杭州市环境空气质量手工监测和自动监测相关分析研究

通过对杭州市环境空气中３种主要污染物手工和自动同步实测结果的相关分析研究，得出了手工和自动两种不同监测之间的定量关系。研究结果解决了手工、自动两种不同监测方法结果之间的相互换算问题，同时也为环境空气质量监测的手工监测法被自动监测法替代以后，合理地，定量地运用手工监测结果提供了计算依据。     

强化工业废水总量监测的技术措施——总量监测规范制订的基本考虑

总量监测是总量控制工作的核心问题，实施总量监测迫切需要制订一套切合实际、可操作的总量监测规范。与以往工业废水监测规范不同，其目的和适用范围也不同，就总量监测规范制订的原则，关键技术内容进行探讨。     

论生态环境监测

通过对生态环境监测，特别是基层生态环境监测体系、现状、监测内容、实施原则等进行了初步探讨，以推动生态环境监测工作的进展。     

海洋环境污染监测方案设计研究

海洋环境污染监测方案是一项复杂的系统工程。中国经过２０多年海洋环境污好监测的实践活动，积累了丰富的经验。但是，由于未能对海洋环境污染监测方案进行深入细致的研讨，致使今天我国海洋环境污染监测尚停留在定性或半定量描述阶段。该文第一次把有关海洋环境污染监测相结合，通过运用逻辑构思方法和监测方法学，详细分析监测方案设计中的各个阶段，监测目标的提出，到方案的实施；从监测数据的加工，到监测信息的发布都进行了辩证的分析。本文既是中国海洋环境污染监测方案的设计指南，也是中国海洋环境污染监测工作的集大成。     

液氯意外泄漏的应急监测

为了迅速地处理京沪高速“3．29”液氯泄漏污染事故，启动了应急监测措施。介绍了应急监测中确立的气、土、水、植物等环境介质作为监测对象，氯、氯化氢作为监测因子，并因事制宜地选择监测方法，为事故处理指挥部迅速而正确地处理事故提供了优质快速的技术支持。     

关于宾馆行业环保设施验收监测的实践及思考

阐述了宾馆行业在环保设施竣工验收监测中应采取的关键步骤、运营过程中污染物的来源，提出了合理的监测因子和监测时段；同时从管理的角度，提出了验收监测应具备的基础条件。     

浙江将建立省市县三级水质监测体系

为加强水资源保护，保障饮用水安全，浙江省决定调整和建设全省水功能区水质监测站点，建立省市县三级水质监测体系，进一步扩大水质监测范围。由浙江省水文局编制的2008-2010年全省水功能区水质监测站点调整和布设建设实施方案，强调了开展水质水量同步监测，要求各地充分利用现有水文站点，采用多种监测方法做好水位、水量、水质同步监测，同时建立省、市、县三级监测体系，依据水功能区的重要程度和管理权限，分工实施建设和组织监测。     

环境保护设施竣工验收监测的一些体会

环境监测站对环境保护设施竣工验收进行验收监测，出具的监测报告是环保管理部门环境保护设施竣工验收的重要依据，验收监测结果是否真实反映治理工程的治理质量，对环境保护设施的竣工验收是至关重要的。国家环保局１９９５年下发了《建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测办法》（试行），联系几年来对《办法》的执行情况，谈一些体会，供同行参考。１制订正确的竣工验收监测实施方案竣工验收监测实施方案在整个竣工验收监测过程中起着指导作用，在制订方案前必须对被验收单位的生产状况和环保治理设施的具体工艺作全面了解，根据不同污染源不…     

建设项目竣工环保验收监测的反思

建设项目竣工验收监测，是对项目取得排污权前的一次“体检”，是对污染源的监视性监测。在阐述建设项目验收监测作用的基础上，指出了验收监测存在的缺陷，并从节能减排的高度，提出了相应的对策。     

浅述石油类污染及其监测分析

越来越多的石油类污染事故，造成了经济的损失、生态环境的破坏、人体健康的危害。因此，各国都制定法律法规来控制石油类的污染，石油类的监测和分析要求规范化、标准化、现代化，文中列出了石油类监测分析过程中的注意事项。     

环境监测优化布点的投影寻踪回归分析法

应用投影寻踪回归（ＰＰＲ） 建模技术,分析环境测点的污染物监测数据之间的关系。通过建模过程中的数据生成,获得各测点的数据对环境质量总体状况的权重贡献率。根据权重贡献大小,进行环境测点的优选。用ＰＰＲ 分析法从成都市３ 项大气污染物的１２ 个环境测点中,优选出５ 个测点,其保留信息量约占全部测点信息量的９０ ％ 。     

The EU environmental policy context for monitoring for and with raptors in Europe

This paper outlines the importance of the policy context for monitoring with and for raptors, and, conversely, of the importance of such monitoring for policy. It then outlines two key areas of European Union (EU) environmental policy most relevant to monitoring for and with raptors, namely biodiversity policy and pollution policy. For each of the policy areas, the pertinent objectives and actions of the current EU policy are identified, and their relevance for raptor monitoring is discussed. The potential contribution of raptor monitoring to the further development of these policy areas is also addressed.     

