三江源地区高寒草地土壤功能的水平分异特征及其沿发生层的垂直变化

三江源地区是研究土壤生态系统功能响应气候变化的热点区域.为了研究三江源地区高寒草地土壤剖面功能特征和驱动机制沿发生层的差异,分析了高寒草地土壤剖面不同发生层的土壤功能指标(包括呼吸、氮转化速率和酶活等)以及与环境因子之间的相关关系.结果表明,土壤功能特征在高寒草甸和高寒草原之间不存在显著差异,表层土相比于深层土具有更高的呼吸、氮转化速率和酶活.土壤理化性质中全氮含量是不同发生层土壤功能特征的关键驱动因子,分别解释了土壤功能特征18.3%、21.4%和27.5%的水平分异.气候和植被因子主要在表层土中通过改变土壤理化性质间接影响土壤功能,但是大气氮沉降在深层土中对土壤功能仍存在影响.结果显示,三江源地区高寒草地土壤表现出显著的氮受限特征,为全球气候变化背景下土壤功能多样性的维持和对气候变化的响应提供了新的见解.     

新丰江水库浮游植物功能分组特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了解新丰江水库的浮游植物功能群(Functional Group)特征及生态现状,2020～2021年逐月对新丰江水库的浮游植物群落结构和水体理化指标进行了调查分析.结果表明,水库主要水质指标达到国家《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ类标准.水库浮游植物可分为25个功能群,以A、D、E、F、J、K、L0、M、MP、NA、P、S...     

Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria

Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.     

天然高寒草地转变为混播人工草地对土壤微生物群落特征的影响

为了研究天然高寒草地转变为混播人工草地对土壤微生物群落的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了青海省共和县的天然以及由天然转变为混播人工草地样地土壤中的微生物群落.结果表明,天然草地转变为混播人工草地后植被物种多样性和土壤有机质含量显著下降(P<0.05).在两块样地共检测到29个细菌门和11个真菌门的微生物.天然草地转变为人工草地后,土壤细菌的多样性显著升高,细菌的香农指数从9.51增加到9.89;土壤真菌的多样性降低但差异不显著.与天然草地相比,人工草地的土壤细菌与真菌群落结构、组成均发生了明显的变化,细菌群落结构与总有机质的含量、总氮含量和土壤含水量显著相关,真菌群落结构与总有机质含量和土壤含水量显著相关.线性判别分析(LEfSe)结果表明,暗黑菌门细菌(Atribacteria)和子囊菌门真菌(Ascomycota)可作为天然草地的指示微生物类群,出芽菌属细菌(Gemmata)和发菌科真菌(Trichocomaceae)可作为人工草地的指示微生物类群.利用Tax4Fun2对细菌群落功能的预测发现,天然草地向人工草地的转变影响了细菌群落对不同碳源的利用潜力.     

Spatial analysis of plant detritus processing in a Mediterranean river type: the case of the River Tirso Basin,Sardinia, Italy

The river continuum concept represents the most general framework addressing the spatial variation of both structure and function in river ecosystems.In the Mediterranean ecoregion,summer drought events and dams constitute the main sources of local disturbance to the structure and functioning of river ecosystems occurring in the river basin.In this study,we analysed patterns of spatial variation of detritus processing in a 7th order river of the Mediterranean ecoregion(River Tirso,Sardinia0Italy)and in three 4th order sub-basins which were exposed to different summer drought pressures.The study was carried out on phragmites australis and Alnus glutionsa leaf detritus at 31 field sites in seasonal field experiment Detritus processing rates were higher for Alnus glutionsa than for Phragmites australis plant detritus.Processing rates of Alnus glutionsa leaves varied among seasons and study sites from 0.006d^-1 to 0.189d^-1 and those of Phragmites australis leaves ranged from 0.0008d^-1 to 0.102d^-1,with the lowest values occurring at sites exposed to summer drought.Seasons and sites accounted for a significant proportion of such variability.Alder detritus decay rates generally decreased with increasing stream order,while reed detritus decay rates generallyincreased on the same spatial gradient.Summer drought events affected these spatial patterns of variation by influencing significantly the decay rates of both plant detritus.The comparisons among and within sub-basins showed strong negative influence of summer drought on detritus processing rates.Similarly,in the entire River Tirso basin decay rates were always lower at disturbed than at undisturbed sites for each stream order;decay rates of reed detritus remained lower at those sites even after the end of the disturbance events,while alder decay rates recovered rapidly from the summer drought perturbations.The different recovery of the processing rates of the two leaves could also explain the different patterns of spatial variation observed between the two leaves.     

