基于UWB定位技术的油田钻修井作业安全监测方法

为解决传统油田钻修井作业安全监测方法在实际应用中存在监测定位误差较大,无法保证作业人员安全的问题,本文开展基于UWB定位技术的油田钻修井作业安全监测方法研究,通过油田井下液位数据采集、基于UWB定位技术的钻修井安全作业节点定位、划分钻修井作业安全监控动态预警范围,提出一种全新的监测方法,并进行对比实验。结果表明:新的监测方法能够有效减小监测定位误差,为作业人员安全提供保障,提高油田企业经济效益和社会效益。     

油田修井液压钳安全自动操作装置

介绍了新型修井配套工具油田修井液压钳安全自动装置的结构、原理和使用方法,分析了它的优点和推广应用前景。     

油田修井液压钳安全自动操作装置

介绍了新型修井配套工具油田修井液压钳安全自动装置的结构、原理和使用方法，分析了它的优点和推广应用前景。     

管线解堵、吹扫作业风险分析及消减

目前在油田内进行集油、集气管线的扫线、解堵作业时没有专用设备,作业时采用高压设备,使得操作人员及生产设备没有安全保证。且该类作业在制度、规范中也无系统的规定和要求,作业的随意性较大,存在较大的安全隐患。1历年管线解堵、吹扫作业事故及成因1.1几起事故经过事故一:1997年12月,某作业区某转油站外输管线管堵,该采     

油田作业现场事故发生的心理原因和心理干预对策研究

油田作业安全事故的发生与人心理行为有很大关系,了解油田作业现场人员违章的心理原因并制定有针对性的干预对策,是油田安全管理研究的重要任务。通过对辽河油田兴隆台工程技术处油田作业现场64起真实有效事故进行回顾和原因分析,认为员工的不安全心理是油田作业现场造成事故最主要原因。总结出事故发生原因,分析其中人的员工不安全心理对事故发生的影响,提出对员工不安全心理的预防措施,提高作业工人安全心理水平来保障行为安全,才能有效防止大多数事故的发生。通过提出相对应的心理干预措施,把员工安全心理行为训练、员工安全心理团体辅导与讲座和个体心理咨询有机结合,落实安全心理行为管理措施,不断改进心理干预手段,尤其是心理干预采用综合手段,可以取得较好的干预效果,对油田作业现场事故的预防和生产安全有序的运行起到积极的作用。     

安全承诺：落实岗责的有效手段

中国石化股份新星华北分公司井下作业部是一支从事石油天然气勘探开发、试油试采修井、测试等井下作业的专业队伍。从1999年起参加鄂尔多斯北部天然气勘探开发项目以来严抓安主管理实施安全承诺认真落实岗位安全职责在2002年取得了鄂北天然气勘探开发的历史性突破实现了安全与生产的“双赢”。石油天然气试油、试采修井测试等作业属于事故较为多发的环节为了全     

做好特种设备作业人员考核发证工作

特种设备作业人员与特种设备安全密切相关,其操作水平和能力直接关系到设备的安全运行,很多事故都是由于操作人员违章操作或操作失误造成的。《特种设备安全监察条例》明确要求特种设备的作业人员必须持证上岗。加强作业人员的监督管理是特种设备安全监察工作的重要内容。同时,作业人员的考核发证又是一项行政许可事项,必须依法依规进行。广东省质量技术监督局高度重视特种设备作业人员的考核发证工作,现将我们的主要做法介绍如下。     

车床卡盘安全搬手

操作者在锁紧车床卡盘后,因精神不集中或其他原因,将搬手丢置在卡盘上。待启动车后,搬手随即抛出,往往造成伤人事故。为解决这一问题,我们专门设计制作了如图所示的安全搬手。操作者将搬手方头压入车床卡盘方孔内紧固工件后,不用施加外力,搬手即可在被压缩弹簧的弹力作用下,从卡盘内方孔中退出。安全搬手结构精巧,操作方便,使用安全,特别适宜学徒工和青工使用。车床卡盘安全搬手@李清林$湖北十埝二汽车箱厂     

特种作业人员安全技术培训问题分析及建议

<正>近年来,我国出现了许多特种作业人员违规违章操作造成的生产安全事故,这些事故的原因值得我们去认真思考。特种作业安全培训工作是安全管理工作中的重要环节。本文对当前特种作业安全培训问题进行了分析,并提出解决这些问题的建议和思路。     

