共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 296 毫秒
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新疆山地森林灾害类型及防灾减灾途径 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了新疆山地森林灾害类型和致灾因素,分析了造成山地森林灾害的主要原因,提出了恢复山地森林资源、改善生态环境和防止灾害发生的基本途径。 相似文献
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河拉沟发育在湟源县城关镇北侧的低山丘陵区,上世纪50年代前,沟域内生态环境良好,很少发生泥石流灾害。以后随着生态环境的破坏,导致泥石流灾害频发,后又经生物和工程治理,泥石流得以基本遏制。本文根据泥石流灾害的发展变化,评述了泥石流综合防治效果及其防治措施的合理性。 相似文献
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中国森林资源的主要灾害问题与对策分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
森林资源以集生的乔木为主体,能够对气候、水文等自然环境产生巨大影响的植物群落,中国森林资源面积有13093×104hm2,森林覆盖率13.8%。目前的现状是,森林资源缺乏、分布不均、蓄积量低、有林地面积小、构成不合理、可供采伐利用少等,其主要原因是森林资源灾害的长期存在并日趋严重。通过对森林资源灾害类型和致灾因素的分析,提出了相应的提高森林资源生产能力,改善森林资源生态环境和防止灾害发生的基本对策。 相似文献
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《四川环境》2019,(5)
在生态、社会和经济这样一个大系统中,研究山洪灾害给人类社会造成的不同损失,并对各种损失进行经济计量和量化,不仅有其独特的经济意义而且也有现实的社会意义,可以极大提高山洪灾害防御能力和效果。主要研究山洪灾害损失评估指标体系、评估方法及防御措施,建立了系统的较为完善的山洪灾害指标体系,主要包括人员损失(死亡损失、伤害损失)、直接财产损失(建筑损失、资产损失、交通损失、资源损失、管线损失)、间接经济损失(停产减产损失、投资溢价损失)、灾害救援损失以及生态环境损失,并利用定量分析法逐一加以经济量化;总结出了应对山洪灾害7条防御措施。结果表明:(1)洪灾损失评估指标体系的建立及评估方法没有统一的方法;(2)较为完善的山洪灾害损失由人员损失、财产损失、灾害救援损失和生态环境损失组成;(3)流域综合治理、建立群测群防的防御体系是防御山洪灾害的得力途径;(4)只要本着认真负责的态度,科学的应对山洪灾害,能够极大的降低灾害损失。文章所建立的山洪灾害损失评估指标体系及计算方法,可行有效,可为其它地区山洪灾害损失评估提供参考与借鉴,为政府组织救援实施抢险恢复提供决策依据。 相似文献
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我国农村自然灾害频发,受灾人数和直接经济损失居高不下,同时加剧了生态环境的脆弱性,给乡村振兴造成重大阻碍,迫切需要补齐农村自然灾害应急管理这一短板。自然灾害、生态环境、乡村振兴三者之间的紧密关联性,决定农村灾害应急与生态保护之间具有高度协同性,基于灾害应急和生态保护协同视角提升农村自然灾害防治能力,是推进自然灾害防治体系和防治能力现代化的重要路径。本文从目标、机制、主体、防控、保障5个层面构建了农村灾害应急和生态保护的协同体系,并在协同体系下提出从机制体制、监测预警、保障设施、统筹关系体4个方面推动农村自然灾害防治能力提升的对策建议,为减少灾害损失、降低“因灾返贫”风险和促进乡村振兴提供理论和实践参考。 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐城市灾害特征及对环境的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乌鲁木齐市地处欧亚大陆腹地 ,三面环山 ,地形复杂 ,气候多变 ,生态环境脆弱 ,是多种灾害频繁发生的主要地区之一。乌鲁木齐每年都有程度不同的灾害发生 ,特别是人为灾害———环境污染。近年来 ,随着城市人口密集和社会发展 ,生命线工程、城市基础设施建设使人为灾害发生的频次越来越高 ,城市灾害所带来的损失和破坏性也在大幅增加。因此 ,研究如何防御和减轻自然灾害和人为灾害对城市和环境的破坏 ,已成为一个重大的社会问题。 相似文献
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根据生态系统的分类,分别计算了山东省植被生态环境需水量、河流生态环境需水量、湖泊生态环境需水量、水库生态环境需水量和城市生态环境需水量,山东省生态环境需水量为上述各类型生态环境需水量之和。计算结果表明,山东省2000~2005年生态环境需水总量为342.64~345.01亿m^3。山东省2000~2005年生态环境需水保证率均小于50%,生态环境用水无法得到保证,且丰枯年份之间变化明显。 相似文献
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Herbert Hambati 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(10):1758-1788
The impacts of natural disasters on communities living in hazard prone areas are wide ranging and complex. In Mwanza, steep slopes, rocky hills and river valleys are inhabited by society's poorest people. These areas are prone to natural disasters. Residents have accumulated coping mechanisms for disaster risks and impact reduction. We combine spatial data, household surveys and data from focus groups to identify and rank areas based on their exposure to major disasters. We also examine household and communal mitigation efforts in relation to these disasters. Most areas of the city are exposed to at least one of the natural disasters studied. Pre- and post-disaster risk reduction measures are influenced by the site of homesteads and the socioeconomic situation of households. Current resilience measures are skewed towards the development of physical infrastructure. The challenge of reducing disaster risks in Mwanza involves recognizing the role of non-infrastructure based factors that promote urban resilience to natural disasters. 相似文献