赣江流域浮游硅藻功能群多样性及其水期演替的驱动特征

为了摸清我国南方丰水型河流流域重要的环境指示类群——浮游硅藻的功能多样性及其环境驱动要素,以赣江流域为例,采用国际上普遍认可的雷氏(Reynolds)、博氏(Borics)和帕氏(Padisák)分类体系进行浮游硅藻类群的系统研究. 结果表明:赣江流域共发现11个浮游硅藻功能类群(包含122种硅藻),并以MP、P、D和L_O类群物种最丰富,全年以MP、P、C和D类群占优势,不同水文期浮游硅藻优势功能类群存在明显分异,表现为丰水期以MP类群占绝对优势,枯水期以C和MP类群占共优势,平水期以则以C类群占绝对优势. 多元逐步回归分析发现,与丰水期占优势的MP、P、C和D类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为纬度、ρ(Hg)、ρ(Zn)、pH和ρ(S2-),与枯水期占优势的C、MP、P和D类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为ρ(Pb)、ρ(Cr6+)、纬度、ρ(BOD₅)、ρ(N)、ρ(P)和ρ(CN-),与平水期占优势的C、P和MP类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为ρ(BOD₅)、ρ(Pb)、ρ(Hg)、ρ(Cd)和ρ(NH₄+-N)等.除趋势对应分析(DCA)和冗余分析结果显示,影响赣江流域浮游硅藻功能多样性的主要环境因子包括流域的经纬度、ρ(FC)(FC为粪大肠杆菌)、重金属含量〔ρ(Cu)、ρ(Pb)和ρ(Cr6+)〕、水位等(解释度达77.0%~90.4%). 研究显示,赣江流域浮游硅藻功能类群多样性及结构呈明显的季节性演替特征,南-中亚热带流域的纬度差异、气温的时空差异以及水位的水期波动、污染物年内排放节律等的共同作用会引起河流流域水体物理和化学生境的改变,这是促使浮游硅藻功能类群不同水期演替的重要原因.      

近30年青海三江源西部干旱区草地退化特征的遥感分析

使用自20世纪70年代末~2004年的3期遥感图像(70sMSS、90sTM和2004年TM/ETM),研究了近30年青海三江源西部干旱区草地退化的格局与过程,结果表明:整个研究时段内,草地退化发生面积占总草地面积的10%左右,且以草地覆盖度轻度下降为主,其退化面积占总草地退化面积的80%以上,其次是轻度沙化/盐化,相应比重占10%以上。草地退化面积呈东南向西北减少趋势,退化程度呈东南向西北降低格局,而退化类型也由复合型向单一型过渡。整个时段内,草地退化面积呈增加趋势,尤其是沙化面积增加较快。不同海拔、坡度和坡向间草地退化面积差异显著。海拔4 800~5 100m范围内为草地退化发生的主要分布区,4 500~4 800m和5 100m以上草地退化基本相当。退化率较高的坡度级别介于2~8°之间,类似于草地面积随坡度变化的基本趋势。不同坡向呈阴坡、半阴半阳坡高于阳坡的态势。脆弱的基底、极端气候年际间周期波动等限制性因子控制着草地退化的基本格局,人为扰动则决定草地退化的强度和速度。总体看来,研究区地带性自然条件决定的荒漠化草地已占据主导地位,人类活动相对较弱,草地退化程度增加趋势不明显,新的草地退化现象不十分突出。     

