铝改性粉煤灰漂珠材料吸附水中氟的性能研究

采用湿法+干法制备铝改性漂珠材料,借助静态吸附实验研究吸附剂用量、pH值、共存离子、反应时间和反应温度对去除水溶液中氟离子性能的影响,并对实验数据进行吸附等温线和动力学拟合。结果表明:铝改性漂珠材料吸附水中氟离子的最佳pH值为3;最佳吸附剂用量2.5 g/L;共存离子影响由强到弱的顺序为H2PO4-,SO42-和NO3-的混合物﹥H2PO4-﹥SO42-﹥NO3-;在温度298 K、吸附剂用量2.5 g/L、pH值为3和反应时间24 h的条件下,最大吸附容量约10.2 mg/g;吸附等温线符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

粉煤灰漂珠保温材料的性能研究

本文对以粉煤灰漂珠为主要原料，加适当添加物和粘结剂而研制的保温材料的性能进行了研究。主要包括添加物和粘结剂的种类及含量对保温材料性能的影响．以对保温材料的耐水耐酸性能等     

粉煤灰漂珠活化处理废水的研究

叙述了用H2 SO4 活化制作粉煤灰活性漂珠的工艺及活化漂珠对有机物和无机离子吸附的机理 ;通过活化漂珠对废水中CODcr的吸附去除试验 ,分析了影响其吸附性能的各种因素 ;比较了H2 SO4 和ZnCl2 活化漂珠的吸附性能 ;实验研究了活化漂珠对废水中CODcr的吸附容量和金属离子的吸附效率 ,得到了较满意的结果     

粉煤灰提取漂珠的试验研究

本文简要地叙述了粉煤灰中漂珠的特性和用途。根据漂珠的物理特性,利用简单易行的漂浮办法,成功地从粉煤灰中提出漂珠。该项目总投资2万元,投运一个月便获产值2.475万元,并减少向江河排放悬浮物75t。     

响应曲面分析优化改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中氟的吸附性能及机理研究

为提升粉煤灰漂珠对水溶液中氟的吸附性能,以氧化钙为原料,采用煅烧法制备钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附材料.通过响应曲面分析中的Box-Behnken设计吸附氟试验,探讨各吸附因数及其交互作用对吸附效果的影响,确定最佳吸附条件.利用SEM（扫描电镜）、EDS（能量散射光谱）、XRD（X射线衍射）以及BET比表面积等手段对吸附材料进行表征,并结合吸附动力学、吸附等温试验探讨钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附剂的除氟机制.结果表明:①初始ρ（F-）和吸附温度对改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附水中F-的去除率有显著影响,当pH为5.0、初始ρ（F-）为125 mg/L、吸附温度为40℃时,改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中F-的吸附效果最佳.②动力学试验显示,改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中F-的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,说明该吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主;与Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型相比,Temkin吸附等温模型更适合于描述该吸附平衡过程.③SEM、EDS和BET比表面积分析显示,改性后的粉煤灰漂珠内部生成了具有不规则表面和多孔结构的含钙团簇物质,从而增加了BET比表面积,改善了孔隙结构.XRD分析显示,钙改性粉煤灰漂珠主要通过离子交换作用吸附去除水中的F-.研究显示,以工业废物为原料制备的钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附剂的最大除氟率为93.59%,是一种具有应用潜力的低成本吸附材料.      

从粉煤灰中回收炭粉和漂珠的生产实践

<正> 1 前言粉煤灰是火力发电厂排放的一种工业废物,综合回收其中的炭粉、漂珠等有用物质是粉煤灰综合利用的一项重要内容。秦岭发电厂在这方面进行了多年的生产实践,目前采用的工艺流程如图1所示,主要经过两道工序:一是从设计的分离池中捞出漂珠和炭粉     

漂珠的收集,提纯及利用

漂珠是粉煤灰中一种比重小于1,浮于水面的空心玻璃珠,它在粉煤灰中的含量一般只占0.5％左右,由于它具有质轻、壁薄、耐高温等特性,用它制成的各种保温耐火材料,节能效果显著。目前许多电厂都是采用人工或机械方法收集漂珠。我厂自1989年以来,自行收集漂珠以及对漂珠进行提纯和开发利用,取得了较为可观的经济效益和社会效益。一、漂珠的收集 1.我厂收集漂珠的方法有两种。一是在厂内建漂珠浮洗池进行收集。1989年,我厂先在9号炉(400t/     

粉煤灰改性吸附材料的研究

分析了粉煤灰改性的物质基础，阐述了当前改性的主要方法，在此基础上，笔者用燃烧、Na(OH)2溶液改性粉煤灰制得类沸石吸附剂的比表面积为112.6m^2／g、孔隙率为83.1％，是改性前的40.22和1.67倍。用此类沸石吸附剂来处理浓度为200mg／1的模拟含铅废水，去除率为84．87％、吸附容量为33.94mg／g，分别是改性前的31．13、3.13倍，处理效果优于市售一级活性炭。并用0.1M的HCl溶液和饱和NaCl溶液再生此吸附剂，解吸率达到了98％以上，此再生的类沸石吸附剂处理含铅废水的去除率也达到了83％以上。另外也研究了用酸改性粉煤灰来处理造纸废水，并设计了工艺流程、确定了工艺参数，处理效果令人满意。最后提出了当前应用改性粉煤灰处理废水和废气中存在的问题及今后研究的重点。     

