First evidence of unicellular glands in the general epidermis of terrestrial reptiles

The general integument of reptiles is traditionally defined as being dry, but we report here the discovery of unicellular mucoid glands (UCMG) in the dorsal skin of lizards of the genus Phelsuma (Gekkonidae). To this end, the skin of these lizards and of some others for comparison was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These photographs showed that the development and function of the UCMGs are related to the skin's sloughing cycle. The UCMGs differentiate at scattered locations from Oberh?utchen cells of the inner (new) epidermal generation, above the differentiating beta-keratin layer. While the inner generation matures, the UCMG increases in size; unlike the surrounding Oberh?utchen cells, it does not develop the spinules that characterize gecko skin. When, upon sloughing, the inner generation becomes the new outer generation, and the Oberh?utchen forms the skin surface, the UCMGs, several per scale, dot the surface as mucus-inflated "blebs" projecting from the surrounding spinulate Oberh?utchen, each nesting in a shallow pit of the underlying beta-keratin. On the surface, the UCMGs rupture and the mucus appears to dissipate in cords, flowing over the tips of the spinules, and incorporating minute foreign bodies. It is concluded that, due to the low wettability of the spinulate surface (derived from the spacing of the spinules), the cords brush off easily, with the mucus functioning as a cleaning agent.     

铜抑制单细胞绿藻生长的毒性效应

 用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准实验方法,根据实验结果采用机率单位法进行数据处理,分别得出铜抑制蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa),斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus),月形藻(Closterium lunula)生长的96h半效应浓度(96h-EC50)分别为67,51,202(g/L,并对各剂量反应方程进行X2检验,结果表明均符合精度要求,计算出的96h-EC50真实可靠.研究结果表明, 斜生栅藻对铜最敏感,而月形藻对铜有很强的抵抗能力.这3种藻类对铜敏感度由大到小的顺序为斜生栅藻、蛋白核小球藻、月形藻.不同藻种细胞的大小不同和藻细胞壁表面的含硫基团不同是导致藻类对铜敏感性不同的主要原因.     

热电偶丝材加工质量控制研究

结合实例总结并分析了铂铑测温丝材加工中，影响产品质量的主要因素为熔炼时的杂质元素及成分偏析，加工过程中配模不合理、模具失效、设备失效等。最后提出了配合ISO9000质量体系认证,从技术和管理方面的质量解决方案。     

关于静液挤压过程中挤压压力的数值模拟研究

采用大变形弹塑性有限无理论，用ANSYS5.5软件对不同模具参数下钨合金静液挤压过程进行了数值模拟研究，得出了挤压压力随模具参数的变化规律，并与光刻网格的挤压结果进行了比较，说明有限元法的计算结果和实验结果符合很好。     

Extraction and characterization of bound extracellular polymeric substances from cultured pure cyanobacterium (Microcystis wesenbergii)

Preliminary characterization of bound extracellular polymeric substances（bEPS） of cyanobacteria is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the formation mechanism of cyanobacterial bloom. However,the characterization of bEPS can be affected by extraction methods. Five sets（including the control） of bEPS from Microcystis extracted by different methods were characterized using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix（3DEEM） fluorescence spectroscopy combined chemical spectrophotometry; and the characterization results of bEPS samples were further compared. The agents used for extraction were NaOH,pure water and phosphate buffered saline（PBS） containing cationic exchange resins,and hot water. Extraction methods affected the fluorescence signals and intensities in the bEPS. Five fluorescence peaks were observed in the excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectra of bEPS samples. Two peaks（peaks T1 and T2） present in all extractions were identified as protein-like fluorophores,two（peaks A and C） as humic-like fluorophores,and one（peak E） as a fulvic-like substance.Among these substances,the humic-like and fulvic-like fluorescences were only seen in the bEPS extracted with hot water. Also,NaOH solution extraction could result in strong fluorescence intensities compared to the other extraction methods. It was suggested that NaOH at pH 10.0 was the most appropriate method to extract bEPS from Microcystis. In addition,dialysis could affect the yields and characteristics of extracted bEPS during the determination process. These results will help us to explore the issues of cyanobacterial blooms.     

花键轮套浮动凹模冷挤压工艺研究

花键轮套是摩托车发动机中的关键零件。轮套与飞轮，一种是止口定位，铆钉铆接的连接；另一种是通过渐开线小模数花键定位，并将轮套花键局部塑性变形加以固定。后一种连接方式工艺性较好，但对花键轮套的综合机械性能(几何线性尺寸，渐开线花键尺寸，硬度值)要求较高。对50F、55K、90F、HM125、WYl25轮套进行工艺方案分析及比较，采用了浮动凹模冷挤压新工艺；工艺获得了成功，满足了用户对产品的要求，实现了国产化，替代进口产品，获得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

A three-dimensional finite element simulation of the warm extrusion of AZ31 alloy billets

Extrusion of magnesium billets is associated with large deformations, high strain rates and high temperatures, which results in computationally challenging problems in process simulation. A series of experiments were done to obtain the simulation parameters: stress–strain curves, friction factors and heat transfer coefficient etc. Three-dimensional, thermo-mechanically coupled finite element simulations of extruding a wrought magnesium alloy AZ31 into a small bar at certain ram speeds were performed. The computed model was rotational symmetric and built up by meshing. Computed parameters including workpiece material characteristics and process conditions (billet temperature, reduction ratio, and ram speed) were taken into consideration. The distributions of temperature were different comparing the transient-state extrusion with steady-state extrusion. The extrusion simulation was the reliable predictions of strain rate, effective strains, effective stresses and metal flow velocity in an AZ31 billet during direct extrusion.     

Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 advanced oxidation on unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina: Implications for removal of invasive species from ballast water

The UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was investigated for ballast water treatment using Dunaliella salina as an indicator. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the toxicity of e uent was determined. Compared with individual unit processes using ozone or UV/Ag-TiO2, the inactivation e ciency of D. salina by the combined UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was enhanced. The presence of ozone caused an immediate decrease in chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration. Inactivation e ciency and chl-a removal e ciency were positively correlated with ozone dose and ultraviolet intensity. The initial total residual oxidant (TRO) concentration of e uent increased with increasing ozone dose, and persistence of TRO resulted in an extended period of toxicity. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 has potential for ballast water treatment.