黄土高原不同植被覆盖下土壤有机碳的分布特征及其同位素组成研究

土壤有机碳（SOC）含量及其8^13C值随深度变化的趋势可以反映植物残体的输入及其在土壤中分解累积特征,有助于揭示SOC循环过程及规律。本研究以黄土高原不同植被类型覆盖条件下的黄土剖面为研究对象,通过测定土壤属性、SOC含量和植物优势种、枯枝落叶、土壤有机质的稳定同位素组成,对该区域SOC深度分布和有机质8”C值组成差...     

长白山毛赤杨和白桦/沼泽交错带植物多样性分布格局

采用样带网格调查方法和香农-威纳多样性指数分析方法,研究长白山毛赤杨、白桦/沼泽交错带和干扰白桦/沼泽交错带植物多样性水平分布和垂直分布格局。结果表明:①毛赤杨、白桦/沼泽交错群落植物多样性随着交错区环境梯度变化呈现出凸型水平分布格局,其植物多样性指数为相应地段森林群落的1.5倍,沼泽群落的2～3倍。干扰白桦/沼泽交错群落植物多样性随着交错区环境梯度变化呈现出凹型水平分布格局,其植物多样性指数仅相当于相应地段沼泽群落或森林群落的80%左右,仅为毛赤杨、白桦/沼泽交错群落的70%;②毛赤杨、白桦/沼泽交错群落植物多样性呈现“金字塔型”垂直分布格局,其垂直分布格局是草本层(5):灌木层(3):乔木层(1)。而干扰白桦/沼泽交错群落植物多样性垂直分布格局为草本层(5):灌木层(0.4):乔木层(1),并未呈现典型“金字塔型”分布。因此,人为经营活动不仅降低了森林/沼泽交错带植物多样性水平,也改变了其分布格局。     

不同类型施肥水平对甘南沙化高寒草甸植物群落特征及生产力的影响

以中度沙化高寒草甸为研究对象,研究了不同类型施肥水平对草地群落物种组成、多样性格局、群落结构及生产力的影响,旨在寻求不同类型施肥的最佳施肥水平。 结果表明:①在各个不同施肥水平处理中(除钾肥3个水平处理外),主要优势物种的重要值之间均有显著差异;②各物种多样性指标在有机肥3个水平处理和氮肥3个水平处理中均随施肥量增加而增大,而在磷肥3个水平处理和氮磷钾肥配施3个水平处理中均随施肥量增加显凸形变化趋势;③植被平均高度和4个功能群地上生物量在有机肥3个水平处理和氮肥3个水平处理中均随施肥量增加而增大,在磷肥3个水平处理和氮磷钾肥配施3个水平处理中均随施肥量增加显凸形变化趋势;④钾肥3个水平处理对物种组成、多样性变化、植被高度及地上生物量均没有极显著影响。 从草地生产力、群落结构的合理性以及群落的稳定性综合考虑,O3、P2、N3和N-P-K2是高寒沙化草甸施肥的最佳水平。     