改性粉煤灰对沼液中氨氮吸附动力学研究

采用自制的改性粉煤灰为吸附材料,对沼液中氨氮进行吸附动力学研究。考察了沼液pH值、吸附时间和吸附剂投加量对吸附过程的影响。研究表明:在pH为7.0,吸附时间为30 min,改性粉煤灰的投加量为0.013 g/mL时,吸附效果较好。此吸附过程可用二级吸附动力学方程较好地描述,该过程的吸附速率主要受液膜扩散过程的阻力影响。     

Vapor-phase elemental mercury adsorption by residual carbon separated from fly ash

Introduction The impact of mercury on the environment and thephysiological health of human is well documented(Laudal,2000; Poissant, 2002; Galbreath, 2000; Palusova, 1991).Mercury, especially methyl mercury, has high affinities forfatty tissue…     

粉煤灰陶粒对废水中磷酸盐的吸附试验研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料制成粉煤灰陶粒,研究其对废水中磷酸盐的去除情况.同时,考察了影响粉煤灰陶粒吸附磷酸盐的主要因素及平衡吸附量,并对其进行吸附等温模型拟合分析.结果表明,粉煤灰陶粒对磷酸盐的去除率随粉煤灰陶粒投加量的增大而增加,较高的磷酸盐初始浓度可以加快磷酸盐的吸附.在较宽pH(4～10)范围内,均能呈现较好的磷酸盐去...     

Kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption of dissolved organic matter fractions from secondary effluent by fly ash

Fly ash was used as a low-cost adsorbent for removing dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent. Batch experiments were conducted under various adsorbent dosages, pH, contact time, temperatures and DOM fractional characteristics. Under the optimum conditions of fly ash dosage of 15 g/L, temperature of 303 K and contact time of 180 min, a removal of 22.5% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 23.7% of UV-254, 25.9% of the trihalomethanes precursors in secondary effluent was obtained. The adsorption of DOM fractions onto fly ash all followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, and the hydrophilic fraction adsorption by fly ash also fitted the intraparticle diffusion model quite well. Freundlich and Langmuir models were applicable to the fly ash adsorption and their constants were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorptions revealed that fly ash was more effective in adsorbing hydrophilic fraction than the acidic fractions. Structure changes of the DOM fractions after fly ash adsorption were also characterized via spectrum analyzing. Those mechanisms presented critical step toward improved efficiencies of fly ash adsorption via further surface-modification.     

Effects of solution chemistry on arsenic(Ⅴ) removal by low-cost adsorbents

Natural and anthropogenic arsenic （As） contamination of water sources pose serious health concerns, especially for small communities in rural areas. This study assessed the applicability of three industrial byproducts （coal fly ash, lignite, and green waste compost） as the low-cost adsorbents for As（V） removal under various field-relevant conditions （dissolved oxygen, As（V）/Fe ratio, solution pH, and presence of competing species）. The physico-chemical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by XRD, XRF, FT-IR, and NMR analysis. Batch experiments demonstrated that coal fly ash could provide effective As（V） removal （82.1%-95%） because it contained high content of amorphous iron/aluminium hydroxides for As（V） adsorption and dissolvable calcium minerals for calcium arsenate precipitation. However, the addition of lignite and green waste compost was found unfavourable since they hindered the As（V） removal by 10%-42% possibly due to dissolution of organic matter and ternary arsenate-iron-organic matter complexes. On the other hand, higher concentrations of dissolved iron （comparing As（V）/Fe ratios of 1：1 and 1：10） and dissolved oxygen （comparing 0.2 and 6 mg/L） only marginally enhanced the As（V） removal at pH 6 and 8. Thus, addition of dissolved iron, water aeration, or pH adjustment became unnecessary because coal fly ash was able to provide effective As（V） removal under the natural range of geochemical conditions. Moreover, the presence of low levels of background competing （0.8 or 8 mg/L of humic acid, phosphate, and silicate） imposed little influence on As（V） removal, possibly because the high adsorption capacity of coal fly ash was far from exhaustion. These results suggested that coal fly ash was a potentially promising adsorbent that warranted further investigation.     

载镧生物炭的优化制备及其对水体中砷的吸附

以玉米秸秆为原材料优化制备用于吸附水体中五价砷的载镧生物炭(La-biochar),对其表面进行了系统表征,同时考察了环境条件对载镧生物炭吸附性能的影响.结果表明:相比负载前生物炭,负载后生物炭表面更粗糙,比表面积增大4.6倍,同时表面成功负载有大量镧元素.以获取对五价砷的最大吸附能力为目的,通过响应面模型获得La-biochar的优化制备条件为:物料比w(La)/w(秸秆)=9.47%,停留时间=20min,热解温度=300oC.中性和酸性环境条件有利于La-biochar对砷酸根的吸附,而碱性条件则有不利影响;较高浓度的CO32-显著降低其对砷酸根吸附,而同样浓度的Cl-和F-不会造成明显影响.     

