共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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闪石族矿物是成分和结构最复杂的造岩矿物之一.至今,闪石族的晶体化学类型只能以化学方法为主,同时结合穆斯堡尔及X射线结构分析的结果来判别。Zussman,J.在1955年就已否定了用X-射线粉末数据来估算闪石的成分的任何可能性.他认为:由于闪石族矿物的阳离子晶位有七种之多(含T位),每个晶位都存在着至少三种不同元素离 相似文献
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<正> 不言而喻,造岩矿物的研究不仅对矿物学,而且对岩石学以至地质学的发展,都是一个重要的环节。除了一部分造岩矿物外,多数造岩矿物都是极为复杂的,尽管其种类不多,但现在想掌握其全貌尚有困难,因为造岩矿物是多元系化学反应的结果,而且大 相似文献
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<正> 一.前言 电子显微镜(简称电镜)问世已近50年,在40多年前就被用来研究某些矿物学问题。但是,由于绝大多数矿物样品制备的困难及早期电镜性能等方面的问题,使其在矿物学上的应用一直停滞不前。直到70年代,由于高分辨率和超高压透射电镜的出现,并与选区电子衍射、X射线能量分析等多种测试手段相联合,同时也出现了离子束减薄制样装置,才使电镜在矿物学研究方面得到迅速发展,人们长期以来梦寐以求想直接观察矿物晶体构造的渴望终于实现了。在过去十多年中,通过使用现代电镜对矿物单位晶胞大小的结 相似文献
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<正> 由于近来在粘土矿物学方面几乎没有取得什么进展,因此这篇评论文章将要从比1980年更早的一些时候开始。 对土壤和沉积粘土矿物的晶体结构、表面结构、矿物成分和化学成分的深入细致的研究继续在发展。人们已采用了比较精密的物理和化学方法,如扫描电子显微镜,高分辨电子显微镜,穆斯鲍尔效应,红外光谱,X射线光电子能谱以及中子衍射和散射分析。 相似文献
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花岗岩铀地球化学特征新认识——以赣南富城产铀花岗岩体为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对富城花岗岩U、T h含量分析结果进行的频数统计分析表明富城花岗岩U的均值为8.92×1-0 6、众数为8.0×10-6、中位数为7.03×1-0 6,其概率密度曲线偏向高端呈右偏非对称分布(偏度系数CSK=1.10)。T h的均值、众数和中位数三者一致,分别为25.7×10-6,25.75×10-6,25.8×1-0 6,其概率密度曲线呈对称正态分布(偏度系数CSK=0.11)。核诱发裂变径迹研究查明富城花岗岩中铀有4种存在形式:(1)显微粒状铀矿物(晶质铀矿);(2)以类质同像形式存在于锆石、磷灰石等副矿物之中;(3)均匀分散赋存在造岩矿物晶格之中的结构铀;(4)沿造岩矿物(长石、石英)微裂隙及粒间分布的非结构铀。对富城花岗岩铀配分研究发现,赋存在造岩矿物中均匀分散状的结构铀含量与全岩铀不呈消长关系,而是存在一定的极限值:长石、石英<3×1-0 6,白云母<5×10-6,黑云母<9×10-6。溶浸实验结果表明,富城花岗岩活动性铀浸出率很高(平均值52%),为富城花岗岩具有较大铀成矿潜力提供了佐证。 相似文献
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Wei Li Longjun Wang Fan Liu Xiaoliang Liang Xionghan Feng Wenfeng Tan Lirong Zheng Hui Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(7):18-27
Al substitution in goethite is common in soils, and has strong influence on the structure and physicochemical properties of goethite. In this research, a series of Al-doped goethites were synthesized, and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The adsorption behavior of these samples towards PO43 − was also investigated. Characterization results demonstrated that increasing Al content in goethite led to a reduction in crystallinity, increase in specific surface area (SSA), and morphology change from needle-like to granular. Rietveld structure refinement revealed that the lattice parameter a remained almost constant and b slightly decreased, but c was significantly reduced, and the calculated crystal density increased. EXAFS analysis demonstrated that the Fe(Al)–O distance in the structure of the doped goethites was almost the same, but the Fe–Fe(Al) distance decreased with increasing Al content. Surface analysis showed that, with increasing Al content, the content of OH groups on the mineral surface increased. The adsorption of phosphate per unit mass of Al-doped goethite increased, while adsorption per unit area decreased owing to the decrease of the relative proportion of (110) facets in the total surface area of the minerals. The results of this research facilitate better understanding of the effect of Al substitution on the structure and properties of goethite and the cycling of phosphate in the environment. 相似文献