不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质分子组成变化的整合分析

利用生物标志物研究土壤有机质（SOM）分子组成可用于分析有机质的来源及降解,从分子层面揭示土壤有机碳（SOC）的稳定机制.为了进一步明确不同土地利用方式对土壤有机质分子组成的影响,通过对已发表的研究数据进行整合分析,研究了全球尺度上农田、草地和森林这3种土地利用方式下有机质分子组成（游离脂质、角质、木栓质和木质素）的变化.结果表明,不同土地利用方式下有机质分子组成有明显差异,森林土壤游离态脂类（烷烃、烷酸、烷醇和环脂）、角质和木质素酚含量显著高于草地和农田,草地和森林土壤的木栓质含量无显著差异,草地木栓质与角质的比值最高,平均为2.96,农田和森林平均分别为1.68和2.21.农田土壤的丁香基的酸醛比（Ad/Al）_S和香草基的酸醛比（Ad/Al）_V最大,分别为1.25和1.58,显著高于草地（0.46和0.69）和森林（0.78和0.7）.且相关性分析结果表明,农田土壤中,木栓质与年均降雨量（MAP）和黏粒呈显著相关,角质与黏粒呈显著相关,木质素与年均温度（MAT）、MAP、砂粒和容重呈显著相关;草地土壤中,总游离脂质与MAP和容重呈显著相关,木栓质和角质均与MAT和MAP呈显著相关,木质素与MAP、pH、砂粒和容重呈显著相关;森林土壤中,仅木质素与MAP和砂粒呈显著相关.总体而言,3种土地利用方式下,森林土壤中有机碳和各分子组分含量均较高,草地土壤中植物根系对于土壤有机质的贡献更大,农田土壤中,由于人为耕作活动而加速了木质素的降解.未来研究应进一步关注土壤理化性质和气候条件对于有机质分子组成的调控.     

东祁连山土地利用方式对土壤持水能力和渗透性的影响

为了解祁连山东段天祝高寒地区不同土地利用方式对土壤持水能力和渗透性的影响,研究选取天然草地、退耕自然恢复地、燕麦地和多年生草地4种土地利用方式,研究了不同土地利用方式对土壤持水能力和渗透性的影响。结果表明,不同土地利用方式对土壤持水能力和渗透性影响显著。土壤容重大小依次为退耕自然恢复地(1.104 g/cm³)>多年生草地(1.061 g/cm³)>燕麦地(1.011 g/cm³)>天然草地(0.781 g/cm³);总孔隙度为天然草地(68.196%)>燕麦地(60.606%)>多年生草地(58.93%)>退耕自然恢复地(57.5%);土壤最大持水量和土壤稳渗速率天然草地最大(681.966 t/hm²和3.02 mm/min),退耕自然恢复地最小(575.005 t/hm²和1.004 mm/min)。从土壤持水性能和入渗性能来看,4种土地利用方式中天然草地最好,退耕自然恢复地最差,燕麦地和多年生草地土壤持水能力和渗透性能优于退耕自然恢复地。     

四明湖水库浮游植物功能类群的季节演替及其影响因子

浮游植物群落变化既受到环境因子单独作用的影响,也受到各因子之间交互作用的影响.为探究浮游植物群落结构的季节演替规律,对四明湖水库浮游植物群落及水体11项非生物因子和4项生物因子进行周年采样调查,分析了水库内浮游植物功能类群组成、季节演替规律及其与生物因子和非生物因子的关系.结果显示,调查期间四明湖水库的浮游植物种类可归入22个功能类群,其优势功能类群主要隶属于绿藻门和硅藻门.非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)显示,浮游植物群落结构呈现出明显的季节性演替;通过SIMPER分析,筛选出10个与季节变化显著相关的功能类群,其主要变化过程表现为:夏季D+Lo→秋冬季D+P+Lo→春季X2+P+MP.方差分解分析(VPA)显示,浮游植物功能类群的季节变化是由水温-浮游动物交互作用与水温单独作用共同影响的结果;典范对应分析(CCA)发现,水温(WT)、透明度(SD)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)以及浮游动物生物量是影响该水库浮游植物群落结构动态变化的主要因子.     

GIS支持下的秦岭植被景观梯度分析

秦岭植被景观类型丰富,具有过渡性和复杂性特点,植被垂直分带明显. 在分析了大尺度秦岭植被景观空间水平分布格局的基础上,利用基于GIS梯度分析方法,分析秦岭的植被与海拔梯度的关系,得到秦岭不同植被景观类型的斑块数、分布范围、植被分布的海拨高度平均值和标准差,并以太白山为例,对太白山植物种进行了梯度分析. 结果表明,随着海拔高度的增加,太白山依次出现7种植被景观类型:温带草丛→温带落叶灌丛→温带落叶阔叶林→亚热带针叶林→亚热带和热带山地针叶林→草甸→高寒草甸等植被类型,植物种亦发生相应的变化.      

