用上流式生物反应器降解甲基叔丁基醚

用上流式生物反应器（UFBR）降解甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）,研究了水力停留时间（HRT）和进水中MTBE质量浓度对MTBE去除率的影响。实验结果表明：在进水中MTBE质量浓度为25mg／L、HRT为18．6h的条件下,MTBE的去除率为84．13％;在HRT为18．6h、进水中MTBE质量浓度低于15mg／L的条件下,MTBE的去除率达92％以上。UFBR符合Eckenfelder动力学模型。     

高级氧化法处理甲基叔丁基醚的研究进展

综述了采用常规氧化、光强化氧化以及超声波辅助氧化等高级氧化技术降解甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）的降解机理及研究进展。并介绍了MTBE与醚类、苯系物以及可吸附卤化物共存的复合污染物的氧化降解研究进展。指出今后研究的重点是利用光、声、电能量的摄入来降低氧化剂加入量,提高矿化程度以减少毒性较大的叔丁基团的含量,研发更易于固液分离、稳定性更高和寿命更长的高效催化剂及共存体系将是持续热点。     

清洁汽油

从 1 999年开始 ,沧州炼油厂将“以市场为导向 ,以经济效益为中心 ,以提高产品生产竞争能力为目的 ,贯彻‘靠质量求生存 ,以信誉求发展’的质量方针 ,提高质量 ,增加品种”的“产品战略”作为企业强化管理、增强企业市场竞争力的重要手段 ,并将批量生产清洁汽油作为产品战略的重要内容 ,在改炼胜利油改造工程圆满完成、企业加工手段进一步得到完善、产品的品种和质量实现上等级的同时 ,下大本钱着手对汽油调和系统进行了两次技术改造 ,以催化汽油、重整汽油、MTBE为基础 ,批量调和生产清洁汽油。生产过程中 ,生产、技术等部门全力以赴 ,重…     

石油污染土壤修复技术的进展

综述了石油污染土壤修复技术的发展现状及存在的瓶颈,分析了石油污染对油-水-土界面性质、土-水关系和土壤渗透性等水理性质的影响.对石油污染土壤再利用于工程建设进行了探讨,并总结了石油污染土壤主要的力学性质变化,为石油污染土壤修复技术的工程实践和机理研究提供参考.     

基于氢火焰离子化检测仪响应因子的设备泄漏排放核算

氢火焰离子化检测仪(FID)是检测设备泄漏挥发性有机物(VOCs)的主要仪器。通过变异系数分析了FID响应因子与FID型号、被测气体种类和被测气体浓度的关系,并进行了实例验证。分析结果表明,FID响应因子与各因素关联强度的排序为:被测气体种类FID型号被测气体浓度。响应因子应用实例的验证结果表明:对于芳烃重整装置145个接触甲苯、二甲苯两组分物料的泄漏设备,响应因子修正后的排放量计算值仅为修正前的18.68%;MTBE装置涉甲醇设备的甲醇排放量计算值修正后为修正前的3倍左右。在此基础上,就设备泄漏VOCs污染源,提出通过响应因子实现排放量精细化核算的建议。     

膜生物反应器中膜孔堵塞的影响因素及控制方法

介绍了膜生物反应器（MBR）中膜污染形成的机理,分析了膜材质、膜孔大小、膜表面粗糙度、过膜溶质性质、处理液性质、过膜操作方式等因素对膜孔堵塞的影响,阐述了控制膜孔堵塞的重点和主要方法,指出了今后解决膜孔堵塞问题的研究重点。     

静电除尘技术在铬盐生产中的应用

简单介绍了静电除尘器的结构、工艺参数及在铬盐生产中的应用情况。讨论了尘粒的性质和气体性质对除尘效率的影响。铬矿回转窑尾气采用沉降－离心－静电三级除尘技术、酸化尾气采用静电除雾技术均取得了较好的效果。     

新型绿色溶剂--室温离子液体

室温离子液体是一种具有特殊性质的液体,具有较低的熔点、良好的导电性和可以忽略的蒸气压等优点,已被应用到诸多领域。作为一种高效绿色溶剂,室温离子液体在化学分离、催化、电化学等方面发挥着重要的作用。对离子液体的种类、性质、制备方法及其在绿色化学中的应用进行了介绍。     

物化性质对细颗粒长大过程影响的研究现状

燃煤产生的飞灰颗粒是除尘器去除的主体,研究颗粒的物化性质对提高除尘效率有重要的意义。燃煤产生的细颗粒不能被传统除尘器有效的脱除,颗粒长大技术是有效脱除燃煤细颗粒的一种除尘技术。针对颗粒长大技术,综述了细颗粒的物化性质对脱除效果的影响。     

界面性质对膜过滤的影响

对膜过滤过程中影响膜性能的各种界面性质,如成膜材料、膜表层结构、膜污染和浓差极化、膜再生、膜表层流动等作了论述。     

石油钻井行业清洁生产评价体系研究

新疆地处干旱区,生态环境脆弱,就油田开发生产而言,会产生污水、废渣、落地油处理和原油回收等技术问题。钻井过程为整个石油开发过程中最重要、最复杂、施工作业时间较长、能耗最大的关键生产环节,使用的钻井液和产生的泥浆都会对环境产生污染。选取钻井作业进行分析,建立一套适合油田钻井行业特点,具有科学性、系统性、激励性、规范性,且符合当前环境管理水平的清洁生产评估指标体系,对于当前石油勘探开发行业推进实施清洁生产具有十分重要的意义。     

