太原市采暖期PM10中PAHs的碳同位素组成及源贡献率

在太原市7个点位采集采暖期PM10样品,用气相色谱-同位素质谱仪测定环境空气PM10和污染源(煤烟尘和机动车尾气)中9种多环芳烃(PAHs)的碳同位素组成(δ13C),并根据碳同位素质量平衡原理定量环境空气PAHs的源贡献率.结果表明:煤烟尘中PAHs随环数增加贫13C,机动车尾气中PAHs随环数增加富13C;各点位PAHs的δ13C值差别不大,变化趋势与煤烟尘基本一致,煤烟尘是城市PAHs的主要污染源;煤烟尘对各点位荧蒽和苯并[a]蒽的贡献率都大于机动车尾气,对 的贡献率与机动车尾气相当,煤烟尘是各点位荧蒽和苯并[a]蒽的主要来源, 是二者共同作用的结果;煤烟尘和机动车尾气对全市环境空气中荧蒽、苯并[ghi]荧蒽、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[b+k]荧蒽贡献率比都约为7:3,太原市环境空气PAHs污染属于煤烟尘和机动车尾气的复合污染.     

Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engine retrofitted with selective catalytic reduction and continuously regenerating trap

Two after treatment units, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and continuously regenerating trap (CRT), were independently retrofitted to a diesel engine, with the objective to investigate their impact on the conversion/reduction (CR) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The experiments were conducted under the European steady state cycle (ESC) first without any retrofits to get baseline emissions, and then with SCR and CRT respectively, on the same engine. The particulate matter (PM)-phase PAHs were trapped in fiberglass filters, whereas gas-phase PAHs were collected in cartridges, and then analyzed using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Both PM-phase and gas-phase PAHs were greatly reduced with CRT showing respective CR of 90.7% and above 80%, whereas only gas-phase PAHs were abated in the case of SCR, with CR of above 75%. Lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs were in abundance, while naphthalene exhibited a maximum relative contribution (RC) to LMW-PAHs for all three cases. Further, the CR of naphthalene and anthracene were increased with increasing catalyst temperature of SCR, most likely due to their conversion to solid particles. Moreover, the Benzo[a]Pyrene equivalent (BaP_eq) of PAHs was greatly reduced with CRT, owing to substantial reduction of total PAHs.     

柴油轿车颗粒多环芳烃的排放特性

以一辆柴油轿车为研究样车,分别使用纯柴油、生物柴油掺混比例为10%的B10燃油,进行了NEDC整车循环工况试验,测取了该车HC、CO、NOx、颗粒等法规限制的排放,利用气相色谱-质谱法对采集的排气颗粒样品进行了分析,重点研究了颗粒中多环芳烃的排放特性.结果表明,与柴油相比,燃用B10燃油的HC、CO、NOx和颗粒等常规排放均有所降低;两种燃料产生的颗粒多环芳烃排放中均以荧蒽和芘最多,与纯柴油相比,燃用B10燃油产生的低环数PAHs排放略有增加,中高环数的PAHs排放降幅明显.苯并[a]芘等效毒性分析结果显示燃用B10燃油的BEQs值比纯柴油降低了21.6%,表明柴油轿车燃用生物柴油后,排气颗粒的多环芳烃毒性有所下降.     

滩涂红树林种植-养殖耦合系统水产品中多环芳烃含量水平分析

为了掌握滩涂红树林种植-养殖耦合系统中水产品中多环芳烃的污染情况,保证系统中水产品的品质和食用安全,采用高效液相色谱仪检测了系统中秋茄、桐花树和木榄等养殖塘罗非鱼、鲻鱼和牡蛎体内的13种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons,PAHs）[Fluorene（Flu）、Phenanthrene（Phe）、Anthracene（Ant）、Fluoranthene（Fla）、Pyrene（Pyr）、Benz[a]anthraces（BaA）、Chrysene（Chr）、Benzo[b]fluoranthene（BbF）、Benzo[k]fluoranthene（BkF）、Benzo[a]Pyrene（BaP）、Dibenzo[a,h]anthercene（DahA）、Benzo[g,h,i]perylene（BghiP）、Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene（InP）],分析研究其污染水平并进行食品安全评价.结果表明,牡蛎体内的TPAHs含量最高,干重浓度范围在89.79～98.49μg.kg-1之间;鲻鱼次之,干重浓度范围在25.97～34.64μg.kg-1之间;罗非鱼的TPAHs含量最低,干重浓度范围在12.31～14.41μg.kg-1之间.3环PAHs是主要组成成分,占TPAHs的41.58%～83.35%.脂肪含量是影响不同种类水产品间TPAHs浓度水平的因素.与国内其它地区相比,研究区域水产品内PAHs污染处于轻度的污染水平.3类水产品的湿重等效ΣBaP浓度值在0.068 9～1.037 3μg.kg-1之间,符合欧盟对苯并[a]芘的限值要求.研究区域水产品内PAHs在安全食用范围内.     