The role of plant leaf attributes in linking land use to ecosystem function in temperate grassy vegetation

We tested predictions of the relative changes in plant leaf traits in response to land uses in Australian eucalypt grassy ecosystems. Predictions were determined from responses observed in European landscapes in relation to disturbances associated with agricultural land uses. We measured specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) across five land uses: reference sites (closest to pre-European state), native pastures (unfertilized), fertilized pastures, sown pastures (cultivated and fertilized) and enriched grassland (previously fertilized, no longer grazed). Leaves were expected to have higher SLA and lower LMDC at sites with increasing fertility and/or disturbance.The predictions were confirmed, with SLA increasing progressively in land uses associated with (1) grazing; (2) grazing and fertilization; (3) grazing, fertilization and cultivation. Values for LDMC were closely (but inversely) correlated with those of SLA. For both traits, there were relationships with available soil phosphorus but not with soil total nitrogen. The positive correlation of SLA with phosphorus was not evident above 30 mg kg⁻¹, the recommended level of phosphorus for improved pastures.Results confirm patterns of leaf-trait response to disturbance that reflect fundamental constraints to plant survival in habitats with different levels of resources and disturbances. A conservative strategy for low productivity undisturbed habitats is associated with low SLA and high dry matter content in contrast to fertile disturbed habitats which select for high SLA and low dry matter content. The changes in leaf traits across land uses resulted from species substitution rather than variation within species across sites, and most notably the replacement of native by annual exotic species as land use intensifies.Recommended fertilization rates for pasture production convert the ground layer to plants with soft, digestible leaves, that are responsive to fertilizer and desirable for livestock production. However, fertilization also drastically reduces the diversity of native plants and annual plants tend to dominate. The trade-off associated with high production includes increased vulnerability to soil erosion, due to reduced plant cover and low persistence of cover. If alternative ecosystem values such as erosion control, water quality, salinity control and biodiversity persistence are required, incentives may be needed to offset the loss of production that can be gained from fertilizer application.     

黄土高原沟壑区森林和草地小流域水文行为的比较研究

分析了黄土高原沟壑区森林小流域和自然草地小流域的水文效应,并利用实测资料和模型计算结果比较了两流域的水循环特点,结果发现在郁闭度相同的情况下,森林小流域较自然草地小流域有较小的径流量、较大的蒸散量和较低的３ｍ土层平均含水量,也就是说森林的覆盖增强了水分小循环,削弱了水文大循环,并导致土壤含水量降低。同时也发现森林的上述水文效应仅当其郁闭度达到一定程度时才能表现出来。通过比较两类生态系统植物生长的土壤水分环境条件和水分利用率,认为黄土高原沟壑区在大力发展林业时应以沟谷为主     

Fractal properties of patch perimeters in a disturbed montane landscape, Beijing, China

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｉｍｐａｃｔｓｏｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｌｙｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄｔｏｐｉｃｓｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｂｉｏｌｏｇｉ...     

汉江流域金水河与淇河潜在硝化速率及硝化功能基因的影响因子

河流是地表连接陆地和海洋生态系统生源要素的关键通道,河流生态系统中包括硝化作用在内的氮转化过程对全球氮循环具有重要影响.本研究选择位于秦岭南坡流域内人为干扰强度低的金水河及人为干扰强度高的淇河进行比较研究,探讨人为干扰强度对河流潜在硝化速率及硝化功能基因丰度的影响.结果表明,同时期的淇河潜在硝化速率显著高于金水河(P<0.05).金水河和淇河的AOA-amo A基因丰度都显著高于AOB-amo A(P <0.05),但枯水期淇河的AOB-amo A基因丰度显著高于金水河,金水河与淇河AOA-amo A基因丰度无显著差异.潜在硝化速率与水温、p H、水体NO₃^-和沉积物NO₃^-浓度呈显著正相关(P <0.05).硝化功能基因丰度与水温、p H、水体及沉积物NO₃^-、NH₄⁺及有机碳浓度相关性显著(P <0.05).潜在硝化速率与AOA-amo A基因丰度无显著相关性,但与AOB-amo A基...     

