2008年1-2月国内安全生产事故统计分析

统计了2008年1-2月国内发生的各种安全生产事故273起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占55.31%,其次是其他事故(19.05%)、爆炸事故(8.79%)、矿业事故(7.33%)、火灾(6.96%)、毒物泄露和中毒(2.56%).273起事故共死亡1 048人.伤996人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故63.26%、矿业事故9.54%、其他事故9.06%、火灾8.49%、爆炸事故7.54%、泄露中毒2.10%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故75.80%、爆炸事故13.45%、其他事故3.11%、泄露中毒3.11%、火灾2.61%、矿业事故1.91%.     

2006年5-6月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2006年5-6月国内发生的各种安全事故279起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占48.03%,其次是矿业事故(27.60%)、其他事故(8.24%)、爆炸事故(6.45%)、毒物泄露和中毒(6.09%)、火灾(3.58%).279起事故共死亡1 106人,伤1 043人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故45.30%、矿业事故32.37%、爆炸事故7.23%、其他事故6.78%、泄露中毒4.79%、火灾3.53%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故52.92%、矿业事故16.49%、爆炸事故9.88%、泄露中毒9.68%、其他事故6.52%、火灾4.51%.     

2007年5-6月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2007年5-6月国内发生的各种安全事故429起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,其他事故最多,占41.26%,其次是交通事故(36.83%)、矿业事故(12.82%)、爆炸事故(5.13%)、毒物泄露和中毒(2.10%)、火灾(1.86%).429起事故共死亡1 213人,伤1 128人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故49.46%、其他事故22.92%、矿业事故18.38%、爆炸事故4.20%、火灾3.38%、泄露中毒1.65%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故58.16%、爆炸事故17.55%、矿业事故9.93%、其他事故7.18%、泄露中毒5.59%、火灾1.60%.     

2007年7-8月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2007年7-8月国内发生的各种安全事故496起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,其他事故最多,占39.31%,其次是交通事故(36.29%)、矿业事故(13.91%)、毒物泄露和中毒(5.04%)、爆炸事故(3.83%)、火灾(1.61%).496起事故共死亡1 518人,伤1 143人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故47.04%、其他事故23.39%、矿业事故18.05%、爆炸事故5.60%、泄露中毒4.41%、火灾1.52%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故57.39%、其他事故17.94%、矿业事故9.71%、泄露中毒8.40%、爆炸事故5.51%、火灾1.05%.     

2006年9-10月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2006年9-10月国内发生的各种安全事故278起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占52.88%,其次是矿业事故(20.14%)、其他事故(11.15%)、爆炸事故(7.55%)、火灾(5.04%)、毒物泄露和中毒(3.24%).278起事故共死亡1 053人,伤1 321人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故53.85%、矿业事故24.60%、其他事故9.78%、火灾6.55%、爆炸事故3.89%、泄露中毒1.33%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故39 44%、泄露中毒35.43%、矿业事故10.67%、爆炸事故5.37%、其他事故5.15%、火灾3.94%.     

2007年3-4月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2007年3-4月国内发生的各种安全事故399起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占43.61%,其次是其他事故(30.58%)、矿业事故(15.29)、爆炸事故(5.51%)、火灾(3.01%)、毒物泄露和中毒(2.01%).399起事故共死亡1 389人,伤1 732人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故49.82%、矿业事故24.33%、其他事故18.57%、爆炸事故3.38%、火灾2.52%、泄露中毒1.37%; 受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故50.58%、泄露中毒29.79%、矿业事故8.66%、其他事故5.72%、爆炸事故3.23%、火灾2.02%.     

2006年7-8月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2006年7-8月国内发生的各种安全事故279起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占55.91%,其次是矿业事故(22.22%)、爆炸事故(9.32%)、其他事故(5.73%)、毒物泄露和中毒(4.66%)、火灾(2.15%).279起事故共死亡1 253人,伤1 519人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故52.27%、矿业事故26.74%、爆炸事故11.65%、其他事故4.79%、火灾2.39%、泄露中毒2.15%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故53.59%、泄露中毒17.38%、爆炸事故14.42%、矿业事故10.73%、其他事故2.63%、火灾1.25%.     

2006年11-12月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2006年11-12月国内发生的各种安全事故284起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占49.65%,其次是矿业事故(22.89%)、爆炸事故(10.21%)、其他事故(10.21%)、毒物泄露和中毒(3.52%)、火灾(3.52%).284起事故共死亡1 124人,伤835人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故41.81%、矿业事故35.41%、其他事故7.74%、爆炸事故7.47%、火灾4.63%、泄露中毒2.94%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故62.75%、矿业事故13.53%、爆炸事故11.86%、其他事故8.38%、火灾2.40%、泄露中毒1.08%.     

