工信部：我国电子产品污染控制认证工作正式启动

日前,由工业和信息化部与中国国家认证认可监督管理委员会联合主办的《国家统一推行的电子信息产品污染控制自愿性认证实施意见》宣传贯彻会召开,这标志着由国家统一推行的电子信息产品污染控制自愿性认证工作正式启动。     

电子“垃圾”其实可以零污染

周末的早晨,你可曾被这样的吆喝声吵醒?"回收旧电视洗衣机,回收旧电脑打印机……" 不知从什么时候开始,很多居民小区的街头巷尾多了这样一群人,他们吆喝着"旧彩电每台50元,旧洗衣机每台30元,旧电脑45元,旧打印机……"走在大街小巷,废品回收小贩们的"流动广告"也随处可见.很多人没有意识到,这些电子垃圾已经通过这样的渠道,流通在我们身边的每个角落.当这些旧家电、旧电脑和打印机经过简单处理翻新后,它们还会悄悄回到我们身边,再次"循环"污染,而那些无法使用的电子电器产品和废弃的零部件则会不断地污染空气、土壤和水源,成为永远无法消除的污染源.     

Mercury pollution and control in China

Before 1970s the Second Songhua River and Ji Canal of China had been polluted seriously by mercury. During peak pollution period, mercury levels in water, sediment and fish body of these rivers were close to or even higher than that of famous Minamata Bay of Japan. Some residents who live near to the polluted rivers were affected and the methyl mercury values in their blood, hair and urine were higher than normal people obviously . Since the fish had decreased even vanished in these rivers, so the food chain that transfers mercury to human also was out off almostly. However, nervous symptoms of Minamata disease were discovered among fisherman who had eaten more fishes. This report relates the stories about the mercury pollution of the Second Songhua River and Ji Canal.     

污染源管理信息化建设的思考

污染源管理是环境监管的重点,信息化是提高污染源管理水平的重要手段。阐述污染源管理信息化现状,分析污染源管理信息来源及信息化发展中的不足,提出加强基层环保部门污染源监管信息化建设的建议,为污染源管理信息化建设提供借鉴。     

Water pollution and its control in China

Based on comprehensive analysis of the status, major characteristics and regulation of regional differentiation of water pollution in China, the following counter measures for control water pollution were suggested: Overall planning and rational allocation; Comprehensive utilization and technical reform; Strengthening environmental management and the legal system.     

Air pollution and its control in China

The rapid growth of China’s economy has led to severe air pollution characterized by acid rain, severe pollution in cities, and regional air pollution. High concentrations are found for various pollutants such as sulfur dioxides (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and fine particulates. Great efforts have thus been undertaken for the control of air pollution in the country. This paper discusses the development and application of appropriate technologies for reducing the major pollutants produced by coal and vehicles, and investigates air quality modeling as an important support for policy-making.     

Diagnosis and recommendations for transjurisdictional water pollution management in China

Large-scale water environmental deterioration is one of the most prominent environmental issues in current China. Transjurisdictional water pollution is an important reason for water environmental deterioration of river basins, and currently there are some major defects that exist in China's management system related to transjurisdictional water pollution. With seven major river basins in China as an object of study, this paper is designed to perform a diagnosis of major problems about the transjurisdictional water pollution management in China from three aspects, i.e. institution, mechanism, and legislation. On the basis of this, it gives an overall train of thoughts on the reform of transjurisdictional water pollution management in China, and proposes specific recommendations from the aforesaid three aspects.     

我国海域污染总量控制统筹管理体系初步研究

环境质量的改善只有在污染物浓度控制与总量控制的共同管理下才能实现,建立入海污染总量控制体系是近岸海域环境保护的当务之急。本文以近岸海域污染场界系统为工具,将近岸海域污染过程分解为发生场、输移场和效应场三个子系统加以分析,系统分割,子系统间跨边界矛盾和系统要素配置不合理是我国海域污染总量控制的三大问题。提出以包括部门统筹、要素统筹和区域统筹在内的海陆统筹思路克服系统问题,并建立以统筹定标、收集转移和控源减量为核心的海域污染总量控制体系。     

Advances in air pollution control for vessels in China

Vessel emissions have contributed a great deal to air quality deterioration in China. Hence,the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations. It is in this context that vessel emission control technology research is in full swing. In particular,during the 13th Five-Year Plan, the air pollution control technology of vessels has greatly improved. Vessel emission control has followed two main governance routes: source emission reduction and aftertreatment technology...     

我国污染防治绩效评估与管理研究综述

环境绩效管理是建立在环境管理架构上的管理思想和管理模式。为提升我国政府污染防治绩效管理水平,亟须提出更加全面系统的污染防治绩效评估体系。文章从环境绩效管理的内涵出发,梳理并综合分析与污染防治绩效评估和管理体系相关的主要文献及研究所取得的主要成果,发现目前污染防治绩效评估指标单一、定量描述和定量分析不足、以城市群为主的污染防治绩效评估和管理阙如、污染防治绩效管理的研究缺乏系统性,以及污染防治绩效管理反馈、修正及改进方面的研究不全面等问题,最后展望污染防治绩效管理与评估研究未来发展趋势。     

Review of water pollution control in China

Water resource shortage and pollution has seriously threatened the survival and development of developing countries. Because of China’s specific economical and social circumstances, complete adoption of developed countries’ experience is unrealistic. At present, China needs to develop strategies and technologies in source water pollution control and municipal environmental remediation that embrace the country’s specific need to battle the water resource problem. Among them, efficient source water pretreatment is a critical step to ensure a safe municipal water supply. Unlike developed countries, it is not yet feasible in China to treat water supplied to the household and have it meet the standard of direct drinking; therefore, it is more appropriate to refer to it as service water. As a beneficial supplement, an additional community drinking water network and household drinking water apparatus can be considered.     

流量可调节的河流污染控制规划

利用水利工程的调节功能,适当增大枯水季节河流流量,可改善水体环境质量,减少处理费用在建立流量可调节的河流污染控制规划模型中,考虑了流速和降解速率的改变以及不同河段流量放大倍数的差别。约束条件以幂函数连乘之和的形式逼近,并应用Avriel-Williams法构造正定几何规划的数学模型。算例表明,迭代是收敛的,规划模型对于条件的变化有灵敏的反应性能。