灰色局势决策在水质评价中的应用

介绍了灰色局势决策法的原理和评价过程。该法将评价样本作为事件、水质级别作为对策来构造局势，用效果测度对评价指标（决策目标）统一计量，通过综合决策矩阵确定水质级别。结合实例，将灰色局势决策法与模糊数学法及灰色聚类法进行了对比。     

密切植法在企业环境经济效益评价中的应用

运用多目标决策中的密切值法，对某地７个企业的环境经济效益进行了评价，评价结果与灰色综合评判法相吻合。密切值法简单、不须加权，适合于同行业和不同行业企业间的环境经济效益的评价。     

密切值法在企业环境经济效益评价中的应用

运用多目标决策中的密切值法，对某地７个企业的环境经济效益进行了评价，评价结果与灰色综合评判法相吻合。密切值法简单、不须加权，适合于同行业和不同行业企业间的环境经济效益的评价。     

灰色优序值法与污水处理厂性能评价

将灰色系统理论与多目标决策的优化方法相结合，提出了灰色优序值方法。该方法用灰色隶属函数处理数据，经建立相似度矩阵等过程，最后计算出各评价对象的优序值，得到优劣次序排列，将其应用于各类型的污水厂性能评价之中，所得结果比较符合实际。     

治污投资方向选择的灰靶决策示

依据灰色决策的基本原理，结合治污投资方向选择的决策实际，采用灰靶决策法对治污投资方向进行优化决策，结果表明，灰靶决策法原理直观、计算简便、精确度高，是治污投资方向选择优化决策的一咱有效方法。     

治污投资方向选择的灰靶决策法

依据灰色决策的基本原理，结合治污投资方向选择的决策实际，采用灰靶决策法对治污投资方向进行优化决策，结果表明，灰靶决策法原理直观、计算简便、精确度高，是治污投资方向选择优化决策的一种有效方法。     

层次分析模糊群体决策法评价大气环境质量

提出了层次分析模糊群体决策评价方法以层次分析法作定权方法,采用模糊群体决策法中的Ｂｏｒｄａ法为评价方法,对大气环境质量进行评价,并将评价结果与灰色聚类法,模糊综合评判法所得评价结果进行对比,结果令人满意。     

环境质量评价中的共原点灰色聚类法

以灰色系统理论为基础，提出了共原点灰色聚类分析法，并将其应用于湖泊富营养化程度的差别。与其它评价方法相比，该方法具有监测数据利用率高、分辨率高、评价结果可靠等特点。     

用等斜率灰色聚类法评价衡水电厂大气环境质量现状

前言等斜率灰色聚类法是以等斜率的方式来构成白化函数，从而较大地拓展了各类白化函数所表达的污染范围，并以修正系数对白化函数进行修正，使相邻白化函数在评价级别分界值上具有相同的函数值，避免了边界值附近的误判现象，提高了分辩率，解决了边界值问题。该法既能评价出各评价对象的污染级别，也能同时评价出污染的轻重顺序。本文用等斜率及色聚类法评价衡水电厂大气环境质量现状，其结果与实际是相符的。1评价方法1，王建立白化函数首先选择GB3O95－96（大气环境质量标准》作为分级标准，然后依据分级标准确定评价对象的污染级别，…     

用灰色聚类法进行厂区环境质量评价

通过实例介绍了灰色聚类法的步骤。聚类结果能同时给出评价对象所属的污染级别和各评价对象污染程度的大小,结论与实际情况较吻合。该方法有较强的实用性。     

Test of the Multi Increment Sampling® Method on 14 Playgrounds

The Capital Region of Denmark tested the Multi Increment Sampling^® (MIS) technology at 14 children's playgrounds in the region to assess whether the method provides representative test results and an improved foundation for risk assessment. The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether the previous uses of the playground areas have led to soil contamination that poses a health risk to its current users (children). The unpaved areas of the playgrounds were divided into decision units based on historical data along with the expected patterns of movement from its users. The samples from each unit consisted of 45 to 100 increments were collected from three depths within the upper one‐half meter. Furthermore, triplicate samples were taken from the upper sampling depth in at least one unit for quality control purposes. The investigation results showed excellent consistency between the pollution parameters and contamination levels in different decision units for each playground. The decision units where high levels of soil contamination exist coincide well with the previous site history. The MIS method has proven to be expensive and time consuming. However, in the future it will be easier to implement as we gain more experience with use of this method.  ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于灰色关联度的西安市水环境承载力状况评价

结合西安市生态社会经济现状,建立与水环境系统密切相关的承载力指标体系;采用AHP法分析确定评价指标的权重,应用灰色关联度法和模糊综合评判构建水环境承载力评价模型,收集近年数据对西安市水环境承载力进行现状评价。结果表明,西安市水环境承载力从2000年的脆弱到2009年的良好大致呈现连年增强的趋势。但从隶属度矩阵发现,增长的动力来源于经济的良好发展势头,而生态系统已经遭到较严重的破坏,且修复不利,同时科技发展对承载力的贡献也呈现逐年下降趋势。研究表明,解决西安市水环境未来面临的恶化趋势的关键在于加速雨水资源化进程推进。     

湿法烟气脱硫系统中烟气换热器的灰色综合评价

将灰色综合评价分析法引入湿法脱硫系统的烟气换热器综合评价,从技术和经济两个方面探讨了综合评价、优选烟气换热器的方法和过程,并以3种典型的烟气换热器技术为例进行了实际计算,给出了评价结果。     