做好特种设备阼业人员考核发证工作

特种设备作业人员与特种设备安全密切相关，其操作水平和能力直接关系到设备的安全运行，很多事故都是由于操作人员违章操作或操作失误造成的。《特种设备安全监察条例》明确要求特种设备的作业人员必须持证上岗。加强作业人员的监督管理是特种设备安全监察工作的重要内容。同时，作业人员的考核发证又是一项行政许可事项，必须依法依规进行。广东省质量技术监督局高度重视特种设备作业人员的考核发证工作，现将我们的主要做法介绍如下。[第一段]     

Differences in Eye and Hand Movements of Novice and Experienced Press Operators

Presses are very widely used in industrial and commercial companies and are often the source of serious accidents occurring during operation. Most of the accidents are due to inadequate training of novice operators. Continuous recordings of eye and hand movements of five novice operators and five experienced operators in press operation were made. Significant difference between novice and experienced operators was observed in eye fixation time, eye movement patterns, hand dwell time, and eye-hand coordination. Also, differences were observed in spatial distribution of eye fixations during the die-closing portion of a stroke. There were no significant differences between novice and experienced operators in the eye and the hand movement time. The results could be used as basic data to establish a guide determining the method and training period to train novice operators.     

Safety and human factors considerations in control rooms of oil and gas pipeline systems: conceptual issues and practical observations.

All oil and gas pipeline systems are run by human operators (called controllers) who use computer-based workstations in control rooms to "control" pipelines. Several human factor elements could contribute to the lack of controller success in preventing or mitigating pipeline accidents/incidents. These elements exist in both the work environment and also in the computer system design/operation (such as data presentation and alarm configuration). Some work environment examples include shift hours, shift length, circadian rhythms, shift change-over processes, fatigue countermeasures, ergonomics factors, workplace distractions, and physical interaction with control system computers. The major objective of this paper is to demonstrate the critical effects of human and organizational factors and also to highlight the role of their interactions with automation (and automated devices) in the safe operation of complex, large-scale pipeline systems. A case study to demonstrate the critical role of human organizational factors in the control room of an oil and gas pipeline system is also presented.     

喷射火对输油管道热影响实验平台设计与验证*

为研究油气并行管道中,天然气管道喷射火对相邻输油管道内流体与管壁的热影响,设计并搭建天然气喷射火对输油管道热影响实验平台。实验平台由环道及冷却系统、火焰系统、控制及数据采集系统3个部分组成。完成平台搭建并验证环道系统气密性后,以0#柴油为介质,开展验证实验。研究结果表明:火焰系统工作可靠且可控,冷却系统能够将柴油温度控制在初馏点以下,数据采集系统能够正常采集油品压力、温度、流量、管壁温度、火焰温度等预定数据,实验平台具备一定可行性与安全性。实验平台可进行在不同管道规格及材质、火灾形式、油品介质及流速条件下的热影响实验。实验平台结合材料性能进行测试,可研究喷射火对管材性能的影响,为油气并行管道的安全运行提供相关实验依据。     

基于安全屏障模型的海上钻完井作业风险分析

海上钻完井作业面临海洋环境恶劣、浅层地质灾害等复杂工况,极易发生油气泄漏、井喷等事故。为有效预防海上钻完井作业事故,提出基于瑞士奶酪模型的安全屏障模型。采用事故树和故障模式及影响分析相结合的方法,分析作业过程风险。该模型根据挪威标准D-010,建立完井作业关井阶段的物理安全屏障和安全屏障控制原理图,在此基础上构建油气泄漏事故树和失效模式与影响分析表,找出关井阶段可能的油气泄漏途径。通过对重要度计算和风险优先度值排序确定作业过程中最薄弱的安全屏障和关键故障模式。结果表明,作业过程中最薄弱的安全屏障是采油树、油管和地面控制井下安全阀(SCSSV),采油树腐蚀、密封失效、油管接头密封失效和SCSSV开关故障是影响作业过程的关键故障模式。     

基于视线追踪技术的工艺操作人员人为失误识别研究

为了对生产加工过程中工艺操作人员的不安全行为进行有效监控，及时避免因操作失误带来的工艺安全事故，开展基于视线追踪技术的工艺操作人员人为失误识别研究。通过设计眼动实验方案，利用视线追踪技术采集操作者在工艺流程控制过程中各类失误模式的眼动数据,并对采集的数据进行统计，提取失误行为的眼动特征，并建立人为失误智能识别方法，利用距离函数聚类实现现场操作人员失误状态的准确识别。研究结果表明:以被试样本在不同区域的视线停留时间百分比作为特征参数，并运用欧氏距离函数分类法判别人员操作状态，对操作人员的不安全行为能够准确识别。     