六类餐饮源排放PM2.5化学成分谱

大气颗粒物源成分谱可以表征源排放颗粒物的理化特征,为受体模型开展来源解析研究提供基础数据.餐饮油烟排放是室内外环境大气污染的来源之一,当前餐饮源排放PM_2.5的化学成分谱仍然缺乏.该研究分别在成都市、武汉市和天津市采集了29组6种餐饮源（居民烹饪、火锅店、烧烤店、职工食堂、中餐馆、商场综合餐饮）排放的PM_2.5样品,分析无机元素、离子、碳、多环芳烃（PAHs）等化学组分,并构建了餐饮源排放颗粒物化学成分谱.结果表明:①餐饮源排放PM_2.5化学成分中的主要组分为OC（有机碳）、EC（元素碳）、Ca、Al、Fe、NH₄+、SO₄2-、NO₃-、Na+、K+、Mg2+和Cl-,其中w（OC）最高,为41.67%~57.91%.②餐饮源排放PM_2.5的PAHs中,3环和4环占比较高,其中芴（Flu）、菲（Phe）、荧蒽（Fla）、芘（Pyr）的质量分数相对其他物质较高.研究显示:餐饮源排放PM_2.5中OC/EC约为15.99~67.61,在一定程度上可以用来表征餐饮源排放;Fla/（Fla+Pyr）和InP/（InP+BghiP）多集中在0.45~0.55之间,或可作为标识餐饮源的特征比值.      

洛阳市秋冬季PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价

本研究于2018年10月4日至2019年1月30日在洛阳市高新和林校2个采样点位同步连续采集秋冬季PM_2.5样品,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对PM_2.5中优先控制的16种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）进行了分析测定.对优良天和污染天PM_2.5中16种PAHs的质量浓度和组成分布特征进行了研究,利用特征比值法和主成分分析法对其主要来源进行了定性解析,并使用苯并［a］芘（BaP）毒性当量法和增量终生致癌风险模型评估了对人体的健康风险.结果表明在采样期内,高新和林校两个采样点的PM_2.5中16种PAHs质量浓度变化范围分别为24.33~90.26 ng·m^-3和23.81~76.99 ng·m^-3.随着PM_2.5污染程度的加重,PAHs浓度明显升高（污染天为优良天的1.3倍）,不同环数PAHs贡献顺序均为：4环（43%~48%） > 5~6环（32%~35%） > 2~3环（20%~22%）.大气中PAHs主要来自于燃烧源,包括燃煤、生物质燃烧以及机动车排放等,其中燃煤对PAHs污染贡献最大（优良天：49.28%~56.38%,污染天：49.44%~60.60%）.BaP毒性当量浓度表明,污染天存在更高的人体健康风险;增量终生致癌风险结果表明,污染天致癌风险高于优良天,成人呼吸暴露风险高于儿童,在研究区域内不同污染水平下健康风险属于可接受水平（<1×10^-6）.     

