干旱胁迫下壳聚糖对花生幼苗生理特性的影响

为了研究壳聚糖对花生幼苗抗旱言的影响,以花生品种“花育23号”为材料,在干旱胁迫下,用不同浓度的壳聚糖溶雍处理花生幼苗,连续处理5d后测定叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、MDA和脯氨酸的含量变化。结果表明,花生幼苗在干旱条件下喷施壳聚糖与蒸馏水相比,在干旱第10天叶绿素含量提高了42．2％,MDA含量降低了36．2％;在干旱第6天,可溶性蛋白含量提高了129．0％;在干旱第8天,脯氨酸含量提高了257．0％。喷施壳聚糖溶液的最适宜浓度为0．10g／L,喷施该浓度壳聚糖可促进植物生长,增强抗旱性。     

开发野生淀粉大有前途

随着人们生活水平的提高 ,传统的饮食习惯不断发生变化 ,山珍海味已不再是人们最喜爱的高档饮食 ,相反“素、野、粗、杂”等绿色食品逐步成为时尚。据有关部门进行的市场调查 ,野生植物淀粉具有无污染 ,天然风味 ,口感纯正 ,营养丰富等特点 ,越来越受到人们欢迎。我国地域辽阔 ,物种繁多 ,野生淀粉资源丰富 ,开发前景十分诱人 ,本文仅就其中几种野生淀粉介绍如下 :葛根淀粉 :野葛根中除富含大量碳水化合物、蛋白质外 ,还含有异黄酮戊葛根素、葛根素木糖甘、大豆黄酮、大豆黄酮甘、花生酸等多种成分。在日本 ,用葛根淀粉加工制成的食品被定为…     

大豆多肽开发应用潜力巨大

大豆多肽是大豆蛋白质经蛋白酶作用后,再经特殊处理而得到的蛋白质水解物。与传统大豆蛋白相比,它具有易于消化吸收、能迅速供给机体能量、无蛋白变性和豆腥味、液体粘性小、受热不凝固等特性,在食品、医药、日用化工等领域中已显示出了诱人的应用前景。以大豆多肽为基料添加部分全脂奶粉、蜂蜜和强化氨基酸等,可制作速溶性老年奶粉,也可用于生产适用于肥胖病患者的功能性保健食品及婴幼儿奶粉、甜点心等食品。大豆多肽还可生产蛋白质强化食品和能量补给饮品等,用于运动员补充营养和恢复疲劳。大豆多肽具有促进微生物生长发育和活跃新陈代谢…     

流域复合系统可持续发展的评价研究

本文以水文循环的基本单元“流域”为研究空间,以流域中人和自然构成的复合系统为研究对象,建立了流域复合系统可持续发展的评价指标体系及指标体系的基本结构,并对 江上中持续发展进行了定量评价 。     

干旱胁迫下壳聚糖对大豆幼苗保护酶的影响

在干旱胁迫下,用不同浓度的壳聚糖溶液处理大豆幼苗,连续处理5天后采用分光光度计法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等大豆保护酶以及大豆游离蛋白含量的变化。结果显示,用壳聚糖处理的大豆幼苗保护酶活性明显比不用壳聚糖处理的大豆幼苗的酶活性高。随着干旱程度的加强,保护酶活性总体呈现下降趋势。各实验组大豆幼苗SOD、POD、CAT及活性均高于对照组,说明外源壳聚糖使得大豆幼苗的保护酶活性得到了提高,使大豆具有了更强的抗逆性。     