防提安全装置现场应用事故分析与规避措施

防提安全装置是起下钻杆中防止误操作的安全设备,但长时间未对其进行结构改进,且其在应用过程中存在操作不规范情况,从而在油田钻井过程中引起诸多问题,甚至导致一系列严重事故的发生。以某油田防提安全装置现场应用事故为例,从装置系统设计,现场操作和人为因素等方面分析出了此次事故发生的直接原因与间接原因。同时结合其他类似事故的调研分析结果,对防提安全装置提出了可行的优化与改进方案,规范了该装置操作与监督岗位的作业要求,且细化了该装置维护与故障处理的具体措施,从而做到了从多方面预防类似事故的发生。通过应用发现,防提安全装置的事故原因分析方法和规避措施可有效地防止类似故障的发生,提高油气钻采过程井口设备的安全性,其也可作为油田其他类似装置优化改进以及规范现场操作的参考。     

油气管道维抢修密封卡具的安全检测与应用

针对油气管道维抢修所使用密封卡具在使用过程中存在安全隐患的问题,提出了1种密封卡具的安全检测方法,并设计了检测平台。检测平台主要由管段夹持装置、密封卡具组件、实验管段、液压注剂系统以及压力测量系统等构成;检测方法包括密封卡具的出厂强度检验、密封性能测试以及安全施工压力测试,通过检测来确保施工过程中密封卡具的安全稳定性及密封作业的成功率;在新疆油田采油一厂进行了现场应用,对泄漏管段进行现场勘测后设计加工了适用的密封卡具,对该卡具进行了室内安全检验,并依据注剂式密封技术的相关标准在现场实施了带压密封作业。研究结果表明:所加工密封卡具的强度、密封性能安全可靠,现场安全注剂压力不应超过22 MPa,管道未发生二次破坏,密封效果良好。     

A safety barrier-based accident model for offshore drilling blowouts

Blowout is one of the most serious accidents in the offshore oil and gas industry. Accident records show that most of the offshore blowouts have occurred in the drilling phase. Efficient measures to prevent, mitigate, and control offshore drilling blowouts are important for the entire offshore oil and gas industry. This article proposes a new barrier-based accident model for drilling blowouts. The model is based on the three-level well control theory, and primary and secondary well control barriers and an extra well monitoring barrier are established between the reservoir and the blowout event. The three barriers are illustrated in a graphical model that is similar to the well-known Swiss cheese model. Five additional barriers are established to mitigate and control the blowout accident, and event tree analysis is used to analyze the possible consequence chains. Based on statistical data and literature reviews, failures of each barrier are presented. These failures can be used as guidance for offshore drilling operators to become aware of the vulnerabilities of the safety barrier system, and to assess the risk related to these barriers. The Macondo accident is used as a case study to show how the new model can be used to understand the development of the events leading to the accident. The model can also be used as an aid to prevent future blowouts or to stop the escalation of events.     

在役老龄管线修复技术问题探讨

针对在役老龄管线更换管段、在现有管线上添加装置、修复水下管段等进行修复时遇到的各类问题,提出了相应的解决方案和下一步需要完善的途径.介绍了封堵工艺的工作原理及其实际操作过程,采用封堵工艺能够实施老龄管线更新,从而确保老龄管线经济安全地运行.     

Allocation of performance shaping factors in the risk assessment of an offshore installation

Offshore oil production is one of the most important human productive activities. There are many risks associated with the process of constructing a subsea well, pumping oil to the platform, and transporting it to refineries via underwater pipes or oil tankers. All actions performed by workers in those operations are influenced by specific working conditions, involving the use of complex systems. Contextual factors such as high noise, low and high temperatures and hazardous chemicals are considered to be contributors to unsafe human actions in accident analysis and also give a basis for assessing human factors in safety analysis. Some failure modes are particularly dangerous and can result in severe accidents and damage to humans, the environment and material assets. Fires and explosions on oil rigs are some of the most devastating types of offshore accidents and can result in long-term consequences. The most typical root causes related to accidents include equipment failure, human error, environmental factors, work organization, training and, communication, among others. The principal objective of this study is to propose a methodological framework to identify the factors that affect the performance of operators of an offshore unit for oil processing and treatment. In this phase, an ergonomics approach based on operators' work analysis is used as a supporting tool. After identification of factors that affect the performance of operators, a decision-making model based on AHP (analytic hierarchy process) is applied to rank and weight the principal performance shaping factors (PSFs) that influence safe operations. The next step involves the use of the SHELLO model to group the main PSFs in elements named software, hardware, environment, liveware and organization. In the last phase, a relevant accident that occurred aboard a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel is analyzed. The allocation process of the factors that affect the operator's performance in risk assessment was developed through fuzzy logic and the ISO 17776 standard.