水体重金属-有机物复合污染的协同处理技术研究进展

重金属离子与有机污染物可以通过多种方式共同存在于水体环境中,形成复合污染。本文在简述重金属-有机物复合污染的来源和相互作用机理的基础上,详细阐述了现有的协同处理技术的研究和应用现状,分析了各种技术的原理、效果、优势以及缺陷,为进一步开发新型协同处理技术提供参考,对水体污染的防治具有积极意义。     

上海地区磷肥工业氟污染的情况调查

通过对上海几个磷肥厂氟化物的排放情况及其对外界环境污染程度的调查证明,工厂周围的大气、水、土壤和植物的含氟量都发生了不同程度的变化,并对人、畜的健康也有某些影响。为确保环境的生态平衡,对磷肥厂的氟化物污染提出了几点综合性治理的建议。     

环境中微塑料的污染现状及潜在生物效应研究进展

微塑料（MPS）作为一类新兴污染物广泛分布于全球环境介质中,近年来引起了人们的关注。介绍了微塑料的来源、分类,以及其在我国河流、湖泊、海洋、土壤、大气等环境介质中的赋存现状和分布特征研究进展。此外,微塑料因其粒径小、比表面积大、难降解、具有生物富集效应及可能缓慢释放有毒单体化合物等性质而具有潜在的环境危害,可经呼吸道、消化道及皮肤进入生物体内并累积在组织器官中,产生毒性反应,对生命体健康造成威胁,其潜在环境效应已成为国内外研究的热点对象之一。梳理了微塑料对动植物和微生物产生的潜在生态毒性效应和环境危害,提出加强微塑料污染的应对措施和建议,旨在提高人们对环境微塑料污染危害的认识。     

环境中VOCs的污染现状及处理技术研究进展

综述了近十年来大气环境中挥发性有机物(VOcs)的污染现状及其主要处理技术的研究进展.介绍了目前大气环境中VOCs的主要处理技术(包括吸附、冷凝及膜分离等回收技术和燃烧、等离子体、光催化降解和生物降解等销毁技术)的适用条件、经济性、可操作性和净化效率.提出要对VOCs的吸收和生物降解的反应动力学模型、催化机制、材料的性能及微生物活性进行深入研究的建议.     

环境样品中砷分析方法的进展

本文总结了1985年以来在国内外主要刊物上所发表的有关环境样品中砷分析方法的研究和应用情况,内容包括可见分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法、电化学分析法、原子发射光谱法和其它分析方法。     

环境重金属污染的生物指示作用

针对指示生物在环境重金属污染监测、评价与防治中所起的指示作用与研究现状,介绍了有关指示生物的基本理论,分析了常见指示生物对土壤、水和大气环境重金属污染的指示作用。提出了选择合适的指示生物是发挥其对重金属污染指示作用的关键。最后,提出了指示生物对环境重金属污染指示作用的局限性及对策。     

2020年城市固体废物污染环境防治年报发布

为增强社会各界对固体废物污染防治工作的认识和理解,生态环境部自2014年起,每年发布全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报.近日,生态环境部发布《2020年全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报》(以下简称《年报》),向社会公开2019年全国固体废物污染防治工作的相关情况.《年报》主要依据2019年生态环境统计重点调查...     

高压输变电项目的电磁环境管理

介绍了高压输变电项目的电磁污染特点,简要分析了高压输变电项目环境管理中存在的法规、标准不健全和纠纷较为集中等问题,根据江苏省目前的管理现状,对于输变电建设项目管理提出污染控制措施和对策建议.     

头孢类抗生素生产废水污染与处理现状

分析了头孢类抗生素生产废水的污染现状,指出了废水的来源及主要特征.介绍了目前常用的头孢类抗生素废水处理技术:物化处理技术和生物处理技术,其中厌氧(缺氧)-好氧组合工艺是处理高浓度头孢类抗生素废水的主要方法,提出了头孢类抗生素企业的污染防治对策.     

环境中有机汞的监测

介绍了大气、水、沉积物、生物体等环境介中有机汞的监测方法，并对不同的监测方法进行了比较和评述。     

#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置大气污染源分析及治理

石化企业的酸性水汽提装置、酸性干气脱硫装置和硫磺回收装置统称为#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置。对#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置所采用的工艺流程进行详细分析,得出#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置的有组织排放大气污染物主要为SO₂和NO_x,无组织排放大气污染物主要为H₂S、NH₃、有机硫化物和烃类。无组织排放源集中在各单元反应器、储罐和酸性气管线。针对无组织排放源,从防止逸散和恶臭治理两个方面提出了相应的污染防治措施,并比较了溶剂吸收法、燃烧法、湿法化学吸收法等目前常用的恶臭治理技术的优缺点。     

锑在水中的形态变化及除锑技术现状

介绍了锑在水中的形态变化方式,如由固态锑到离子态锑的转变、锑离子的水解、锑的生物甲基化等,阐述了含锑废水的处理技术如吸附法、沉淀法、中和法等的优缺点,并指出高效、环保、廉价除锑吸附剂的开发和对锑甲基化转化过程的探讨是今后研究的重点.     