大枣-豆乳复合饮料

鲜枣肉脆味美，营养丰富，VC和VP含量高，其中VC高达380～600mg／100g，糖、蛋白质和矿物质元素Fe、Ca、P等含量丰富，是一种较好的滋补物，有养胃健脾、益血壮神的功效。大豆富含植物蛋白，由大豆制成的豆乳含有大豆中大部分可溶性营养成分，必需氨基酸含量丰富，所含油脂以不饱和脂肪酸为主，且不含胆固醇，对高血压、动脉硬化等有较好的预防和治疗功效。豆乳中物质以Fe、K、P等丰富，含Ca较少；维生素以VB1、VB2、VE为主，含VA、VC较少。农业食品开发科研人员将大枣与豆乳复合，制成果味豆乳饮料，正好弥补了豆乳中VC和Ca含量…     

安徽丰原集团有限公司

安徽丰原集团有限公司坐落于华夏文明的发源地、淮河之滨、龙子湖畔、涂山脚下的“珍珠城”——蚌埠。在职员工18300人,总资产106．7亿元人民币。丰原集团依托先进的生物发酵技术和化工分离提取技术,利用玉米、小麦、大豆、花生等粮食和油料作物,从事生化、制     

黄曲霉侵染对不同品种花生生理特性的影响

以高抗黄曲霉花生品种J11、中抗品种HY22和敏感性品种JH1012为材料进行黄曲霉侵染,在不同时间段取样测定各品种花生种皮和籽仁的毒素含量,并同时测定籽仁中脂肪酸和亚油酸、油酸含量。结果表明,各花生品种的种皮内毒素含量随侵染时间增加而升高,到最大值后保持稳定;而籽仁中的毒素含量较低,不同品种花生受侵染后毒素含量大小表现为高抗品种〈普通品种〈高感品种。亚油酸和脂肪含量与黄曲霉毒素含量呈显著正相关,而油酸呈显著负相关,说明高油酸含量和低脂肪、亚油酸含量的花生品种对黄曲霉毒素的侵染有一定抵抗作用。     

简单豆浆“复杂化”

民间有“要长寿,吃大豆”的说法。不过直接吃豆子有时会肠胃胀气,那是因为我们嚼得不够烂,蛋白质吸收不好造成的。研究发现,食用整粒大豆,蛋白质吸收率大约65％左右,而加工成豆浆后吸收率可增长至92％～96％。有资料显示,吃黄豆最好是做成豆浆或豆腐食用,因为整粒的黄豆不利于消化和吸收。在家中自制豆浆,还可以将绿豆、红豆、黑豆、花生等其他种类的食物与黄豆混合起来制成豆浆,各种食物的营养成分相互补充,使豆浆的营养素更为均衡。     

吃什么补眼睛

维生素A 不用多说,素有“护眼之必需”之称的维生素A,是预防眼干、视力衰退、夜盲症的良方,以胡萝卜及绿、黄色蔬菜和红枣中含量最多。维生素B 维生素B_1是视觉神经的营养来源之一,维生素B_1不足,眼睛容易疲劳,维生素B_2不足,容易引起角膜炎。可以多吃些芝麻、大豆、鲜奶、麦芽等食物。枸杞子枸杞子清肝明目的疗效大家早已知道,因为它含有丰富的胡梦卜素,维生素A、B_1、B_2、C、钙、铁等,是健康眼睛的必需营养。     

绿豆贡菊功能性饮料的研制

采用感官评定和正交试验法对绿豆贡菊功能性饮料的工艺和配方进行了探讨,确定绿豆贡菊功能性饮料的最佳配方,即绿豆液用量6％、贡菊液用量O．25％、柠檬酸用量0．025％、阿斯巴甜用量0．012％。该产品为淡黄色、澄清饮料,其主要功能成分为黄酮类物质,含量为1．08％,饮料pH为4．6,适用于高血脂症、动脉粥样硬化患者和普通人群食用。     

用工业生态学理论优化工业生产体系

工业生态是人类社会发展之必然。在阐述工业生态学基本理论的基础上,以废物再资源化为指导思想,对秦皇岛市金海粮油豆油生产进行优化组合,以豆油生产为"优势种群"(核心环节),将其生产过程中产生的"废物"作为下一生产环节的原料,即"资源—产品—再生资源"或"资源—产品—消费—再资源化"的循环式流程,建立工业生态体系,取得生态、经济和社会等多种效益的共赢。     