Mercury removal from coal combustion flue gas by modified fly ash

Fly ash is a potential alternative to activated carbon for mercury adsorption. The effects of physicochemical properties on the mercury adsorption performance of three fly ash samples were investigated. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and other methods were used to characterize the samples. Results indicate that mercury adsorption on fly ash is primarily physisorption and chemisorption. High specific surface areas and small pore diameters are beneficial to efficient mercury removal. Incompletely burned carbon is also an important factor for the improvement of mercury removal efficiency, in particular. The C-M bond, which is formed by the reaction of C and Ti, Si and other elements, may improve mercury oxidation. The samples modified with CuBr2 , CuCl 2 and FeCl3 showed excellent performance for Hg removal, because the chlorine in metal chlorides acts as an oxidant that promotes the conversion of elemental mercury (Hg0) into its oxidized form (Hg2+). Cu2+ and Fe3+ can also promote Hg 0 oxidation as catalysts. HCl and O2 promote the adsorption of Hg by modified fly ash, whereas SO2 inhibits the Hg adsorption because of competitive adsorption for active sites. Fly ash samples modified with CuBr2 , CuCl2 and FeCl3 are therefore promising materials for controlling mercury emissions.     

Use of zeolitized coal fly ash in the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution

Discharge of wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphate can cause eutrophication. Therefore, the development of an efficient material for the immobilization of the nutrients is important. In this study, a low calcium fly ash and high calcium fly ash were converted into zeolite using the hydrothermal method. The removal of ammonium and phosphate that coexist in aqueous solution by the synthesized zeolites were studied. The results showed that zeolitized fly ash could efficiently eliminate ammonium and phosphate at the same time. Saturation of zeolite with Ca²⁺ rather than Na⁺ favored the removal of both ammonium and phosphate because the cation exchange reaction by the NH₄ ⁺ resulted in the release of Ca²⁺ into the solution and precipitation of Ca²⁺ with PO₄ ³⁻ followed. An increase in the temperature elevated the immobilization of phosphate whereas it abated the removal of ammonium. Nearly 60% removal efficiency for ammonium was achieved in the neutral pH range from 5.5 to 10.5, while the increase or decrease in pH out of the neutral range lowered the adsorption. In contrast, the removal of phosphate approached 100% at a pH lower than 5.0 or higher than 9.0, and less phosphate was immobilized at neutral pH. However, there was still a narrow pH range from 9.0 to 10.5 favoring the removal of both ammonium and phosphate. It was concluded that the removal of ammonium was caused by cation exchange; the contribution of NH₃ volatilization to immobilization at alkaline conditions (up to pH level of 11.4) was limited. With respect to phosphate immobilization, the mechanism was mainly the formation of precipitate as Ca₃(PO₄)₂ within the basic pH range or as FePO₄ and AlPO₄ within acidic pH range.     

粉煤灰提铝中间产物合成4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附行为研究

采用粉煤灰提铝中间产物合成4A分子筛,利用XRD、SEM、热重分析、化学成分分析、阳离子交换容量对4A分子筛进行表征.考察吸附时间、pH、分子筛投加量、氨氮初始浓度、共存阳离子对其吸附性能的影响,研究其对模拟废水中氨氮的吸附效果,并结合准二级动力学方程、吸附等温线研究吸附性能和机理.结果表明,初始浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)、4A分子筛投加量为5 g·L~(-1)、pH值为6~9、吸附时间为80 min时氨氮去除率可达71.34%;随着氨氮初始浓度升高,其去除率降低,吸附容量增加;共存阳离子Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)对NH_4~+有强烈的竞争吸附,Mg~(2+)无明显竞争作用.吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich模型.Langmuir吸附等温线显示最大吸附容量为20 mg·g~(-1).     

粉煤灰合成NaA型沸石对重金属离子的吸附动力学

以粉煤灰为原料,采用两步法合成了单一沸石矿物种的NaA型沸石,对合成产物的结构和性能进行了表征.通过静态吸附实验,研究了NaA型沸石对水溶液中Cu(ΙΙ)、Cr(Ⅵ)和Zn(ΙΙ)离子的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理.结果表明,在所研究的浓度和pH值条件下,NaA型沸石对3种重金属的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,静态饱和吸附量(Qm)分别为82.30,65.96,47.78mg/g;3种金属离子在水溶液中的存在方式和大小是影响它们吸附行为的主要因素,通过动边界模型推算表明:NaA型沸石对Cu(ΙΙ)和Zn(ΙΙ)离子的吸附过程的速度控制步骤为液膜扩散,对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附过程的速度控制步骤为颗粒扩散,3种金属离子的吸附过程符合伪二级方程.