NABat: A top-down,bottom-up solution to collaborative continental-scale monitoring

Collaborative monitoring over broad scales and levels of ecological organization can inform conservation efforts necessary to address the contemporary biodiversity crisis. An important challenge to collaborative monitoring is motivating local engagement with enough buy-in from stakeholders while providing adequate top-down direction for scientific rigor, quality control, and coordination. Collaborative monitoring must reconcile this inherent tension between top-down control and bottom-up engagement. Highly mobile and cryptic taxa, such as bats, present a particularly acute challenge. Given their scale of movement, complex life histories, and rapidly expanding threats, understanding population trends of bats requires coordinated broad-scale collaborative monitoring. The North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) reconciles top-down, bottom-up tension with a hierarchical master sample survey design, integrated data analysis, dynamic data curation, regional monitoring hubs, and knowledge delivery through web-based infrastructure. NABat supports collaborative monitoring across spatial and organizational scales and the full annual lifecycle of bats.     

浅议环境预警监测常态化建设

阐述了中国环境预警监测存在的主要问题:监测信息支持系统不够先进、科学;优先监测对象未经优化论证;预警监测能力滞后;应急监测在应急处置工作中处于被动局面。在此基础上,笔者提出了强化环境预警监测应当确立常态化管理意识;开发监测信息支持系统;加强应急监测能力建设;组织各种应急演练等对策建议,对基层环境监管具有借鉴作用。     

Increasing conservation management action by involving local people in natural resource monitoring

There is a need for a better understanding of the status of the environment. At the same time, concerns have been raised regarding alienation of the local populace from environmental decisions. One proposed solution is participatory environmental monitoring. When evaluating the usefulness of environmental monitoring, the focus may be on accuracy, as is usually done by scientists, or on efficiency in terms of conservation impact. To test whether investment in participatory biodiversity monitoring makes economic sense for obtaining data for management decisions, we compared the cost efficiency of participatory and conventional biodiversity monitoring methods in Philippine parks. We found that, from a government perspective, investment in monitoring that combines scientific with participatory methods is strikingly more effective than a similar level of investment in conventional scientific methods alone in generating conservation management interventions. Moreover, the local populace seemed to benefit from more secure de facto user rights over land and other resources. Participatory biodiversity monitoring not only represents a cost-effective alternative when conventional monitoring is impossible, but it is also an unexpectedly powerful complementary approach, capable of generating a much higher level of conservation management intervention, where conventional monitoring already takes place.     

噪声监测质控比对中存在的问题及解决方案

根据最新的监测要求,各驻市监测中心负责对第三方监测机构例行噪声监测情况进行比对监测,此举无论是在提高噪声监测工作效率,加强监测数据可信性、科学性、代表性等方面都起到了积极的作用,然而在比对监测过程中,仍然出现了一些新问题。笔者根据自己实际操作情况,结合多年噪声监测工作的经验,提出了一些针对解决新问题的方法和建议。     

Accuracy and Precision of Home Radon Monitoring and the Effectiveness of EPA Monitoring Guidelines

EPA has provided guidelines to homeowners for monitoring and mitigating radon in the home. The effectiveness of these guidelines is dependent, in part, on the accuracy and precision of monitoring methods. This paper proposes a model for radon monitoring accuracy and precision based upon a review of the monitoring literature. The model is then used to quantify the extent of potential misclassification of homes by radon level from the application of EPA guidelines.

Short-term monitoring performed in the basement during winter produced conservative (higher than actual) radon estimates, on average. For homes with annual concentrations of 4 pCi/L, approximately 30 percent will still have short-term results under 4 pCi/L. Underestimation of radon levels is cut by 50 percent or more by the use of monitors on first floor and basement (confirmatory monitoring) as opposed to monitoring the basement alone (screening monitoring). However, following the screening/confirmatory monitoring sequence suggested by EPA increases underestimation at radon levels under 8 pCi/L. The model was found to be sensitive to a number of the assumptions made, and specific follow-up studies are suggested.     

环境监测现场室管理实践与探索

环境监测现场室管理工作是环境监测中一项基础性管理和技术工作,监测现场的管理工作是否科学有序,关系到环境监测效率的高低,对环境监测数据质量的准确性、可靠性、可比性、完整性和公正性也有着十分重要影响。因此,做好环境监测现场室管理工作已成为环境监测管理工作者必须掌握的一项基础性科学技术。文中从环境监测现场室管理工作的实践经验出发,进一步进行探索研究,力求环境监测现场室管理工作高效可行。     

The Value of Monitoring for Radon in the Home: A Decision Analysis

In light of the recent publicity about the adverse health effects of radon gas, many citizens and government officials are considering whether or not to monitor for radon in homes. This paper presents a formal decision analysis of the monitoring dilemma from the perspective of hypothesized homeowners. The analysis considers the costs of radon monitoring and control, the carcinogenic risks of radon exposure, the demographics of household size, and a hypothetical homeowner's knowledge of radon exposure levels—with and without the benefit of specific monitoring data. Since monitoring every home in the United States would be quite expensive, the analysis reveals some more efficient monitoring strategies that might be employed by citizens and government officials. While the paper presents a new analytic perspective in the monitoring problem, the results should not be considered definitive. Further study is necessary to clarify precisely what is known about radon exposure, health effects, and control strategies.