2007年11-12月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2007年11-12月国内发生的各种安全事故308起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占43.83%,其次是其他事故(30.84%)、矿业事故(12.66%)、爆炸事故(7.47%)、火灾(2.92%)、毒物泄露和中毒(2.27%).308起事故共死亡1 174人,伤832人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故40.72%、矿业事故25.81%、其他事故17.46%、爆炸事故8.09%、火灾5.37%、泄露中毒2.56%; 受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故54.33%、爆炸事故16.71%、矿业事故14.18%、其他事故11.78%、泄露中毒1.56%、火灾1.44%.     

2009年1-2月国内安全生产事故统计分析

统计了2009年1-2月国内发生的各种安全生产事故314起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事放.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占59.55%,其次是火灾(12.74%)、爆炸事故(9.24%)、其他事故(7.64%)、矿业事故(6.69%)、毒物泄露和中毒(4.14%).314起事故共死亡1117人,伤1123人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故66.79%、矿业事故15.04%、火灾6.80%、爆炸事故6.27%、其他事故2.86%、泄露中毒2.24%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故59.39%、矿业事故13.00%、爆炸事故9.26%、其他事故6.41%、火灾6.32%、泄露中毒5.61%.     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

Risk Assessment in the Working Environment in Estonia

The first step to chart hazards in the working environment in Estonia (labour force: 0.65 million) was taken by the National Board of Health Protection in the beginning of 1996.

The existing chemical, physical, and biological agents in the working environment were investigated with the help of local health inspectors in all counties. An identification of hazards and workers at risk was carried out. The results of the analysis showed that 16% of Estonian industrial workers are exposed to different hazards: 20,000 persons are exposed to noise, 11,000 are working in the conditions of vibration, 10,000 are affected by unsatisfactory microclimate, 6,000 complain about long-lasting work in a compulsory posture, the overexertion of eyes is suffered by 5,500 persons, and physical overload by 3,500 workers. In the group of chemical hazards the greatest numbers of workers are exposed to organic dust (6,500) and welding aerosols (5,400), followed by petroleum products (2,700), and oil-shale dust (4,300). The measurements of working conditions showed that an average of 30.3% of the results are above the standards. Proposals for the improvement of the situation in occupational safety and health are presented.     

Trends in occupational injuries and fatality in Turkey

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of occupational injuries in Turkey using epidemiologic criteria such as incidence mortality and fatality/all injuries recorded – rates. Materials and methods. Safety and health data were obtained from the Annual Statistic Books of the Social Insurance Institution (1988–2006) and Social Security Institution (2007–2011) of Turkey. Results. The results from the official data showed that although total employment is increasing the number of occupational injuries and incidence and mortality rates are decreasing. The results also demonstrate that occupational fatality/all injuries recorded – rate is increasing. The fatality/all injuries recorded – rate per 1000 injuries increased to 25.5 in 2011 from 8.6 in 1988. Each work day an average of five people died because of occupational injuries. Discussion and conclusions. The fatality/all injuries recorded – rate (the number of fatal cases per 1000 occupational injuries) is an important indicator of the injury rate for a country. Systems of occupational injury and illness surveillance constitute a critical resource for the management and reduction of occupational injuries and illness.     

我国化学品安全技术说明书(SDS)的管理现状研究

从分析我国化学品安全技术说明书的监管现状出发,研究对比了我国和国外在SDS覆盖化学品的范围、审核监督制度以及信息保密机制等管理技术方面的不同做法;指出我国对化学品安全技术说明书的监管在这三方面存在缺陷和不足;提出加强和完善化学品安全技术说明书的监管是提高我国化学品安全监管水平的重要手段;认为借鉴欧盟、美国和加拿大等国家的先进做法拓宽需要编制SDS的化学品范围、建立化学品安全技术说明书第三方检测制度、加强监督、完善信息保密机制将对促进我国的化学品安全监管水平具有重要意义。     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

Working Conditions in Small Private Enterprises in Poland

The study deals with working conditions in small private enterprises in Poland. Data come from 50 small enterprises from the Warsaw area. Information about the evaluation of working conditions and the existence of programmes for their improvement was gathered with the help of questionnaires addressed to employees and employers. The results constitute a ‘photograph’ of the Polish reality at the beginning of its transition from planned to market economy. The study revealed a lack of programmes for the improvement of working conditions in a significant number of the enterprises studied as well as little interest in occupational safety on the part of employers (owners).

The study also revealed that all decisions—including those about the improvement of working conditions—were made by employers. Hence, the need for the widest possible dissemination of knowledge on occupational safety and the protection of human in the working environment with particular stress put on employers. Employers who are knowledgeable in this field and who are aware of its importance can significantly influence the improvement of working conditions in small enterprises.