广西坡耕地主要经济作物施肥与养分径流流失初探

为研究广西坡耕地主要经济作物甘蔗、玉米和花生农民常规施肥及不施肥处理对植株生长情况、经济产量及养分径流流失的影响,探寻提高广西经济作物经济效益、减少成本、减少环境污染的最佳施肥量,在坡耕地,观测降雨过程的养分径流流失,运用SPSS统计分析软件对试验数据进行分析,寻找成本低、效益高的种植方法。结果表明,对照与常规施肥相比,甘蔗、玉米、花生作物的生长情况差异不明显。对照处理的玉米经济产量、生物产量、淀粉含量分别为851．42kg·667m-2 3640．4kg·667m-2．68．40％;比玉米（常规施肥）高100．62kg·667m-2．485．98kg·667m-2 7．5％;花生对照的粗脂肪比其常规施肥高了45g·kg-1;径流养分总氮、总磷、总钾、硝态氮、铵态氮径流流失总量最高的均是花生常规施肥,其次是甘蔗对照,最少的玉米对照。径流量与总氮、总磷、总钾、硝态氮、铵态氮的相关系数,常规施肥处理偏高于对照。玉米对照的养分径流流失总量最少;花生常规施肥养分径流率最大;玉米比花生更适合在广西肥沃的坡耕地中种植。     

A note on empty bottles

This note examines the second-order conditions of the Massel-Parrish (M-P) model of a beverage market in which a monopolist producer of beverages packaged in ‘private mould’ bottles has monopsony power in the market for the empty bottles. Customers pay only the shelf price if they return the empty bottle; and, the shelf price plus the forfeited deposit if they discard it. The analysis determines directional changes in the optimal shelf price, deposit levels, and unit sales resulting from changes in each of five demand and three supply parameters. Potential effects of current legislation requiring mandatory deposits on all beverage containers are also analysed.     

花生壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的等温吸附模型研究

在花生壳吸附剂量为1.0g、pH2.0、温度30℃、振荡速度140r/min、吸附时间360min条件下,实验研究了不同初始浓度（50 mg/L、75 mg/L、100 mg/L、125 mg/L、150 mg/L）的Cr（Ⅵ）溶液等温吸附曲线。研究结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附模型符合得更好;该吸附是一个优先吸附过程;最大饱和吸附量为6.25mg/g。     

饮料植物的开发利用

通过对华东主要饮料市场的调研,结合国内外的相关报道,就饮料植物在人民生活中的地位、饮料植物种类、开发利用现状进行了综述,并提出利用前景.     

Simulating the Impacts of Irrigation Levels on Soybean Production in Texas High Plains to Manage Diminishing Groundwater Levels

There is an increasing need to strategize and plan irrigation systems under varied climatic conditions to support efficient irrigation practices while maintaining and improving the sustainability of groundwater systems. This study was undertaken to simulate the growth and production of soybean [Glycine max (L.)] under different irrigation scenarios. The objectives of this study were to calibrate and validate the CROPGRO‐Soybean model under Texas High Plains’ (THP) climatic conditions and to apply the calibrated model to simulate the impacts of different irrigation levels and triggers on soybean production. The methodology involved combining short‐term experimental data with long‐term historical weather data (1951–2012), and use of mechanistic crop growth simulation algorithms to determine optimum irrigation management strategies. Irrigation was scheduled based on five different plant extractable water levels (irrigation threshold [ITHR]) set at 20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 80%. The calibrated model was able to satisfactorily reproduce measured leaf area index, biomass, and evapotranspiration for soybean, indicating it can be used for investigating different strategies for irrigating soybean in the THP. Calculations of crop water productivity for biomass and yield along with irrigation water use efficiency indicated soybean can be irrigated at ITHR set at 50% or 65% with minimal yield loss as compared to 80% ITHR, thus conserving water and contributing toward lower groundwater withdrawals. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series.     