太原城区PM2.5中多环芳烃、硝基多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析和健康风险评价

以2013—2014年期间太原城区大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))为研究对象,定量分析了其中多环芳烃和硝基多环芳烃的浓度.结果显示,太原城区PM_(2.5)中16种多环芳烃和12种硝基多环芳烃的浓度分别为13.8~547和0.70~4.33 ng·m~(-3),硝基多环芳烃浓度低于多环芳烃浓度1~2个数量级.太原城区PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃最高值出现在冬季,最低值出现在夏季,冬季污染物浓度平均值高于夏季20倍,主要是由于北方采暖期间取暖用煤量的增加使得多环芳烃排放量大幅提高;与之不同的是,硝基多环芳烃浓度季节变化并不显著,冬季浓度均值与夏季差异小于5倍(除9-硝基蒽),反映出硝基多环芳烃生成主要与机动车尾气排放有关,其排放不受季节控制,这与实际情况是吻合的.此外,基于因子分析和化合物比值结果发现,太原城区大气PM_(2.5)中9-硝基蒽有来自周边地区木材燃烧的贡献.健康风险评价结果表明,必须对多环芳烃排放进行有效控制来降低人群在冬季大气中的暴露风险;对于硝基多环芳烃,其健康风险更要引起足够的重视.     

Distribution and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from an urban river basin at the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil

The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in surface sediment samples from nine sites located at the Iguac?u River Basin in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil to evaluate their distribution and sources. The total concentration of the PAHs was greater for sediments from highly urbanized areas, while the sediments from the Ira′? Environmental Protection Area (Ira′? EPA) showed significantly low concentrations. The sediments from the Iguac?u and Barigui rivers were classified as highly contaminated, while those from the Cercado and Curralinho rivers were classified as moderately contaminated. The predominance of PAHs containing two to four aromatic rings in most of the samples suggested the direct input of raw sewage into the water resources evaluated. Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were predominant in sediments from the areas under the greatest urban and industrial development. The correlation between thermodynamic stability and the kinetics of evolution presented by the isomeric pairs indicated that combustion is the predominant source of PAHs in the sediments because the combustion of fossil fuels affected most of the points evaluated, followed by combustion of biomass and eventually combustion of oil product inputs. In general, the results showed that areas under strong urban influence, as well as the Ira′? EPA, receive contributions of PAHs from similar sources.     

提取时间对提取原煤中多环芳烃的影响

以淮北煤田气肥煤和夹矸样品为研究对象,以CH₂Cl₂为溶剂,采用超声提取法(提取时间为10,20和30 min)和索氏提取法(提取时间为24,48和72 h)提取其中可抽提有机物,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定提取液中美国环境保护局(USEPA)优控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,来对比不同抽提时间对提取原煤中PAHs含量和分布特征的影响,为优化原煤中PAHs的提取条件提供理论依据.研究表明:淮北煤田样品中可抽提USEPA优控PAHs以菲为主,其含量占16种PAHs总量的40.0%～65.5%;夹矸样品中可抽提PAHs含量并不因其有机质含量低而明显低于原煤样品,夹矸中PAHs的迁移特征需引起关注.在实验条件下,提取原煤中PAHs,超声提取时间应选取30 min,索氏提取时间法应选取24 h.      

武汉城区土壤剖面多环芳烃的分布特征及来源分析

研究分析了位于武汉市城区附近的南望山土壤剖面样品.表层土壤检测到了美国EPA优控的16种多环芳烃,含量为991 ng/g.之外还检测到了联苯、苯并[e]芘、苝、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、惹烯以及一些多环芳烃的烷基取代物.多环芳烃含量随着深度的增加急剧降低.表层土壤以萤蒽、苯并萤蒽、芘、苯并[a]芘等为主,菲次之.与高环相...     

辽东湾大气中多环芳烃的含量组成及气粒分配

2016年5月和8月对辽东湾大气环境中气相和颗粒相样品进行了走航和定点采集,并对24种PAHs在气相和颗粒相中的含量和组成进行探讨,对15种PAHs的气粒分配过程进行了分析.结果表明：5月和8月辽东湾大气气相和颗粒相中∑₂₄PAHs总平均含量分别为28.8 ng·m^-3和24.0 ng·m^-3,气相中∑₂₄PAHs含量5月小于8月,颗粒态∑₂₄PAHs含量5月大于8月,低分子量PAHs主要分布在气相中,高分子量PAHs组分主要分布在颗粒相,中等分子量PAHs的气粒分配更容易受到气温等环境条件影响;气粒分配系数K_p随着PAHs分子量增加而增加;lgK_p-lgP_L模型和lgK_p-lgK_OA模型的斜率m分别为-0.35和0.37,偏离平衡态m为-1或+1,辽东湾气粒分配未达到平衡;假设达到平衡态时的lgK_p-lgK_OA模型、lgK_p-lgP_L模型和碳黑-空气模型均表明,5环PAHs的模型预测结果与实际测定结果之间的吻合程度较好,15种PAHs的碳黑-空气模型能够更好地接近野外实际测定值,低分子量和中等分子量PAHs的气粒分配受到碳黑影响较大.     

