荧光法快速测定水中粪大肠菌群

为研究荧光法测定水中粪大肠菌群的适用性,在6家实验室使用荧光法对粪大肠菌群的标准菌株和实际水样进行测定,并与多管发酵法进行比对。结果表明:6家实验室对标准菌株的监测结果均在误差范围内,实验室内相对误差为-2. 75%～1. 71%,准确度较高;对3个不同浓度实际水样进行精密度测定,实验室内相对标准偏差分别为1. 30%～3. 93%、1. 94%～4. 72%、1. 88%～4. 54%,实验室间的相对标准偏差分别为1. 14%、1. 59%、1. 72%,精密度较高;用荧光法与多管发酵法同时测定实际水样,2种方法测试结果线性相关性良好且变化趋势相同,对测试数据进行t检验,2种方法测试结果无显著差异。     

五管发酵测定粪大肠菌群的研究

通过实验摸索出粪大肠菌群的一种五管发酵法。该方法检测下限为9个/L,适用于地表水和废水中粪大肠菌群的测定。     

水中粪大肠菌群检测方法的比较

采用标准菌株、实际水样和国际标准样品,比较纸片快速法与多管发酵法的一致性。标准菌株试验表明,两种方法在粪大肠菌群的定性检测上没有显著性差异;实际水样试验表明,纸片快速法的检测结果略低于多管发酵法,但两种方法检测结果的回归关系显著;国际标准样品试验表明,两种方法的精密度与准确度均无统计学意义上的显著性差异。     

粪大肠菌群酶底物法在环境应急监测中的应用

结合国外粪大肠菌群的酶底物检测方法,针对某次突发环境污染事件,用酶底物法和标准方法多管发酵法同步检测受污染地表水中的粪大肠菌群,讨论酶底物法在应急监测中检测粪大肠菌群的适用性。结果表明,两种方法的测定数据显著相关,没有统计学差异（ P＞0．05）。相对于多管发酵法,酶底物法特异性强,检测时间短,二次污染少,符合应急监测的要求。     

水中粪大肠菌群快速检测方法-固定底物酶底物法与多管发酵法的比较

目的在于比较固定底物酶底物法与多管发酵法用于水中粪大肠菌群(耐热大肠菌群)的检测,使用科立得TM(Colilert(R))试刺和传统方法检测地表水、水源水及污水水样,比较固定底物酶底物法与多管发酵法用于水中粪大肠菌群(耐热大肠菌群)检测结果的一致性.结果表明,固定底物酶底物法与多管发酵法用于水中粪大肠菌群(耐热大肠菌群)检测结果具有一致性,固定底物酶底物法可以用作评价水质微生物污染的标准方法.     

快速测定地表水中粪大肠菌群

地表水中粪大肠菌群是评价水质卫生状况的一项重要指标,一般采用多管发酵标准法测定。该方法工作量大,操作繁琐,周期长。因粪大肠菌群的复发酵试验在44 5℃条件下仍能以产酸产气加以判断,因此,可直接将地表水样接种于EC培养液中,按多管发酵标准法原理计算粪大肠杆菌群数,快速检测。1　材料EC培养液,试管,小倒管等。2　检测方法2 1　操作步骤调节地表水样pH值至中性(7～8),按多管发酵标准法的稀释接种方法对水样作适当稀释,以EC培养液直接接种水样,在44 5℃水浴中培养24h,观察结果。表1　多个样品粪大肠菌群两种测定方法的结果　　L-…     

24孔最大可能数法快速检测水质粪大肠菌群

设计了一种24孔最大可能数法,用玫红酸抑制杂菌,快速检测水质粪大肠菌群。方法能在24 h内检测不同程度污染水样中103L-1~107L-1的粪大肠菌群,回收率为76.1%~108%,批内RSD为24.0%~34.0%。与多管发酵法的比较试验表明,两种方法相关性良好,且在添加玫红酸条件下等效。提出方法还需要更多不同性质及来源水样的检测结果来验证。     

五管发酵测定总大肠菌群的研究

通过实验,摸索出测定总大肠菌群的一种五管发酵法。该方法下限为9个／L,适用于水源水,地表水和废水。     

十管发酵法测定水中总大肠菌群

目前,测定水中总大肠菌群多用国际上流行的多管发酵法,我国常用15管或12管发酵,工作量较大,消耗原材料较多。今通过试验建立了十管发酵法（简称该方法）,原理与多管发酵法相同,比五管发酵法的准确度高,适用于生活饮用水、水源水、地表水和废水中总大肠菌群的测定。     

粪大肠菌群酶底物法在环境监测中的应用研究

粪大肠菌群作为水体粪便污染的指示菌,对地表水的水质监测评价具有重要作用。采取较为精确、快速的粪大肠菌群检测方法,对控制流行疾病的发生和传播有重要的科学意义。从粪大肠菌群的检测意义、监测方法、标准化应用情况等方面进行归纳分析,提出推广和标准化酶底物法监测粪大肠菌群的迫切性。     

Impact of changed trophic status on the zooplankton composition in six water bodies of Dharwad district, Karnataka state (South India)

Morgan Island, located within the ACE Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve in South Carolina, is home to the only free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys (Macca mulatta) in the continental United States. The purpose of this study was to assess environmental impacts of the monkey colony on water quality in adjacent tidal creeks and on island vegetation. Three tidal creeks were sampled: Morgan Creek, adjacent to the monkey colony; Back Creek, on Morgan Island not adjacent to the colony; and Rock Creek, on a nearby island unoccupied by monkeys. Temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients and fecal coliform bacteria were measured six times at three sites in each of these creeks, and vegetation change analysis was conducted in a geographic information system using satellite imagery. Results showed elevated fecal coliform concentrations in the Morgan Creek site immediately adjacent to the colony, though no samples exceeded the standard set for recreational water use. Ribotyping reconnaissance matched four Escherichia coli isolates from Morgan and Back Creeks to the monkeys, identifying the colony as one source of fecal coliform bacteria, though relative source loadings could not be quantified. Significant differences were not observed between ammonia or orthophosphate levels in Morgan Creek relative to the other creeks tested; and vegetation change analysis showed a 35% increase in canopy cover between 1979 and 1999. Overall, these results suggest that the rhesus colony’s environmental impacts are localized and minimal. Results from this study provide baseline data on Morgan Island and may be useful in management decisions regarding the future of the monkey colony.     

