污染治理投资质量与回报量化分析

从环境污染治理投资的相关因子和系数分析入手，对治理投资质量和效果分别建立了量化函数关系，用此计算结果与理论标准值比较，则可确定其投资质量与回报结果。     

污染治理投资质量与回报量化分析

从环境污染治理投资的相关因子和系数分析入手，对治理投资质量和效果分别建立了量化函数关系，由此计算所得结果与理论标准值比较，是可确定其投资质量与回报结果。     

从统计数字分析环境保护投资

从统计数字分析了经济发展与环保投资的关系，提出了环境保护投资必须与经济同步增长，投资结构必须同步优化，投资渠道必须多元化，必须与加强宏观调控相结合。     

鞋类再生胶的质量分析

一、前言鞋类再生胶作为再生橡胶产品中的一种，已有百年历史，它广泛用于制鞋和其它低级橡胶制品中。从其物理性能而言，质量较低，且有下降的趋势。制鞋业是一个投资见效快的产业，一些厂家（包括许多国内私人企业），看重制鞋业的近期效益，投资中低档鞋业不断增加，市场的激烈竞争，使得一些厂家追求低成本，致使鞋类再生胶仍有一定的市场。但给再生胶生产厂家提出一个新的课题，鞋胶的重复利用和再生，如何提高鞋类再生胶的质量又成为当务之急。随着人民物质文化水平的提高，制鞋业必然朝质优、物美、保健等多功能方向发展，鞋类再生胶…     

锐意进取 开拓创新 实现环境试验与观测专业又好又快发展——吴伟仁司长在五九所高原沙漠自然环境试验站条件建设项目竣工验收工作会上的讲话（摘要）

同志们： “环境试验与观测”是国防军工技术基础七大专业之一，为保证军工产品的环境适应性，提高武器装备质量和作战效能提供技术支撑和保障。国防科工委非常重视环试专业的发展，单独设立该专业科研计划，加大投资力度，并不断丰富和拓展专业内涵，加强环境试验与观测网的建设与管理。几年来，在军工集团公司和各专业机构的共同努力下，环境试验与观测专业在专业体系、试验站网、科研水平、型号应用、学科建设、人才培养等方面都取得了长足的进步。     

城市化地区生活污水处理模式探讨

分析了现有生活小区污水处理系统存在的主要技术问题，对部分小区污水处理系统和城镇污水处理厂的投资与处理费用进行了比较，发现城市化地区生活污水以纳入城镇污水处理厂集中处理为宜。比较以BOT（建设-营运-移交）模式吸纳民间资本和政府投资方式建设城镇生活污水处理厂的投资运营情况，得出用BOT模式．可提高资金利用率、减少工程投资和工程运行费的结论．同时，强调必须强化政府服务和监管职责．以规范政府与以BOT方式建设污水处理厂的项目公司的关系，减少投资风险。     

发展型煤生产改善大气环境质量

发展洁净煤技术是能源发展的必然选择，工业型煤具有投资少、见效快、洁净节能效果好的特点，对改善大气环境质量有着重要意义。     

东湖新技术开发区环境现状分析及对策研究

武汉东湖新技术开发区是首批国家新技术产业开发区之一，为了促进开发区的环境与经济的协调发展，加强东湖新技术开发区的环境保护，笔者对东湖新技术开发区环境质量现状进行了调查研究，初步摸清了该区域环境质量状况，指出了目前开发区建设中应重视的环境管理问题，并对开发区的环境保护提出了一些建议，该项研究具有明显的社会和环境效益，对改善武汉市是东湖开发区的投资环境，提高人民生活水平和质量，树立城市新形象有着重要的现实意义。     

低压薄膜过滤费用的估算

低压薄膜过滤费用的估算提出了对低压薄膜过滤的投资和运行费用的估算数学模式，用于探讨这类系统在运行时各有关变量和薄膜特征对处理费用的影响；并与各不同质量的原水的处理费用进行比较。对于应用毫微过滤（Ｎａｎｏｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎ）、超滤（Ｕｌｔｒａｆｉｌｔ...     

上海市在用车推行I/M制度中检测方法的研究

对在用车实施I/M制度，采用底盘测功机模拟道路工况检测汽车排放污染物，按美国国家环保局（EPA）推荐的方法有3种：瞬态短工总法（IM240）、稳态加速模拟工况法（ASM）和瞬态短工部简易质量分析检测法（VMAS）。根据上海市的试验结果，对上述3种方法的检测精度、设备投资以及运行维护诸方面进行分析比较，阐明上海市采用VMAS方法的依据和应注意的问题，并对应采用的模拟道路工况提出了看法。     

Eggshell colour does not predict measures of maternal investment in eggs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Turdus</Emphasis> thrushes

The striking diversity of avian eggshell colour has long fascinated biologists. Recently, it has been proposed that the blue-green colour of some eggs may function as a post-mating sexually selected signal of female phenotypic quality to their mates to induce higher allocation of paternal care. It has been suggested that maternally deposited yolk carotenoids may be the specific aspect of reproductive quality that the female is signalling via eggshell colour. We use the known properties of the thrush visual system (Turdus sp.) to calculate photon capture for the four single cone photoreceptors, and the principal member of the double cone class for eggs in clutches of two introduced European thrush species (Turdus merula and Turdus philomelos) in New Zealand. We show that differences in the avian-perceived colours of individual eggs are not consistently correlated with different measures of maternal investment in the egg. Given the growing extent of the knowledge between maternal quality, parental investment and eggshell pigmentation across avian taxa, we encourage the use of avian perceptual modelling for testing alternative non-signalling explanations for the structural and physiological basis of these relationships.     