灰色摆动序列的GM（1,1）拟合建模法及其应用

建立了灰色摆动序列ＧＭ（１,１）动态指数变换拟合建模方法,对某地工业固体废物产生量的预测结果表明,该法合理有效,切实可行,并有良好的精度。     

Theoretical Investigation of Urban Air Quality Management Systems Performance Towards Simplified Strategic Environmental Planning

Urban Air Quality Management Systems are software tools that combine air quality models with various software modules like geographical information systems, databases, expert systems and statistical analysis tools. Such systems try to interpret as accurately as possible the complex interactions between various atmospheric, emission, land use and topographic parameters involved in the air pollution management problem, in order to provide support for environmental strategic planning and decision making. As this process involves a huge set of parameters, some of which may only be roughly estimated, air quality management systems tend to aggregate parameters in order to simplify their analysis and make it more effective and operational. Yet, this aggregation may lead to deviations in the analysis results, as proved in this theoretical article, and thus influence the decision making and strategic planning process. According to the findings of this article, such a policy making process should focus primarily on short term measures when dealing with air pollution episode management.     

Evaluation of remedial countermeasures using the analytic network process

The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation method to aid decision makers in the prioritization and selection of appropriate countermeasures at the planning stage of site remediation. We introduced a hierarchical network (hiernet) decision structure and applied the Analytic Network Process (ANP) supermatrix approach to measure the relative desirability of the remedial alternatives using the decision maker's value judgment as input. A simplified illustrative example is presented to elucidate the process, as it is being applied to evaluate the feasible remedial countermeasures of a contaminated site caused by uncontrolled landfill. Four decision models derived from the generalized hiernet were examined to describe the effect of hierarchic functional dependence, inner dependence and feedback cycle on the derivation of the priority weights. The ANP could provide a more flexible analytical framework to break down one's judgment through a more elaborate structure in a systematic way to understand the complexity of the decision problem. The proposed method therefore may not only aid in selecting the best alternative but also may help to facilitate communication to understand why an alternative is preferred over the other alternatives through the analysis of the derived weights and its underlying decision structure.     

Evaluating impact level of different factors in environmental impact assessment for incinerator plants using GM (1, N) model

In this study, the impact levels in environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports of 10 incinerator plants were quantified and discussed. The relationship between the quantified impact levels and the plant scale factors of BeiTou, LiZe, BaLi, LuTsao, RenWu, PingTung, SiJhou and HsinChu were constructed, and the impact levels of the GangShan (GS) and YongKong (YK) plants were predicted using grey model GM (1, N). Finally, the effects of plant scale factors on impact levels were evaluated using grey model GM (1, N) too. According to the predicted results of GM, the relative errors of topography/geology/soil, air quality, hydrology/water quality, solid waste, noise, terrestrial fauna/flora, aquatic fauna/flora and traffic in the GS plant were 17%, 14%, 15%, 17%, 75%, 16%, 13%, and 37%, respectively. The relative errors of the same environmental items in the YK plant were 1%, 18%, 10%, 40%, 37%, 3%, 25% and 33%, respectively. According to GM (1, N), design capacity (DC) and heat value (HV) were the plant scale factors that affected the impact levels significantly in each environmental item, and thus were the most significant plant scale factors. GM (1, N) was effective in predicting the environmental impact and analyzing the reasonableness of the impact. If there is an EIA for a new incinerator plant to be reviewed in the future, the official committee of the Taiwan EPA could review the reasonableness of impact levels in EIA reports quickly.     

基于“情景-应对”模式的危险化学品泄漏应急决策系统的构建

危险化学品泄漏事故严重威胁到社会和环境安全。危化品泄漏事故发生后,快速找到泄漏源并及时采取应对措施是面临的主要任务。构建了基于一般风场的危化品泄漏事故情景库,利用Coyote实验验证了情景库在危化品泄漏事故中反演溯源的效果,据此建立了基于“情景-应对”模式的危险化学品泄漏应急决策系统,并应用于氯气泄漏事故的应急救援中。该方法具有使用方便、决策速度快、救援效率高等特点,对危化品泄漏事故的应急决策具有重要的现实意义。     

A new paradigm for waste management

The concept ‘waste' was assessed, and redefined as ‘an emerged quality of a substance'. A substance or object is qualified a waste when it is not used to its full potential'. Under this paradigm, any process can be used for the transformation of waste to remove this quality label, and the necessity of a systemic approach to the resource and waste management becomes obvious. Any substance, labelled waste or resource, is part of at least one material cycle. Material cycle modelling provides a convenient method of abstraction to present the system alternatives to decision-makers and emphasises the interdependence between the availability and fate of all atomic elements in primary production and waste management. The rearrangement and closing of material cycles, for example, opens the way to eliminate landfills of harmful residues and contributes to the conservation of resources. While the adoption of the new paradigm may lead to dramatic technological development, the consideration, appreciation and adoption of such integrated resource and waste systems by decision-makers must be adequately supported by the apt supply of accessible information on system structure, technology options and effects. To determine the scope of the decision support tool, four images of 2030's waste infrastructure were constructed. Public awareness and attitude were identified as the main parameters that determine the future context, apart from technological development, resource scarcity and final abatement of waste processing residues.