酶底物法检测地表水粪便污染的适用性探讨

为探讨酶底物法检测地表水粪便污染的适用性,采用酶底物法与多管发酵法同步检测了长江南京段、秦淮河、玄武湖等水中大肠菌群。结果显示：在多数情况下,酶底物法检测结果略低于多管发酵法,两种方法没有统计学差异（P〉0．05）;与多管发酵法相比,酶底物法检测粪便污染特异性强、时间周期短、二次污染小、简便快速,适于推广应用。     

酶底物法与多管发酵法和纸片法监测环境水样大肠菌群的比较

用标准菌株对比了酶底物法和多管发酵法及快速纸片法,监测分析了分组环境水样中的大肠菌群。结果表明,酶底物法操作快速、简单、结果稳定、无二次污染,能满足水质监测和应急监测的需求。     

The Influence of Dioxide Chloride on Water Quality of Balneário Camboriú Beach, Brazil

Since February 1999, the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) of Balneário Camboriú, Brazil, started a complementary treatment with ClO₂ application on its effluent. It was realized to minimize its impacts caused by increase of the population during summer. This study was realized in order to verify the influence of this compound in the water quality and the environmental evaluations. Samples of surface water were collected in this environment between January 1997 and June 2001 for chemical and microbiological surveys. The results had shown that after application of ClO₂, fecal coliforms were decreased about six times in the beach (2.3 × 10³ to 3.5 × 10² MPN/100 ml) and three times in the river (3.3 × 10⁴ to 1.0 × 10⁴ MPN/100 ml), during summer time. NH₄ ⁺ showed an increase of about four times and 1.5 times, respectively, to beach and river. These results are showing the influence of ClO₂ on chemical and microbiological parameters.     

Monitoring E. coli and total coliforms in natural spring water as related to recreational mountain areas

Natural spring water has unique properties, as it is rich in minerals that are considered to be beneficial to human health. A survey of the microbiological quality of natural spring water was conducted to assess possible risks from the consumption of the water by visitors in recreational mountain areas located in Seoul, South Korea. The densities of total coliforms and Escherichia coli were measured during the spring and the summer of 2002 to investigate the presence of coliform bacteria in the drinking spring waters. Total coliforms were detected in all samples and the mean density of total coliforms was up to a maximum of 228 CFU/mL. Detectable E. coli was found in 78% of all samples and the mean densities of E. coli varied from a minimum of 0 CFU/mL to a maximum of 15 CFU/mL in all samples. Malfunctioning septic systems and wildlife population appear to be the main source of E. coli contamination. Presence of E. coli in natural spring water indicates potential adverse health effects for individuals or populations exposed to this water. The fecal contaminated spring water may present an unacceptable risk to humans if it is used as raw drinking water.     

高通量发光细菌法在水质急性毒性测定中的应用与验证研究

选择费氏弧菌作为测试菌种,基于96孔板建立了新的高通量、快速、检测灵敏、操作简便、可准确评价各类水质毒性的发光细菌毒性测定方法,并对方法的重复性和再现性进行了验证。在方法重复性研究中,使用参照物重铬酸钾、七水硫酸锌、3,5-二氯苯酚及3个水样（H、M、L）,重复测定5次,结果显示,重铬酸钾、3,5-二氯苯酚、七水硫酸锌和水样M的5次试验的半数效应浓度（EC₅₀）值均在其平均值的2倍标准差（X±2SD）范围内,水样H的EC₅₀值均<样品最低测试浓度（3.13%）,水样L的EC₅₀值均>样品最高测试浓度（80%）。在方法再现性研究中,6家外部实验室使用3种参照物及H、M、L 3个水样进行实验室间的比对试验,结果表明,各实验室重铬酸钾、七水硫酸锌、3,5-二氯苯酚和水样M的EC₅₀值均在其X±2SD范围内,标准分数绝对值（|z|）均<2.0,水样H的EC₅₀值均<样品最低测试浓度（3.13%）,水样L的EC₅₀值均>样品最高测试浓度（80%）,实验室间的比对结果与总体情况无明显差异,且灵敏度与处于同一营养级的藻类相似,而高于鱼类,低于溞类。因此,高通量发光细菌法的水质毒性测试结果具有良好的平行性、重复性及再现性,敏感度较高,适用于生活饮用水、环境水体、废水等水质监测,可及时、准确地对水质的急性毒性进行大批量筛查与评估,且可以利用最低无效应稀释度（LID）、效应浓度（EC）和毒性单位（TU）来表征水样的急性毒性水平,并评价毒性大小。     

双柱双检测器气相色谱法同时进样分析非甲烷烃

介绍了用双柱双氢火焰离子化检测器同时进样气相色谱法分析气体样品中非甲烷烃.经过与现有方法的比较,该方法具有平行性更好、数据更准确、分析速度快等优点,各项指标均大大优于现行标准HJ/T 38-1999中的数据.通过软硬件的改进,解决了以前非甲烷烃在分析中由于在时间上所引起的数据倒置、分析误差等问题.