环境保护投资择优标准及其辅助决策模型研究

指出了环境保护投资的优化是区域内相对最优而非点最优。从阐明环保投资与环境质量和环境经济效益之间的关系特征出发,提出新的环保投资择优标准,并给出了依据这一标准的辅助决策模型用于分析环保投资相对优化的问题。      

Sex-biased investment in yolk androgens depends on female quality and laying order in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

The Trivers–Willard hypothesis predicts sex biases in parental investment according to parental condition. In addition, parents may need to sex bias their investment if there is an asymmetry between the sexes in offspring fitness under different conditions. For studying maternal differential investment, egg resources are ideal subjects because they are self contained and allocated unequivocally by the female. Recent studies show that yolk androgens can be beneficial to offspring, so here we test for sex-biased investment with maternal investment of yolk testosterone (T) in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) eggs. From the Trivers–Willard hypothesis, we predicted females to invest more in male eggs in optimum circumstances (e.g. good-condition mother, early-laid egg), and more in female eggs under suboptimal conditions (e.g. poor-condition mother, late-laid egg). This latter prediction is also because in this species there is a female nestling disadvantage in poor conditions and we expected mothers to help compensate for this in female eggs. Indeed, we found more yolk T in female than male eggs. Moreover, in accordance with our predictions, yolk T in male eggs increased with maternal quality relative to female eggs, and decreased with laying order relative to female eggs. This supports our predictions for the different needs and value of male and female offspring in zebra finches. Our results support the idea that females may use yolk androgens as a tool to adaptively manipulate the inequalities between different nestlings.     

新时期环境宣传教育工作的思考和探索

环境保护是一个复杂的社会系统工程，环境宣传教育具有先导和前驱的重要作用，只有充分认识宣教工作的重要意义，建立良好的宣教体制，加大宣教投入，全面提高宣教队伍素质，积极开展宣传教育研究，进一步唤醒人们环境保护的自觉性和责任心，环境保护的目标才能实现。     

城市水业投资模式及BOT模式操作要点

水务行业特许经营在今后一定时间内是解决城市基础设施建设的主要手段之一.它能够解决城市基础设施投资资金短缺的问题;实现基础设施行业投资结构多元化,促进体制改革;引入竞争机制,提高服务质量;引入先进技术与科学的管理手段,提高经营管理效率.本文主要介绍了城市水业投资的模式及其适用条件,并以案例分析的方式讨论了BOT模式的操作要点.     

财政分权对环保投资效率的影响研究——基于DEA-Tobit模型的分析

延续财政分权对环境质量影响的研究,讨论财政分权对环保投资效率的影响.基于中国2004~2014年30个省份的面板数据,在DEA-Tobit模型的研究框架下,测度了各个省份多种类型的环保投资效率,并进一步讨论了财政分权对环保投资效率的影响.实证结果发现,财政分权不利于环保投资效率的改进,特别是不利于建设项目"三同时"环保投资效率、工业污染源治理环保投资效率,以及企业来源环保投资效率的改进.进一步考虑到地区异质性因素,以各地区环保投资额作为门槛变量的分析同样支持上述结论.     

Geographical variation in parasitism shapes larval immune function in a phytophagous insect

Two of the central goals of immunoecology are to understand natural variation in the immune system among populations and to identify those selection pressures that shape immune traits. Maintenance of the immune system can be costly, and both food quality and parasitism selection pressure are factors potentially driving immunocompetence. In tritrophic interactions involving phytophagous insects, host plants, and natural enemies, the immunocompetence of phytophagous insects is constrained by selective forces from both the host plants and the natural enemies. Here, we assessed the roles of host plants and natural enemies as selective pressures on immune variation among natural populations of Lobesia botrana. Our results showed marked geographical variation in immune defenses and parasitism among different natural populations. Larval immune functions were dependent of the host plant quality and were positively correlated to parasitism, suggesting that parasitoids select for greater investment into immunity in moth. Furthermore, investment in immune defense was negatively correlated with body size, suggesting that it is metabolically expensive. The findings emphasize the roles of host plants and parasitoids as selective forces shaping host immune functions in natural conditions. We argue that kinds of study are central to understanding natural variations in immune functions, and the selective forces beyond.     

关于贵州省环境污染治理投资的分析与思考

以统计数据资料,按照工业污染源污染治理投资、建设项目“三同时”投资、城市环境基础设施建设投资3个类别对投资结构、投资地区分布、投资效益几个方面进行了深入分析,剖析了贵州省近年来在环境污染治理投资方面的状况,指出目前环境污染治理投资存在总量不足、结构不合理、机制不健全以及效益不高等问题,并针对上述问题阐述了4条政策措施方面的构想,为贵州省今后有效地进行环境污染治理投资提出了可行的方案。     

杭州市环境保护投资效益分析

用于环境保护的投资,是防治环境污染,保护和改善生态环境的重要条件。本文从环境保护投资比例、资金流向、治理效果、环境质量改善、环境污染损失,以及城市居民健康变化、环境舒适性和审美学等方面,对杭州市近十年环境保护投资的效益进行了分析。