秦皇岛旅游季气象条件分析

利用秦皇岛气象观测站1999—2016年6月—9月的常规气象资料,对气温、相对湿度、降水、风、日照时数、雾、高温、强对流天气等影响旅游的气象要素进行特征分析。结果表明:秦皇岛旅游季空气相对湿度与气温的组合使人体感觉舒适,日照充足、光线强度适中,凉爽的海风和适中的风速让人感觉凉爽惬意。6月、9月是旅游、疗养的最佳季节;7月、8月是旅游度假、畅游大海的极佳时节。大雨、雾和高温等影响旅游的不利气象因子对秦皇岛旅游季的影响不大。     

西宁市人居环境气候舒适度评价

利用西宁市4个国家基本气象站1961～2018年的年、月、旬历史气象资料,按照国家标准《人居环境气候舒适度评价》的评估方法,对西宁市人居环境气候舒适度进行分析。结果表明:年度评价为2级,感觉偏冷和较不舒服,近年来趋于3级,感觉舒适。旅游季节从4月中旬开始,10月中旬结束,没有适宜旅游期和最适宜旅游期,这一结果反映了西宁夏季凉爽的气候特点。用温湿指数、人体舒适度指数等模型计算出的较舒适期天数在年际和年代际间均呈上升趋势;较舒适期天数在年际间存在突变(增多)现象,对该地区旅游业发展是一个有利因素。     

四川金堂县生态旅游气候资源评价

对四川省金堂县生态旅游资源的统计分析和评价表明,该地区属第一类生态旅游圈,生态旅游资源极富异趣.利用近10年气象资料逐日计算人体舒适度,平均每年舒适天数182d,为一类地区;适宜旅游的时段是3月下旬～6月下旬和9月上旬～11月中旬.     

高分辨率对湖南凤凰旅游气候舒适度与客流量年内变化相关性分析

利用湖南凤凰2009-2011年逐句气象统计数据,高分辨率对湖南凤凰旅游气候舒适性进行评价.在此基础上,采用OLS方法分析了客流量年内变化与气候舒适度指数的相关性.结果表明,入境客流量年内变化主要受天气和气候变化的影响,客流量旬指数的气候弹性系数为0.58％;国内客流量年内变化主要受气候变化、人们工作及休闲制度的影响,客流量旬指数的气候弹性系数为0.34％.本研究为丰富旅游气候研究以及旅游业发展规划、旅游项目开发和景区管理提供科学依据.     

黟县乡村旅游深度开发研究

黟县乡村旅游资源丰富,旅游经济地位突出,但与打造"现代国际乡村旅游综合示范区"的目标尚有距离.在分析黟县乡村旅游发展现状的基础上,剖析了其存在的问题,并进一步从产品体系设计、基础设施建设、旅游环境保护和旅游管理水平等方面提出了相关建议,以期为黟县乡村旅游的深度开发提供有益参考.     

基于SERVQUAL模型的乡村旅游服务质量提升研究

SERVQUAL模型为提升乡村旅游服务质量提供了一个基本的分析框架.依据SERVQUAL模型的基本原理,结合乡村旅游的服务内容和特点,对乡村旅游服务质量的构成要素进行了改进,指出应确立合理的旅游者预期,并从基础设施和旅游公共服务体系建设、产品特色与乡村性保持、社区参与、人才培训四个方面提高旅游者对乡村旅游目的地和产品的服务感知.     

中国乡村旅游客源市场研究

随着中国工业化、城市化进程的发展,越来越多的人选择到乡村去旅游,这是人们释放心理压力、回归大自然的需求,因此乡村旅游发展非常迅速。2006年我国把旅游主题确定为“乡村旅游年”,这更加说明了乡村旅游的重要性。从乡村旅游客源市场作为研究出发点,简要介绍了乡村旅游的背景和概念,研究了乡村旅游客源市场现状,最后给出了市场推广的主体与媒介。     

乡村旅游宜居性的开发研究

乡村旅游是旅游活动在乡村聚落空间中演化出的一种旅游业态,即在乡村空间进行的各类旅游活动.乡村旅游的最初发展是外有发达的城市经济群落,内容丰富的乡村民俗活动、特色的乡村农产果品、可口的乡村美食、个性鲜明的农业生产方式,借助这些内外因素,乡村推出了苗木花圃游、民俗观光游、水果采摘游、美食(土菜)品尝游、生产方式体验游等产品.然而,乡村休闲度假旅游的发展必须有宜人的自然环境、宜居的住宿空间、便捷的休闲设施、宜游的乡间通道.通过对国内外乡村旅游发展的研究,乡村体验休闲度假旅游的发展,宜居是其核心要素,也是乡村旅游可持续发展的关键环节.在宜居理念的指导下,从气候、环境、绿化、安全、设施等要素出发,探析乡村旅游开发的路径,为乡村休闲度假这一高端旅游方式提供策略.     