废旧汽车拆解区土壤中多环芳烃垂向分布特性

研究分析了废旧汽车拆解区土壤剖面的美国EPA优控的16种多环芳烃的纵向分布.结果表明,表层土壤中16种多环芳烃总含量达到了17 323 ng·g-1,其中芘(Pyr)、苯并[a]蒽(BaA)、芴(Flu)含量最高,分别达到11 820、1 234和1 083 ng·g-1.汽车拆解区表面和土壤深度为10 cm的土壤均达到了重度污染级别;深度在50~350 cm之间的土壤为轻度至中度污染,当土壤深度超过400 cm,土壤基本未受到污染.但是,7种致癌性PAHs(Chr、BaA、BbF、BkF、BaP、DahA、IcdP)总量在土壤深度达到850 cm时仍有34.15 ng·g-1.随着土壤深度的增大,多环芳烃含量急剧降低,当土壤深度超过300 cm,三环的菲(Phe)、荧蒽(Fl)和二氢苊(Ace)成为优势组分.土壤剖面菲(Phe)/蒽(Ant)比值和荧蒽(Fla)/芘(Pyr)、Fluo/Pyr、BaA/(BaA+Chr)等参数表明,土壤表面的多环芳烃主要来源于石油污染.     

PM2.5 characterization of primary and secondary organic aerosols in two urban-industrial areas in the East Mediterranean

Primary and secondary organic aerosols in PM_2.5 were investigated over a one-year campaign at Zouk Mikael and Fiaa, Lebanon. The n-alkanes concentrations were quite similar at both sites (26-29 ng/m³) and mainly explained by anthropogenic emissions rather than natural ones. The concentrations of total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were nearly three times higher at Zouk Mikael (2.56 ng/m³) compared to Fiaa (0.95 ng/m³), especially for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene linked to the presence of the power plant. A characteristic indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene + benzo[g,h,i]perylene) ratio in the range 0.8-1.0 was determined for heavy fuel oil combustion from the power plant. Fatty acids and hopanes were also investigated and were assigned to cooking activities and vehicular emissions respectively. Phthalates were identified for the first time in Lebanon with high concentrations at Zouk and Fiaa (106.88 and 97.68 ng/m³ respectively). Moreover, the biogenic secondary aerosols revealed higher concentrations in summer. The total terpene concentration varied between 131 ng/m³ at Zouk Mikael in winter to 469 ng/m³ at Fiaa in summer. Additionnally, the concentrations of the dicarboxylic acids especially for adipic and phthalic acids were more influenced by anthropogenic sources.The analysis of molecular markers and diagnostic ratios indicated that the sites were strongly affected by anthropogenic sources such as waste open burning, diesel private generators, cooking activities, road transport, power plant, and industrial emissions. Moreover, results showed different pattern during winter and summer seasons. Whereas, higher concentrations of biogenic markers were clearly encountered during the summer period.     

德州、北京重污染过程PM2.5中PAHs污染特征及来源分析

为探讨华北地区秋冬季重污染过程PM_2.5（细颗粒物）中PAHs（多环芳烃）的污染水平、分布特征及来源,分别采集2018年11月17日—2019年1月19日德州市和北京市PM_2.5样品,利用气相色谱-质谱法测量两个站点6次重污染过程中26种PAHs浓度水平,分析PAHs污染特征、分子组成分布及其来源,并利用毒性当量因子估算了PAHs毒性.结果表明:①6次重污染过程中,德州站点∑₂₆PAHs浓度为62~191 ng/m3,北京站点为61~129 ng/m3.②单位质量PM_2.5中PAHs的浓度北京站点更高.③两个站点PAHs分子组成分布较为一致,萘、蒽、芴等低分子量的PAHs浓度较低,高分子量PAHs浓度较高,浓度最高的分别为苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、苯并[a]蒽和甲基荧蒽等.④特征比值结果显示,PAHs来源包括柴油车尾气、燃煤和生物质燃烧,德州站点受生物质燃烧影响更为显著.⑤毒性当量计算结果表明,德州站点毒性当量浓度（TEQ）高于北京站点,6次重污染过程中两个站点PAHs的TEQ平均值在6.5~17.2 ng/m3之间,低于国内其他一些地区,但苯并[a]芘的浓度在5.2~13.1 ng/m3之间,超过了GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》日均值的标准限值（2.5 ng/m3）,对人体健康存在潜在危害.研究显示:秋冬季重污染过程中,北京站点单位质量PM_2.5中PAHs的浓度较高,两个点位PAHs分子组成分布特征及来源较为相似,且均对人体健康存在潜在危害;应进一步加强对PAHs浓度水平的控制,这不仅有利于持续改善PM_2.5污染,也有助于减轻人体潜在的健康风险.      