Responses of plant, insect and spider biodiversity to local and landscape scale management intensity in cereal crops and grasslands

The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of landscape scale management intensity, agroecosystem type, local management intensity and edges on diversity patterns of functional groups of plants, carabid beetles, spiders and grasshoppers. Nine landscapes were selected differing in percent intensively used agricultural area (IAA), each with a pair of organic and conventional winter wheat fields and a pair of organic and conventional mown meadows. Within fields, plants were surveyed in the edge and in the interior. Carabid beetles and spiders were captured by funnel traps, while grasshoppers were sweep-netted in the meadows. Diversity patterns of study organisms were affected both by local variables (local management, agroecosystem type and within-field position) and by landscape scale management intensity. Species richness of grasses, presumably because of sowing low-diversity mixtures, and hunting spiders decreased with percent cover of IAA. Meadows differed from wheat fields in that they had higher species richness of forbs and grasses, as well as higher densities of hunting spiders. In contrast, more carabid individuals, especially of non-carnivore species, were captured in wheat fields. In field edges with their reduced management intensity and increased immigration, species richness of plants, carabids and spiders was higher than in the interiors regardless of agroecosystem type and management. Organic management enhanced forb richness and cover in both agroecosystem types. Organic management also increased grass cover in wheat fields, but not in meadows, and promoted species richness of non-carnivore carabids and hunting spiders, but not grasshoppers. The results show that agri-environmental management needs to be targeted to the agroecosystem's field size, because higher edge area led to higher species richness. Organic management affected several functional groups positively (forbs, non-carnivore carabids, hunting spiders), while lower landscape scale management intensity only increased species richness of grasses and spiders. The great differences in responses of functional groups to local cereal and grassland as well as landscape management suggest implementing more scale and group specific targets for agri-environmental schemes to improve their efficiency.     

复杂地形条件下根系对土壤有机碳的贡献

在地形条件复杂的地区,量化根系对土壤有机碳的贡献对科学评价水土流失区的土壤碳储量具有重要意义.本研究在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的砖窑沟小流域内,基于地貌类型(梁峁坡、沟坡和沟谷)和植被措施(农田、林地和草地措施)两大因素采集土壤和根系样品,在流域尺度上研究根系密度(FRD)对土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)的贡献.在砖窑沟小流域内,地形、植被措施和土层厚度及其交互作用显著影响SOCD和FRD的空间分布. SOCD和FRD在不同地形部位下均呈现出沟谷沟坡梁峁坡的趋势,在不同植被措施下均呈现出林地措施草地措施农田措施的趋势,在不同土层厚度上均呈现出表层(0～20 cm)大于下层(20～100 cm)的趋势.此外,FRD对SOCD的影响显著(P 0. 05),SOCD随着FRD增加呈现出对数增加的趋势,且不同地形和植被措施下的根系-碳转化效率差异显著(P 0. 05).在农田措施下,沟谷(0. 87)的根系-碳转化效率均是沟坡(0. 43)和梁峁坡(0. 43)的2. 0倍;在草地措施下,沟坡(0. 57)的根系-碳转化效率分别是沟谷(0. 45)和梁峁坡(0. 27)的1. 3倍和2. 1倍;在林地措施下,梁峁坡(0. 56)的根系-碳转化效率是沟坡(0. 44)的1. 3倍.因此,在砖窑沟小流域内,从增加根系-碳转化效率的角度而言,沟谷适合进行农业生产,沟坡适宜进行退耕还草,而梁峁坡适合进行退耕还林.