Ls－811－2硫磺回收催化剂的开发及应用

介绍了Ｌｓ－８１１－２催化剂的研制及在克劳斯硫磺回收装置上的工业应用，实践证明，此催化剂的活性已达到国内外同类催化剂的水平，并具有生产工艺流程简单、无三废污染、原料易得及成本较低等特点。此催化剂的开发，为生产硫磺回收催化剂开辟了新的原料路线及制备方法。     

Production and degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates in waste environment

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are energy/carbon storage materials accumulated under unfavorable growth condition in the presence of excess carbon source. PHAs are attracting much attention as substitute for non-degradable petrochemically derived plastics because of their similar material properties to conventional plastics and complete biodegradability under natural environment upon disposal. In this paper, PHA production and degradation in waste environment as well as its role in biological phosphorus removal are reviewed. In biological phosphorus removal process, bacteria accumulating polyphosphate (poly P) uptake carbon substrates and accumulate these as PHA by utilizing energy from breaking down poly P under anaerobic condition. In the following aerobic condition, accumulated PHA is utilized for energy generation and for the regeneration of poly P. PHA production from waste has been investigated in order to utilize abundant organic compounds in waste water. Since PHA content and PHA productivity that can be obtained are rather low, PHA production from waste product should be considered as a coupled process for reducing the amount of organic waste. PHAs can be rapidly degraded to completion in municipal anaerobic sludge by various microorganisms. ©     

Environmental assessment of sewage sludge as secondary raw material in cement production--a case study in China

A life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the environmental impact of sewage sludge as secondary raw material in cement production. To confirm and add credibility to the study, uncertainty analysis was conducted. Results showed the impact generated from respiratory inorganics, terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming, and non-renewable energy categories had an important contribution to overall environmental impact, due to energy, clinker, and limestone production stages. Also, uncertainty analysis results showed the technology of sewage sludge as secondary raw material in cement production had little or no effect on changing the overall environmental potential impact generated from general cement production. Accordingly, using the technology of sewage sludge as secondary raw material in cement production is a good choice for reducing the pressure on the environment from dramatically increased sludge disposal. In addition, increasing electricity recovery rate, choosing natural gas fired electricity generation technology, and optimizing the raw material consumption in clinker production are highly recommended to reduce the adverse effects on the environment.     

Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities - A review

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is one of the major environmental problems of Indian cities. Improper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) causes hazards to inhabitants. Various studies reveal that about 90% of MSW is disposed of unscientifically in open dumps and landfills, creating problems to public health and the environment. In the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics, generation, collection and transportation, disposal and treatment technologies of MSW practiced in India. The study pertaining to MSWM for Indian cities has been carried out to evaluate the current status and identify the major problems. Various adopted treatment technologies for MSW are critically reviewed, along with their advantages and limitations. The study is concluded with a few fruitful suggestions, which may be beneficial to encourage the competent authorities/researchers to work towards further improvement of the present system.     

Evaluating the toxicity of food processing wastes as co-digestion substrates with dairy manure

Studies have shown that including food waste as a co-digestion substrate in the anaerobic digestion of livestock manure can increase energy production. However, the type and inclusion rate of food waste used for co-digestion need to be carefully considered in order to prevent adverse conditions in the digestion environment. This study determined the effect of increasing the concentration (2%, 5%, 15% and 30%, by volume) of four food-processing wastes (meatball, chicken, cranberry and ice cream processing wastes) on methane production. Anaerobic toxicity assay (ATA) and specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests were conducted to determine the concentration at which each food waste became toxic to the digestion environment. Decreases in methane production were observed at concentrations above 5% for all four food waste substrates, with up to 99% decreases in methane production at 30% food processing wastes (by volume).     

固体废物属性鉴别有关问题的再思考

从固体废物鉴别过程中涉及的混合物的判断、有意和无意生产、生产目的和质量控制、环境影响、利用价值、社会属性6个方面进行再思考和再讨论。     

氟化工建设项目清洁生产评价

针对某大型氟化工项目,从氟化工产业链的发展、清洁生产控制指标、持续清洁生产等方面分析评价了该企业所采取的清洁生产措施。指出企业在以后的生产过程中应密切关注产品生产新工艺的进展,研究对原有工艺参数的优化,完善环境管理制度,不断探索先进的管理经验,从源头消减污染物的产生量,提高企业经济效益。     

Performance of mortars with PET

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The massive amount of plastic production inevitably leads to huge levels of pollution and, consequently, is threatening the environment and...     

Environmental evaluation of different variants of the chromium compound production model using chromic waste

This work presents research results on the evaluation of environmental effects of utilizing chromic waste in chromium compound production processes. The comprehensive evaluation of three chromium compound production models takes into consideration the total cumulated hazard coefficients. The implementation of the new chromium compound production model into industrial practice in 1999 allows the hazard to the natural environment to decrease by 75% in relation to the hazard caused by the old production model used until 1995. The coefficient of the target chromium compound production model was 199%, much higher than 100%. This results from the negative values of the total cumulated hazard coefficients for those cases where the sodium chromate production unit could be a big "consumer" of chromic waste.