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Zhiqiao He Qiaolan Cai Huiying Fang Gaohua Situ Jianping Qiu Shuang Song Jianmeng Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(12):2460-2468
A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80:20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. 相似文献
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分布在世界各地的K/T界面剖面,尽管形成环境各异,但彼此之间的岩石矿物特征却有许多共同之处。对于大多数剖面来说,界面粘土层的底都普遍存在着一个结构特别的冲击层。冲击层的厚度在全球的分布并不均匀,北美和加勒比海地区可达2~50cm,而其它地区则只有几厘米。冲击层的厚度可能反映了距离撞击坑的远近。详细的岩石与矿物学研究结果表明,在北美和加勒比海地区冲击层实际上具有双层结构特征。上面的一层称为火球层,除了富集Ir和其它地外指示元素外,还含有大量的烟灰和富Ni镁铁尖晶石。下面的溅射层则含有大量的冲击玻璃球粒(玻璃陨石)和冲击变质矿物。K/T界面冲击层的发现为Ir异常的地外撞击成因解释提供了更为直接的物理证据。 相似文献
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Soils contain diverse colloidal particles whose properties are pertinent to ecological and human health, whereas few investigations systematically analyze the surface properties of these particles. The objective of this study was to elucidate the surface properties of particles within targeted size ranges (i.e. > 10, 1–10, 0.5–1, 0.2–0.5 and < 0.2 μm) for a purple soil (Entisol) and a yellow soil (Ultisol) using the combined determination method. The mineralogy of corresponding particle-size fractions was determined by X-ray diffraction. We found that up to 80% of the specific surface area and 85% of the surface charge of the entire soil came from colloidal-sized particles (< 1 μm), and almost half of the specific surface area and surface charge came from the smallest particles (< 0.2 μm). Vermiculite, illite, montmorillonite and mica dominated in the colloidal-sized particles, of which the smallest particles had the highest proportion of vermiculite and montmorillonite. For a given size fraction, the purple soil had a larger specific surface area, stronger electrostatic field, and higher surface charge than the yellow soil due to differences in mineralogy. Likewise, the differences in surface properties among the various particle-size fractions can also be ascribed to mineralogy. Our results indicated that soil surface properties were essentially determined by the colloidal-sized particles, and the < 0.2 μm nanoparticles made the largest contribution to soil properties. The composition of clay minerals within the diverse particle-size fractions could fully explain the size distributions of surface properties. 相似文献
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为研究厦门近海海域表层沉积物的结构特征、组成及来源,于2010年7月采集厦门湾表层沉积物,综合粒径分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法对沉积物进行表征。粒径分析的结果表明,沉积物的主体粒径在80μm附近,且有明显的次粒级峰,并以粗颗粒的主体粒级峰占有优势。研究的沉积物类型主要有三种,砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂-粉砂,其中砂质粉砂是分布最广泛的沉积物类型区域沉积物,其含量达90%以上;而粘土含量以背景点鸡屿岛为最高,达到11.97%。X射线衍射分析表明,沉积物中优势轻矿物为石英、高岭石,部分区域含有石墨及一些零星分布的伊利石、海绿石和斜绿泥石。这些矿物组成显示了厦门湾海域表层沉积物具有较好的亲陆性,同时,其组成也受到了涨潮流的较大影响。沉积物形貌形态的研究发现,厦门湾沉积物组分较为复杂,其中含有多种藻类及其碎片(主要为硅藻)、矿物颗粒(高岭石)及未知名碎片;形状主要有孔状结构、层叠状结构、长条片状和不规则的六边形块状等。 相似文献