious Alien Plants in Spain

Despite biological invasions being a worldwide phenomenon causing significant ecological, economic, and human welfare impacts, there is limited understanding regarding how environmental managers perceive the problem and subsequently manage alien species. Spanish environmental managers were surveyed using questionnaires to (1) analyze the extent to which they perceive plant invasions as a problem; (2) identify the status, occurrence, and impacts of noxious alien plant species; (3) assess current effort and expenditure targeting alien plant management; and, finally, (4) identify the criteria they use to set priorities for management. In comparison to other environmental concerns, plant invasions are perceived as only moderately problematic and mechanical control is the most valued and frequently used strategy to cope with plant invasions in Spain. Based on 70 questionnaires received, 193 species are considered noxious, 109 of which have been the subject of management activities. More than 90% of species are found in at least one protected area. According to respondents, the most frequently managed species are the most widespread across administrative regions and the ones perceived as causing the highest impacts. The perception of impact seems to be independent of their invasion status, since only half of the species identified as noxious are believed to be invasive in Spain, while 43% of species thought to only be casual aliens are causing a high impact. Records of management costs are poor and the few data indicate that the total actual expenditure amounted to 50,492,437 € in the last decade. The majority of respondents stated that management measures are insufficient to control alien plants due to limited economic resources, lack of public awareness and support, and an absence of coordination among different public administrations. Managers also expressed their concern about the fact that much scientific research is concerned with the ecology of alien plants rather than with specific cost-efficient strategies to manage alien species.     

Alien plant invasions--incorporating emerging invaders in regional prioritization: a pragmatic approach for Southern Africa

Plant invasions are a serious threat to natural and semi-natural ecosystems worldwide. Most management-orientated research on invasions focuses on invaders that are already widespread and often have major impacts. This paper deals with "emerging" invaders-those alien species with the potential to become important problems without timely intervention. A climate matching procedure was developed to define areas of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland that could be invaded by 28 plant species that had previously been classified as emerging invaders. Information on the location of populations of these species in the study area was combined with information on their distributions (as native or alien) in parts of Australia and the United States of America. These two countries had the best available distribution data for this study. They also share many invasive alien plant species with South Africa. Climatic data obtained for weather stations near points of known occurrence in these countries were used to define the climatically suitable areas for each species in the study area. Almost 80% of the remaining natural environment in southern Africa was found to be vulnerable to invasion by at least one of these species, 50% by six or more and 24% by 16 or more species. The most vulnerable areas are the highveld grasslands and the eastern escarpment. The emerging invaders with the greatest potential range included Acacia podalyriifolia and Cortaderia selloana. The globally important invaders Ulex europaeus and Lythrum salicaria had a more limited invasion potential but could still become major invaders. There was no relationship between the extent of the climatically suitable areas for the different species and an expert ranking of their invasion potential, emphasising the uncertainties inherent in making expert assessments based on very little information. The methods used in this analysis establish a protocol for future modelling exercises to assess the invasion potential of other emerging invaders.     

外来物种入侵及其环境法律调控准则

随着世界经济、贸易和交通高度发达的影响，外来物种入侵活动且益加剧，已尼成为威胁我国生物多样性与生态环境的重要因素之一，对我国的一些地区造成了巨大的生态和经济损失。有关外来入侵物种管理的立法应贯彻风险预防原则。     

新疆外来入侵种现状研究

通过对我国新疆9种已呈现出较大危害的外来入侵种的分布范围、生境类型、种群建立状况、起源、首次发现或引入的地点及时间、来源、引入路径、入侵途径、经济和生态影响等内容进行了研究,并深入分析了目前外来入侵种管理等方面存在的问题,提出了外来入侵物种预防、控制和管理措施。