Land-Use Planning in the Chaco Plain (Burruyacú, Argentina). Part 1: Evaluating Land-Use Options to Support Crop Diversification in an Agricultural Frontier Area Using Physical Land Evaluation

The Burruyacú district (Tucumán province, Argentina) is a farming frontier in the western Chaco plain, at the foothills of the sub-Andean mountain ranges, where agricultural land-uses are in conflict with the conservation and management of the Chaco forest. Over the last decades, large-scale farming rapidly expanded due to population pressure, attractive market prices, easy accessibility, favourable annual rainfall, fertile soils, and flexible land tenure. Cropland extension, mainly for heavily mechanized soybean production, has resulted in important reduction of the Chaco forest and also caused physical soil degradation, especially soil compaction, and soil erosion. Land suitability was assessed using the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) framework for a set of crops ecologically adapted to the area, including soybean, maize, wheat, sugarcane, citrus, and safflower. Only 16% of the study area has high suitability for most of the selected crops. Major limitations for cropping are low annual rainfall and flooding in the east of the study area, and topography (slope) and flooding in the west. As climate varies over relatively short periods of time, with recurrent cycles of dry and rainy years, land suitability for the selected crops was also assessed under extreme but realistic climatic conditions. Under rainy-year conditions, almost all the study area is unsuitable or marginally suitable for most of the crops. Under dry-year conditions, the study area is unsuitable for all crops, except safflower, which is more drought-resistant. This article proposes alternatives to the mono-cropping of soybean with the aim to help farmers make adequate decisions on land-use and management under deteriorating environmental conditions and for addressing the issue of competitive land uses in the context of land-use planning.     

Accelerated soil dissipation of tebuconazole following multiple applications to peanut

Repeated application may increase rates of pesticide dissipation in soil and reduce persistence. The potential for this to occur was investigated for the fungicide, tebuconazole (alpha-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), when used for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Soil samples were collected from peanut plots after each of four tebuconazole applications at 2-wk intervals. Soil moisture was adjusted to field capacity as necessary and samples were incubated in the laboratory for 63 d at 30 degrees C. Untreated plot samples spiked with the compound served as controls. Results indicated accelerated dissipation in field-treated samples with the time to fifty percent dissipation (DT50) decreasing from 43 to 5 d after three tebuconazole applications. Corresponding increases in rates of accumulation and decay of degradates were also indicated. Best-fit equations (r2 = 0.84-0.98) to dissipation kinetic data combined with estimates of canopy interception rates were used to predict tebuconazole and degradates concentration in soil after each successive application. Predicted concentrations compared with values measured in surface soil samples were from twofold less to twofold greater. Use of kinetic data will likely enhance assessments of treatment efficacy and human and ecological risks from normal agronomic use of tebuconazole on peanut. However, the study indicated that varying soil conditions (in particular, soil temperature and water content) may have an equal or greater impact on field dissipation rate than development of accelerated dissipation. Results emphasize that extension of laboratory-derived kinetic data to field settings should be done with caution.     

基于多模态感知的危险废物环境风险评估与预警研究

为了有效地防范化解危险废物的环境风险,亟须构建风险的精细化评估与实时智能预警系统。然而,危险废物特性复杂、全过程流转链条长,传统的单一感知数据并不能满足环境风险评估和预警的需求。因此,本文提出基于多模态感知的危险废物环境风险评估与预警方法,采用物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术手段,实现危险废物基础信息、环境要素、空间信息的多模态实时感知,并通过感知信息的融合、分析,进行准则判断或现象描述。围绕以上研究思路,本文针对危险废物贮存环节及非法倾倒两个重要风险因子释放情景,设计了基于多模态感知的风险评估与预警方法,以期为危险废物环境风险的管控提供相应的服务与决策。