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Eco-environmental changes and causative analysis in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In the most recent four decades the eco-environment in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers has been continuously getting worse, this is mainly manifested in the serious vegetation degradation, rapidly developing desertification, lake shrinkage and salinization, wetland degradation and biodiversity reduction. This paper attempts to give a quantitative analysis to such eco-environmental changes and explore their causes. The main factors responsible for such changes are climate change and the alterations of glacial snow accumulation and the freeze-thaw processes of the frozen soil, as well as overgrazing and rodent damage. The eco-environmental changes in the source regions not only influence the social-economic development of these regions but also have affected, or are affecting, the whole river basins' social-economic development. 相似文献
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We propose here an improved multi-objective optimisation model that considers eco-environmental water demand (EWD) for allocating water resources in a river basin over the long term. The model considers economic, social, and environmental objectives, and it improves on traditional optimisation methods by emphasizing not only the water demand of the artificial ecosystem but also that of the natural ecosystem. Water resource constraints are considered. The hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithms (HGSAA) technique incorporates a genetic algorithm (GA) and a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, which have strong local and global searching abilities, in order to solve the highly non-linear model and avoid local and pre-mature convergence. In the method, the water demands of users in the planning year serve as the basis for long-term optimisation using a forecasting procedure. In this study, the combined forecasting method based on the principle of optimal combination is built to forecast domestic and industrial water demands. The proposed model and method are subsequently used in a companion paper to optimise water allocation in the Haihe River basin in China [An eco-environmental water demand based model for optimising water resources using hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithms. Part II. Model application and results 90 (8), 2612–2619]. 相似文献
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张雪花 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2000,(Z1)
本文基于城市生态环境系统特征分析,提出了城市生态环境规划应遵循的基本原则,即整体性原则、优化原则和交互原则,并对规划内容与规划方法进行了深入的研究,得出城市生态环境规划的技术路线:整体出发、分层规划,环境资源和容量利用最优化,数学规划模型与专家意见有机结合。 相似文献
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本文采用综合指数评价法,以RS/GIS技术解译的土地利用/土地覆盖数据为信息源,对天山北坡经济带生态环境质量进行评价、排序及分级。结果得出:乌鲁木齐市、乌苏市、呼图壁县生态环境质量良好,沙湾县、石河子市、奎屯市、玛纳斯县生态环境质量一般,米泉市、阜康市、克拉玛依市、昌吉市生态环境质量较差;良好、一般及差的县市区域面积分别占研究区面积的39.8%、27.89%和32.29%。这种生态环境质量分异特征主要是由自然环境条件、人类经济活动、土地利用方式决定的。 相似文献