厦门市冬春季灰霾期间大气PM10中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源分析

采集了厦门市冬春季(2008-12-04～2009-03-20)湖里工业区和大嶝岛旅游区大气PM10样品,用GC-MS定量了PM10负载的19种多环芳烃(PAHs),并结合采样期间气象资料对灰霾期和非灰霾期多环芳烃的差异特征进行对比分析.结果表明,冬春季采样期内,厦门市大气PM10中PAHs的浓度变化范围为12.93～79.27 ng.m-3,平均42.28 ng.m-3,比2004年冬季增长近3倍.灰霾期间PM10中PAHs总的质量浓度明显高于非灰霾期,并且灰霾期间低分子量组分菲、荧蒽和芘的质量分数显著下降,高分子量组分苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧、苯并[a]芘、苝、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、苯并[ghi]苝和晕苯的质量分数相对升高.采用特征化合物比值、主成分分析与多元线性回归对来源与贡献率进行了分析和估算.灰霾期间识别出3类污染源:机动车尾气排放+天然气燃烧、煤燃烧和焦炉排放,其贡献率分别为62.7%、28.1%和9.2%;非灰霾期间同样识别出这3类污染源,其贡献率分别为48.6%、36.9%和14.5%.表明厦门市冬春季灰霾期间PM10中PAHs受本地源排放影响相对较多,非灰霾期间受北方燃煤长距离传输影响更显著.     

港口地区大气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征及来源分析

为探究港口地区污染大气中多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染特征和潜在来源,以青岛港为研究对象,于2018年8月至2019年5月期间采集了4个季节的PM_2.5样品（n=59）,分析了PM_2.5中PAHs的季节变化和组成特征,使用相关性分析探索了气象因素对PAHs浓度的影响,并采用正定矩阵因子分解和潜在来源贡献函数模型对潜在来源进行解析.结果表明,ρ（PAHs）平均值为（8.11±12.31） ng·m^-3,秋冬季节高于春夏季节.PAHs的季节性分子组成相似,以4~5环PAHs （75.43%）为主.荧蒽、苯并［e］芘、苯并［a］蒽、菲、芘和䓛是研究区域PAHs的优势物种,这与船舶尾气中主要化合物组成相似.相关性分析表明,PAHs浓度与温度和相对湿度呈极显著负相关,与大气压和风向呈极显著正相关,与风速的相关性较差.PMF分析提取出6个贡献因子,结果表明,青岛港地区受航运排放（28.83%）影响最大,其次是机动车排放（20.49%）以及原油挥发（13.47%）等,夏季受航运排放影响最大.PSCF结果表明,京津冀、环渤海和鲁北地区是远距离传输的主要来源区域.     

室内多环芳烃污染源的化学组成特征研究

运用环境舱模拟源排放的方法采集了烹调油烟与环境烟草烟雾的样本,对18种PAHs进行了定量分析.比较了不同食用油与不同品牌香烟产生PAHs组成特征的差异,初步建立了2类室内PAHs来源的化学成分谱.结果表明:烹调油烟中3环以下的PAHs为主体,Fluo,Pyr和Flu相对含量较为稳定;香烟烟雾以3～4环组分为主体,Flu,Phe,InP和BaA较为稳定,Cor含量较烹调油烟而言显著增加.2类源的ρ(BaA)/ρ(Chy),ρ(BeP)/ρ(BaP)与ρ(InP)/ρ(BghiP)稳定且存在显著差异,可以用来解析室内PAHs以及PAHs暴露的来源.运用等效毒理学因子估算了其危害程度,结果表明:每100 g食用油在烹调过程(60 min)中释放产生PAHs的毒理学效应仅为吸烟过程中每g烟草所产生PAHs毒理效应的一半.      