基于社区参与的乡村旅游研究——以江西婺源县为例

对乡村旅游的概念进行了界定,分析指出社区参与是乡村旅游可持续发展的必然选择,认为利益相关者的利益分配机制理论研究不足是社区参与乡村旅游的制约瓶颈.以江西省婺源县为例,剖析了婺源县在乡村旅游发展过程中的成功之处与存在的问题,并对婺源县乡村旅游可持续发展给出了几点战略性思考.研究的意义在于,能给今后学界对社区参与乡村旅游的理论和实践研究进行导向,以期研究取得突破性的进展.     

两型乡村旅游发展水平评价指标体系探究

两型乡村旅游是一种新的旅游理念,其功能有促进旅游经济发展方式和消费方式的改变,优化旅游产业结构,普及科学技术知识,创新旅游资源管理理念和体制,推动旅游资源可持续利用,实现环境友好和社区和谐.在分析两型乡村旅游内涵和功能的基础上,构建了对乡村旅游地的发展具有指导意义的两型乡村旅游发展水平评价的初始指标体系.     

Levels of lead in blood in residents of Kuwait

Following an examination of blood samples from 1000 persons from Kuwait, a number of important differences in the levels of lead in the blood were noted. There were significant differences between the sexes living in the same residential area. Certain significant lead in blood differences were also found between females and males who dyed their hair, and between smokers and non-smokers. Lead in blood concentrations were also tested for the various blood groups of the respondents. It was noted that O⁺ blood group respondents were found to have higher lead levels than those of other major blood groups.     

Assessment of flooding impacts in terms of sustainability in mainland China

An understanding of flood impact in terms of sustainability is vital for long-term disaster risk reduction. This paper utilizes two important concepts: conventional insurance related flood risk for short-term damage by specific flood events, and long-term flood impact on sustainability. The Insurance Related Flood Risk index, IRFR, is defined as the product of the Flood Hazard Index (FHI) and Vulnerability. The Long-term Flood Impact on Sustainability index, LFIS, is the ratio of the flood hazard index to the Sustainable Development Index (SDI). Using a rapid assessment approach, quantitative assessments of IRFR and LFIS are carried out for 2339 counties and cities in mainland China. Each index is graded from ‘very low’ to ‘very high’ according to the eigenvalue magnitude of cluster centroids. By combining grades of FHI and SDI, mainland China is then classified into four zones in order to identify regional variations in the potential linkage between flood hazard and sustainability. Zone I regions, where FHI is graded ‘very low’ or ‘low’ and SDI is ‘medium’ to ‘very high’, are mainly located in western China. Zone II regions, where FHI and SDI are ‘medium’ or ‘high’, occur in the rapidly developing areas of central and eastern China. Zone III regions, where FHI and SDI are ‘very low’ or ‘low’, correspond to the resource-based areas of western and north-central China. Zone IV regions, where FHI is ‘medium’ to ‘very high’ and SDI is ‘very low’ to ‘low’, occur in ecologically fragile areas of south-western China. The paper also examines the distributions of IRFR and LFIS throughout mainland China. Although 57% of the counties and cities have low IRFR values, 64% have high LFIS values. The modal values of LFIS are ordered as Zone I < Zone II ≈ Zone III < Zone IV; whereas the modal values of IRFR are ordered as Zone I < Zone III < Zone IV < Zone II. It is recommended that present flood risk policies be altered towards a more sustainable flood risk management strategy in areas where LFIS and IRFR vary significantly, with particular attention focused on Zone IV regions, which presently experience poverty and a deteriorating eco-system.     

生物体内有机氯农药的研究进展

有机氯农药是高残留农药，进入生物体后会长期残留，对生物体产生危害。近年来，生物体中的有机氯农药的研究越来越引起各国环境化学家、生态学家的重视，渐渐成为环境化学、生态毒理学研究的热点之一。本文总结了近年来国际上有关生物体内有机氯农药的研究进展情况，以及所取得的主要研究成果。     

Closure of Disputes in Assessments of Climate Change in The Netherlands

2 greenhouse gases in assessment studies. For the cases studied, we identify variability in the assessment reports in the Netherlands during the pre-IPCC period. In the Netherlands arena, the assessments in this period can be seen as exponents of two different lines, a Netherlands line and an international line. We seek to identify what factors were decisive in the selection processes that resulted in the closure of visible disputes (visible in or across the assessment reports) for both cases. Our analysis reveals a remarkable difference in the adoption behavior of two Dutch assessment groups despite a large overlap in membership. We provide evidence that it is not the paradigmatic predisposition of the experts in the committee that was decisive for the closure of visible disputes, but it was the context in which the experts operated and the commitments they had made in each setting.     

