无评价标准的噪声也要管！

<正>2019年5月10日，朱某与陕西中驰实业发展有限公司旬阳分公司（以下简称“中驰实业旬阳分公司”）签订《商品房买卖合同》，购买中驰实业公司旬阳分公司开发的位于陕西旬阳市某大厦的商品房一套。2019年9月，朱某入住该商品房后发现，在该房屋内能听到低频噪声，让人产生耳鸣、目眩、头晕头疼、焦躁不安等不良反应，对朱某及家人的正常生活造成影响。因朱某与中驰实业旬阳分公司协商解决未果，便拨打市长热线反映问题。2019年12月23日，     

建立商品房抗震安全监管体系的思考

在城市建设高速发展的今天,商品房日益增多。然而,商品房的抗震设防现状却令人不容乐观。本文通过认真分析商品房抗震安全监管存在的种种问题,提出了相关对策措施,旨在引起人们的重视并加以解决。     

大力发展农村商品房建设

为了保护农村土地资源,苏州市昆山县城北乡积极探索农房商品化路子,目前已建成商品房一万多平方米,150户农户搬进了美观整洁的新居。随着农村商品经济的发展,农民生活水平的提高,迫切要求改善居住条件,出现了“建房热”。由于缺乏统一的规划和管理,滥占土地、布局混乱、装饰简陋,影响了村容村貌。针对这些问题,该乡于1986年成立了住宅建设公司,为农民建造商品房。在建房中,实行了统一规划、统一设计、统一征地、统一施工,因此住宅设计美观合理,配套设施齐全,土地也大大节约,原来每户建     

住宅建筑的日照环境分析

根据日照理论,分析了住宅建筑在无遮挡情况下的日照变化和有遮挡情况下不同布局、水平位置以及楼层对日照的影响.住宅建筑的日照环境分析对于在住宅小区的规划设计工作中、房地产公司向客户提供商品房日照指标等方面有着重要的意义.     

湖臭了谁负责？

近日，陕西省西安市公布造28个人工湖的计，划，拟斥资百亿打造“八水绕长安、九湖映古城”盛景，被称为西安“造湖运动”。而在百湖之市武汉，却因近10年的“填湖运动”，湖泊面积减少约1万亩。多水的城市填湖，缺水的城市造湖，城市管理者果真魄力十足、创意无限。他们大刀阔斧地给城市改头换面，这动辄几百亿元的投资从哪来，又如何产生回报？武汉填湖的“金主”比较明确，自然就是那些房地产商。填湖得来的土地，几乎均被价格不菲的商品房楼盘盘踞。而西安大动干戈要造湖，显然也不可能单纯是为了实现恢复历史美景的梦想。数据显示，西安市去年的财政收入刚刚突破200亿元，而为了建造28湖的宏伟目标，西安从2012年下半年开始将投入600亿元用于水系生态建设。显然，西安造湖的大笔资金，很大一部分最终还要依靠卖地盖房的钱来凑。说白了，这仍然是一种土地财政依赖，只不过是换了一身更光鲜的外衣罢了。     

清代前期政府与京城房产市场

清军攻入北京后,在内城实行住房国有分配制度,在外城仍然延续着商品房市场制度。国有分配制度不断受到市场的冲击,得到住房的旗人也深深地被市场所诱惑。在房价方面,内城房价是政府定价与市场价格相辅相成,官房价格由政府主导,民间私房价格以市场来调控;外城则完全是由市场价格机制进行调节。这种双轨制最终以政府放弃国有制而崩溃。清朝二百多年来的京城房地产发展轨迹表明不论是政府控制住房分配的制度,还是完全依靠房产市场调节的机制,都不能独立解决住房不均的问题。     

我省著名游览圣地──韩城司马迁祠墓

今年元月上旬，我们来到韩城的司马迁饲墓。由于天刚刚下过一场小雪，远远望去，司马迁调墓身披淡淡的银装坐落在芝川镇南奕坡旁的悬壁上，显得分外娇挠和注目。那陡峭的山峰，四周围绕着雄伟的女墙，松柏覆盖，技柯扶疏，郁郁苍苍，其建筑群整齐紧凑，犹如一座古城堡，看上去雄浑庄重。她东濒黄河，西枕梁山，山河映带，气势壮观。司马迁词墓建筑群，自坡下至顶端，依崖就势，层递而上，共分四台。台与台之间有石级相连，阶梯旺道，共99级之多。来到司马词墓前，首先映入眼帘的是题有“汉太史司马调”的木牌坊。穿过牌坊，缓坡上行，经太公…     

北极冰化学元素含量及其分布

报道了北极冰主要化学元素的浓度分布及其变化，在测定的３１种成分中，高于仪器检测限的１０种元素Ｂ，Ｍｇ，Ｖ，Ａｓ，Ｒｂ，ＳＤｒ，Ｃａ，Ｋ，Ｓ，Ｎａ的硬度被用来统计分析。结果表明，同一地区，元素浓度相对稳定，不同地区浓度有较大差异。元素浓度与纬度关系的相关分析显示，随纬度增加，各元素显降低。     

对中国城市环境地质工作的思考

本文回顾了国内外城市地质工作的发展历程，阐述了中国城市地质工人的发展方向和重点工作领域。指出城市地质工作必须服务于城市（城市群，经济开发区）的规划，建设和管理，为城市社会经济可持续发展，减灾防灾提供具有针对性，实用性和超前性的基础地质资料和成果。由于中国城市的规模，性质，自然资源承载力，地质环境特征不同，城市环境地质调查，评价的对象，内容也将有所差异。归纳起来，城市地质的重点工作领域为：城市可持续发展，城市可持续发展的资源开发战略与对策，城市地质环境容量及脆弱性分析。城市地质灾害：城市地质灾害风险，影响面，易损性及对灾害的反应，城市环境变化的地质指标体系，城市环境地质综合研究：城市环境地质调查评价的新理论，新方法，新技术，城市环境地质图纱的编制。数字城市环境地质：GIS平台上的地质空间数据库，城市地质环境动态分析，评价，决策系统和地质灾害预警预报系统。     

鬼斧神工红石峡

红石峡位于陕西榆林城北3公里的红石崖上。榆溪河自内蒙蜿蜒入陕，水势湍急，穿峡直达城西。公元1472年，明成化八年，副都御史余子俊巡抚延绥，驻榆林，凿石为渠，引水由西而南，与无定河合流，定名“榆溪河”。渠成，夕阳东照，红石映日，分外耀眼，故名为“红石峡”。峡东西对峙，峭拔宏伟，故又称“雄石峡”。峡分南北两段，南段又东西两壁对峙，雄伟壮观，秀美旖旎，为塞北难得的一处游览胜境。早年，此峡两壁中分，上部天然湖泊，下部瀑布飞流直下。明代就此建坝，截榆溪河北来之水西流，穿西壁石窟而下，水石相击，如狮孔雷鸣，浪翻…     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.