液相色谱-质谱法测定水中氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物

建立了直接测定水中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物的超高效液相色谱-质谱分析方法。该方法对水样无需进行富集处理,水样过滤后就可以直接测定。实验结果表明:测定液中各氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物的质量浓度与离子对峰面积在质量浓度0.5～1 000.0μg/L内具有良好的线性关系;方法检出限为0.1～5.0μg/L;加标回收率91%～103%;相对标准偏差为2%～5%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高的特点。     

Study of Pollution of the Plitvice Lakes by Water and Sediment Analyses

The process of eutrophication in form of intense plant growth has been observed in some lakes and water streams at the Plitvice Lakes National Park in central Croatia. Here we investigate whether this phenomenon is a consequence of anthropogenic pollution or due to naturally produced organic matter in the lakes. We applied chemical analysis of water at two springs and four lakes (nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trace elements) and measurements of surface lake sediments (mineral and organic fraction analyses, trace elements) in four different lakes/five sites. The chemical composition of water does not indicate recent anthropogenic pollution of water because the concentrations of most trace elements are below detection limits. The concentrations of DOC and nutrients are slightly higher in the area of increased eutrophication-plant growth. Also the content of organic matter in the sediment is at the highest level in areas with highest C/N ratio indicating that the organic fraction of this sediment is mainly of terrestrial origin. There is no significant difference among the trace element concentration in the upper segment of all cores, deposited approximately during last 50 years when higher anthropogenic influence is expected due to development and touristic activity, and the lower part of the cores, corresponding to the period approximately 100–200 years before present. The content of trace elements and organic matter in sediments decreases from the uppermost lake downstream. According to our results there is no indication of recent anthropogenic pollution in water and sediment. Higher concentrations of DOC in water as well as phosphorus and some other elements in the lake sediment can be a consequence of input of natural organic matter to the lake water.     

Water Quality Assessment by Ecotoxicological and Chemical Methods in Magnesia,Greece

The fresh- and seawater quality in Magnesia, Greece, was evaluated in this work, using a combination of bioassays and chemical analytical techniques. The crustacean and the invertebrate saline water shrimp Artemia franciscana were used as test species for monitoring the quality of fresh- and seawater samples respectively. Furthermore, chemical analysis was performed in the samples, for the assessment of pollutants loading. In general, both fresh- and seawater toxicity was low, indicating the good environmental conditions in the area. However, two seawater samples and one freshwater sample, presented high toxicity values, which is in agreement with the chemical measurements.     

氰化钠泄漏污染调查及治理方案技术分析

对洛阳市洛宁县“11．1”NaCN泄漏污染吉家洼金矿下游麦张沟河道土壤CN^-残存量进行了布点、采样、化验;对提出的CN^-残存量治理方案,从CN^-的可氧化性、挥发性及生物降解性进行论述;对CN^-的挥发衰减做了模拟试验,结果令人满意。     

The Relationship Between the Chemical Structure of Poly(alkylene glycol)s and Their Aerobic Biodegradability in an Aqueous Environment

The relationship between the chemical structure of poly(alkylene glycol)s (PAGs) and their biodegradability was studied using a set of polymeric fluids that included poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), random copolymers of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) differing in the EO/PO ratio as well as PAGs capped with ether or acyl moieties. The PAGs that were tested had an average molecular weight (MW) in the range of 350–3,600 Da and differed in their polymer backbones by either linear (diol type) or branched (triol type) molecules. The ultimate biodegradability of the PAGs was determined according to ISO 14593 (CO₂ headspace test) with a non-pre-exposed (as in OECD 310 test) and pre-exposed (adapted) inoculum. PAGs with the structure of PPG and copolymers of EO/PO of diol or triol structures with average molecular weights lower than 1,000 Da can be considered as readily biodegradable. Their ultimate biodegradation exceeds the limit of 60 % (according to the criteria of the OECD 310 test). PAGs with a copolymer structure and MW values ranging between 1,000 and 3,600 Da are not readily biodegradable, but they can be considered as those of inherent ultimate biodegradability. The increased EO content in PAG structures and the acylation of the terminal hydroxyl groups with carboxylic acids favourably influenced their biodegradability. Capped PAGs containing terminal ether groups appeared to be resistant to biodegradation.