攀西地区主要蔬菜和水果基地土壤Zn污染调查研究

根据各水果、蔬菜基地的分区定点采样结果的对比分析,研究了四川省攀西地区主要蔬菜和水果基地土壤中Zn含量。结果表明,该区土壤Zn平均值范围在75．0～160mg／kg之间。各基地土壤平均锌含量顺序为：撒莲蔬菜基地〉攀莲蔬菜基地〉会理石榴基地〉大田石榴基地〉西区芒果、桂圆基地〉仁和芒果基地〉盐边芒果、枇杷基地。7个基地中有3个基地的土壤锌含量不同程度超过土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准,其中以大田石榴基地超标最高（16％）,平均值却是两个蔬菜基地最高。     

铜陵铜官山矿区土壤重金属污染状况研究

通过野外调查和室内分析,研究了铜陵铜官山铜矿区土壤重金属含量,并采用单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法对铜官山土壤污染程度进行评价.研究结果表明,研究区土壤Cu、Zn、As、Hg平均含量高于当地的土壤背景值,土壤已受Cu、Zn、As重污染,受Hg轻污染.不同样点土壤重金属含量存在较大差异,其中处于选矿厂附近的9到16号样点土壤重金属污染情况较其它样点相对较重,15和16号样点的重金属单项污染指数和综合污染指数都很高,污染状况在所有样点中最为严重.     

高校参与社区精神文明建设的思考

高等院校汇集了多方面的人才,是社会主义精神文明建设的重要阵地。如何发挥其优势为社区精神文明建设服务?本文从多方面论述了高校主动参与社区精神文明建设的指导思想、意义、优势、思路和途径。     

Role of Wild Game in the Diet of Recreationists in South Carolina

Risk assessors have devoted considerable attention to the consumption of fish in the diet of recreational and subsistence anglers, but little attention has been directed toward the percentage that wild game contributes to total protein intake for people who engage in hunting and fishing. While recall studies have limitations, the relative errors should be similar for different types of fish and game. We interviewed 454 people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic in South Carolina to determine their consumption patterns of domesticated animals, fish (both wild-caught and commercial) and wild game. The percentage of people who consumed each type of meat was: chicken (98%); beef (95%); wild-caught fish (79%); deer (79%); restaurant fish (73%); pork (71%); dove (47%); commercial fish (41%); wild turkey (40%), duck, squirrel and self-caught quail (about 25% each); restaurant quail (10%); and raccoon (11%). Although a similar proportion of white respondents and black respondents consumed wild game overall (90%), there were ethnic differences in the number of meals of wild-caught fish and game. Black respondents ate more wild-caught fish, rabbit, raccoon and squirrel, and less deer, than did white respondents. Wild-caught fish and game made up 50% of the meat and fish diet of black sportsmen, but only 32% for whites. Wild-caught fish and game were being eaten disproportionately more by low-income black respondents, while more deer was consumed by higher-income black respondents. The data suggest that managers and planners should take into account age, ethnicity and income when (1) conducting exposure assessments, (2) considering consumption patterns for wild-caught fish and game and (3) managing risk from wild-caught fish and game. The data will be especially useful to policy makers and risk managers who are designing consumption advisories, for risk communicators in identifying the target audience and for managers designing long-term stewardship for sites with contamination.     

生态功能区划在县域可持续发展指标体系中的应用

在分析县域可持续发展指标体系特点的基础上,从生态功能区划依据的原则、目标等方面,深入论述了生态功能区划在县域可持续发展指标体系中的三方面作用,提出了应用生态功能区划结果对某一区域内不同县域的可持续发展状况分类别进行评价的观点。     

国土资源开发利用的综合效益分析

用定量与定性相结合的方法 ,系统分析了国土资源在开发过程中所表现出来的各种社会、经济和生态方面的数量关系和指标 ,并用经济学的基本模型 ,从国土资源开发的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益上总结了这种关系。最后提出了国土资源开发利用的综合效益就是社会效益、经济效益、生态效益的统一 ,经济效益是社会效益和生态效益基础的观点。