Emissions of particulate matter and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from agricultural diesel engine fueled with degummed, deacidified mixed crude palm oil blends

Mixed crude palm oil(MCPO),the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil,has become of great interest as a renewable energy source.It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits.In the present work,the degummed,deacidified MCPO was blended in petroleum diesel at portions of 30% and 40% by volume and then tested in agricultural diesel engines for long term usage.The particulates from the exhaust of the engines were collected every 500 hr using a four-stage cascade air sampler.The 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters for the first three stages were 10,2.5 and 1μm,while the last stage collected all particles smaller than 1μm.Sixteen particle bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography.The results indicated that the size distribution of particulate matter was in the accumulation mode and the pattern of total PAHs associated with fine-particles(< 1μm) showed a dominance of larger molecular weight PAHs(4-6 aromatic rings),especially pyrene.The mass median diameter,PM and total PAH concentrations decreased when increasing the palm oil content,but increased when the running hours of the engine were increased.In addition,Commercial petroleum diesel(PB0) gave the highest value of carcinogenic potency equivalent(BaP eq) for all particle size ranges.As the palm oil was increased,the BaP eq decreased gradually.Therefore the degummed-deacidified MCPO blends are recommended for diesel substitute.     

河北邯郸钢铁冶炼区周边麦田土和小麦籽粒的多环芳烃含量及其组分谱特征

在大型邯郸钢铁公司周边不同样区的麦田成对采集表层土壤和成熟的小麦籽粒样品,检测US EPA优控的16种母体多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的浓度和组分谱,确定当地麦田表土PAHs的空间分布特征、与总有机碳TOC分数的相关性.由此,初步开展PAHs源解析,并简单探讨小麦籽粒PAHs与表土PAHs的关联性.结果表明,麦田表土总PAHs平均中位数含量为398.9 ng·g-1(范围123.4~1 626.4 ng·g-1),根据丹麦的土壤质量标准,所有表土样品中PAHs总含量超过限值占18%,而苯并[a]芘含量超过限值的样品占总数的10%.表土PAHs组分谱以中、高环组分为主体.利用同分异构体特征比值进行初步源解析,显示煤与生物质燃烧和交通燃油(尾气)是当地PAHs主要混合排放源.各样区麦田表土TOC分数与PAHs总含量、与不同环数组分含量都呈现类似的显著正相关.邯郸钢铁公司周边麦田小麦籽粒的总PAHs平均中位数含量为27.0 ng·g-1(范围19.0~34.0 ng·g-1),PAHs含量较低且未超过欧盟与国内的相关食品卫生标准.小麦籽粒中优势低环组分占总体的84%,其组分谱分布与麦田表土有所不同,显示小麦籽粒的PAHs除去根部吸收、传输外,还存在大气干湿沉降通过叶表(气孔)进入小麦体内等其它输入途径.     

Effect of central ventilation and air conditioner system on the concentration and health risk from airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Central ventilation and air conditioner systems are widely utilized nowadays in public places for air exchange and temperature control,which significantly influences the transfer of pollutants between indoors and outdoors.To study the effect of central ventilation and air conditioner systems on the concentration and health risk from airborne pollutants,a spatial and temporal survey was carried out using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as agent pollutants.During the period when the central ventilation system operated without air conditioning (AC-off period),concentrations of 2-4 ring PAHs in the model supermarket were dominated by outdoor levels,due to the good linearity between indoor air and outdoor air (rp>0.769,p<0.05),and the slopes (1.2-4.54) indicated that ventilating like the model supermarket increased the potential health risks from low molecular weight PAHs.During the period when the central ventilation and air conditioner systems were working simultaneously (AC-on period),although the total levels of PAHs were increased,the concentrations and percentage of the particulate PAHs indoors declined significantly.The BaP equivalency (BaPeq) concentration indicated that utilization of air conditioning reduced the health risks from PAHs in the model supermarket.