《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》正式实施

《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》于2011年1月1日起正式实施。这个针对电子垃圾的专门性条例的出台,对于完善废旧家电回收利用、保护生态环境必要而及时。治理电子垃圾污染,关键是要建立一个科学的回收、利用电子垃圾管理体系。目前,一些发达国家和地区已先后出台了有关废旧家电处理的法律和措施,鼓励企业采取先进工艺收集废旧电器,进行回收利用。日本对家电中的铜、铁、     

废旧电子产品回收需转变消费理念

随着我国社会经济的高速发展,电子垃圾数量急速增长,不仅对生态环境产生不利影响,处理不当也会对人体健康造成危害。由于国内缺乏正规有资质的回收渠道和资源循环企业,电子垃圾污染问题一直难以得到有效改善。近日,本刊记者对坐落在苏州工业园的富士施乐爱科制造(苏州)有限公司进行了参观和采访。作为中国大     

Eco engineering for wastes treatment in process of alcohol production

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅａｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｆｏｒｈｕｍａｎｂｅｉｎｇｓｔｏｆｉｎｄａｔｒａｄｅｏｆｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏ...     

Co-inhibition of methanogens for methane mitigation in biodegradable wastes

The inhibition effects and mechanisms of chlorinated methane and acetylene on methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion process of the biodegradable wastes were investigated.It was found that both chloroform and acetylene could effectively inhibit methanogens while the biodegradability of the wastes was not affected.Acetylene inhibited the activity of methanogens,while chloroform inhibited metabolic process of methanogenesis.A central composite design (CCD) and response surface regression analysis (RSREG) were employed to determine the optimum conditions and interaction effects of chloroform and acetylene in terms of inhibition efficiency,production of volatile fatty acids and molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid.Chloroform had significant effect on enhancing the production of VFA (F = 121.3;p<0.01),and acetylene promoted the inhibition efficiency (F = 99.15;p<0.05) more effectively than chloroform (F = 9.72;p>0.05).In addition,a maximum molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid of 1.208 was estimated under the optimum conditions of chloroform concentration of 9.05 mg/kg and acetylene concentration of 3.6×10-3 (V/V).Hence,methanogens in the wastes can be inhibited while the stabilization process of the biodegradable wastes can still work well,as propionic acid generated during the inhibition process could hardly be utilized by methanogens.     

Effect of airflow on biodrying of gardening wastes in reactors

Biodrying consists of reducing moisture by using the heat from aerobic bio-degradation.The parameters that control the process are:aeration,temperature during the process,initial moisture of biowaste,and temperature and relative humidity of the input air.Lawn mowing and garden waste from the gardens of the University Jaume I,Castellón(Spain)were used as a substrate.Biodrying was performed in 10 reactors with known air volumes from 0.88 to 6.42 L/(min·kg dry weight).To promote aeration,5 of the reactors had 15% of a bulking agent added.The experiment lasted 20 days.After the experiments it was found that the bulking agent led to greater weight loss.However,the increased airflow rate was not linearly proportional to the weight loss.     

我国城市固体废弃物资源及其能源潜力

我国每年产生的城市固体废弃物达５亿吨之多，其有机成分所占的比例较高；若全部焚烧发电，其能源潜力为１．２×１０１２度，大约相当于１９９０年我国发电总量６．２×１０１１度的两倍；按其所含能量估算，其能源潜力为２．７２×１０１５ＫＪ，相当于９３００万吨标准煤，即相当于１９８１年我国能源消费总量５．５亿吨标准煤的六分之一。     

Techno-economic assessment of recycling practices of municipal solid wastes in Cyprus

In this study, the application of modern recycling technologies in accordance with the European and Cyprus legislation, aiming at the recovery of paper, glass, plastics, aluminium and non-ferrous metals from municipal solid waste (MSW) is presented. The international situation was reviewed, the general trends are marked and the main recycling practices treatments are reported. The paper presents also an overview of the current practices and their environmental implications in Cyprus, and discusses the design and feasibility of a recycling plant located in Pafos area. Three recycling practices for recyclables that were separated at source, varied by their level of automation (0%, 50%, 100%), have been studied from the technical and economic aspect. It was considered that source segregation of organic part from the MSW takes place and no organic matter reaches the recycling plant. A sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to define the most significant parameters affecting the viability of a recycling scheme. It is proved that a fully automated recycling plant with a capacity of 6 tn/h of recyclables located in the industrial area of Pafos, seems to be conditionally feasible and economically profitable solution.     

中国典型社会源危险废物的资源潜力分析

对中国典型社会源危险废物的潜在资源量进行了预测与估算.在界定社会源危险废物概念和构建其物质代谢模型的基础上,根据GM（1,1）灰色预测模型及Weibull寿命分布模型,利用2006~2015年中国典型社会源危险废物原产品消费的时间序列样本数据,模拟了其消费量和报废量的动态变化趋势,进一步建立了潜在资源量预测模型并分析了潜在资源的再利用价值.据预测,2025年中国将产生废旧铅酸电池4.16亿kW·h、节能灯6.34亿支和线路板1.09亿m²,可回收的资源总量达1200万t以上,包括贵金属0.15万t、具有环境危害性的重金属368万t和其它可回收资源879万t.     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化水解机理及动力学模型研究

对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化水解产物溶出规律进行了研究,证实扩散限制作用是导致水解速率出现滞后现象的主要原因.在考虑扩散作用影响的前提下,对餐厨垃圾水解机理作了必要补充阐述,并根据补充后的水解机理建立了餐厨垃圾水解分段动力学模型,并在模型中引入了扩散阻力系数.通过试验求得不同粒径(20mm、40mm、60mm)餐厨垃圾的扩散阻力系数分别为1.42、2.12、2.78.进一步分析表明,扩散阻力系数的变化基本符合指数函数规律,可将分段模型合并为统一的经验动力学模型.模型验证结果表明,预测值与实验值较为接近,能够描述餐厨垃圾的水解过程.     

厨余垃圾厌氧消化产甲烷速率经验模型的修正研究

分别通过单相和两相厌氧消化实验,对厨余垃圾产甲烷累积产量曲线进行了拟合.结果表明,单相厌氧消化产甲烷累积产量曲线符合二次函数关系,相关系数(R2)为0.9982;两相厌氧消化产甲烷累积产量曲线符合线性函数关系,相关系数(R2)为0.9972.以拟合函数为基础,在考虑系统负荷的前提下,建立了基准状态下的产甲烷速率经验模型,通过引入pH抑制系数和氨氮抑制系数对建立的产甲烷速率经验模型进行了修正.对经验修正模型预测结果进行了实验验证及误差分析.结果表明, 在检验水平a=0.01条件下,单相厌氧第1组和第2组试验数据试验数据与模型预测值的显著性检验统计量F分别为486.22和268.63,均远大于临界值(F0.99(1,58)=7.12);两相厌氧第1组试验数据和第2组试验数据与模型预测值的显著性检验统计量F分别为421.69和372.56,也远高于其临界值(F0.99(1,58)=7.12).说明该模型能很好地预测单相和两相厌氧消化产甲烷累积产量,且计算过程简单.     

3D打印技术在固体废弃物资源循环中的应用

打印材料是限制3D打印技术发展和推广应用的瓶颈问题,目前已经发现部分固体废弃物与3D打印的契合度很高,可以用于制备3D打印材料.本文综述了4类可以用于3D打印的固体废弃物,包括硅铝基废弃物、农林废弃物、废旧塑料和废旧金属,着重讨论了这4类废弃物制备3D打印材料的方法以及废弃物的添加对原打印材料造成的影响,同时分析了当前...