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1.
为了研究城市生活垃圾焚烧(municipal solid waste incineration, MSWI)底灰在填埋场中的浸出特性,在实验室条件下对MSWI底灰进行了为期48周的模拟淋溶实验,并对产生的渗滤液的性质进行了分析。模拟实验包括缺氧柱和好氧柱,分别测定了2个柱中产生的渗滤液的pH、ORP、TP、TN、COD和TOC等指标。实验结果发现,渗滤液的性质的随时间和模拟降雨次数的增加而不断发生变化,其中pH值持续下降,而ORP则逐渐升高然后下降;COD、TOC 、TP、和TN浓度在前8周内依次达到最大值而后降低,变化趋势可分为急速上升阶段、快速下降、缓慢下降和基本稳定4个阶段。从整个实验过程来看, pH的下降较缓慢,在实验进行到第48周时,缺氧柱和好氧柱的pH值分别为12.33和11.43,仍维持在强碱性。在实验结束时,2组实验中产生的渗滤液的pH、TOC和COD等3项水质指标均超出《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18989-2002)一级A排放标准。 相似文献
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Effluent of an anaerobic sulphate-reducing wastewater treatment process was used to stabilise bottom ash. The effect of stabilisation on the concentration and binding of Ca, P, S, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, and Mo were studied by comparing results of sequential extraction from fresh and stabilised bottom ash. The stabilisation treatment improved the retention of Ca, Cu, Pb, S, and Zn in bottom ash compared to a treatment with ion-exchanged water. In addition to retention, Cu, S, and Zn were accumulated from the anaerobic effluent in the bottom ash. Concentrations of As, Cr, and Mo remained on the same level, whereas leaching of P increased compared to control treatment with ion-exchanged water. Improved retention and accumulation were the result of increased binding to less soluble fractions. The highest increases were in the sulphide and organic carbon bound fraction and in the carbonate fraction. Enhanced carbonation was probably due to CO2 deriving from the degradation of organic carbon. Flushing of stabilised bottom ash with ion-exchanged water ensured that the observed changes were not easily reversed. Most of the sulphide in the anaerobic effluent was removed when it was passed through bottom ash. The objective was to study the feasibility of sulphide-rich anaerobic effluent in bottom ash stabilisation and changes in the binding of the elements during stabilisation. In addition, the ability of the process to remove sulphide from the effluent was observed. 相似文献
3.
本研究以重庆市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣为研究对象,分别采用纯水、无水乙醇和丙酮3种溶剂作为提纯介质对焚烧炉渣中铁磁性物质进行湿法提取,并对提取出来的铁磁性物质的铁含量、矿物组分、铁价态分布进行分析表征。实验结果表明,二步-湿法并干法提取所得的铁磁性物质铁含量分别为375.66 g/kg(纯水)、365.79 g/kg(无水乙醇)和344.59 g/kg(丙酮),是原始炉渣铁含量的4~6倍,是一步-湿法提取所得铁磁性物质铁含量的2~3倍,能够较好地对炉渣铁磁性物质进行富集。二步-湿法并干法提取方式对炉渣中铁的提取效率为63%~73%。XRD分析结果表明,铁磁性物质矿物组分主要包括磁铁矿(Fe3O4)、赤铁矿(Fe2O3)、单质铁(Fe)等含铁矿物组分,以及少量石英(SiO2)和钙铝黄长石(2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2)等不含铁矿物组分。以纯水、无水乙醇和丙酮作为提纯介质经二步提取所得的铁磁性物质中Fe0:Fe2+:Fe3+分别为10:35:55、12:43::45和9:33:59。 相似文献
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The native carbon oxidation and PolyChloroDibenzo-p-Dioxins and PolyChloroDibenzoFurans, PCDD/F, formation were simultaneously studied at different temperatures (230-350 degrees C) and times (0-1440 min) in order to establish a direct correlation between the disappearance of the reagent and the formation of the products. The kinetic runs were conducted in an experimental set up where conditions were chosen to gain information on the role of fly ash deposits in cold zones of municipal solid waste incinerators in PCDD/F formation reaction. The carbon oxidation measured as the decrease of total organic carbon of fly ash was in agreement with the carbon evolved as sum of CO and CO(2). The carbon mass balance indicated an increase in the efficiency of carbon conversion in CO and CO(2) with temperature. The CO and CO(2) formation was the result of two parallel pseudo first order reactions thus giving significant information about the reaction mechanism. PCDD/F formation as a function of temperature showed that the maximum formation was achieved in a narrow range around 280 degrees C; the time effect at 280 degrees C was a progressive formation increase at least up to 900 min. The PCDF:PCDD molar ratio increased with temperature and time, and the most abundant homologues were HxCDD, HpCDD, OCDD for PCDD, and HxCDF, HpCDF within PCDF. These experimental results supported the hypothesis that the formation mechanism was the de novo synthesis. 相似文献
5.
垃圾焚烧飞灰的石材化固化处理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为促进垃圾焚烧飞灰的无害化处理及资源化利用,提出了一种石材化固化处理方法,并对其产物的使用性能、毒物浸出特性及该方法的经济效益进行探索。结果表明:该处理方法利用C80PHC生产中高温、高压、高湿环境及磨细石英砂的存在使水泥水化产物转变为托贝莫来石,一方面提高混凝土的致密性及强度,减少毒物浸出通道;另一方面将毒物包容或固结在其石材化的晶格中,几乎杜绝了毒物浸出。同时其产物的脱模强度及高压蒸养强度均满足C80PHC的使用要求,从而确保了其资源化利用的可行性。石材化固化处理的处理成本仅约为108.1元/t,使用时也无需额外占用土地、增加设备和材料成本,因此有望在低成本条件下达到无害化处理的工艺水平,是一项经济、环保、可靠的创新技术。 相似文献
6.
The biodegradation of organic matter in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash was studied in order to investigate the interaction between the CO(2) produced by microbial respiration and bottom ash. Respiration tests were performed on bottom ash at different moisture contents in an incubator at 30 degrees C. O(2) consumption and CO(2) production were monitored and quantified. Leaching tests were carried out at the end of the experiments. Total organic carbon (TOC) leaching had decreased. Over a period of three weeks, pH decreased from 10.7 to 8.2 and bottom ash was considered to be fully carbonated. This showed that the organic matter found in bottom ash can provide a substrate for microbial activity. The CO(2) produced by microbial respiration was directly dissolved in bottom ash pore water in order to be mineralized in carbonate form. The origin of the carbon dioxide which induces maturation of bottom ash on weathering areas has never been really discussed and is often presumed to be atmospheric CO(2). However, biodegradation of organic matter could contribute for a large part to this phenomenon, depending on field-scale physico-chemical weathering conditions. 相似文献
7.
飞灰热处理过程中基本特性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
对不同粒径飞灰中重金属的分布情况进行了研究,并采用高温熔融管式电炉试验装置,对垃圾焚烧飞灰进行了高温热处理研究,探讨了热处理过程中飞灰减重率和重金属挥发率的变化规律,并对飞灰热处理后的收集物进行XRD实验。结果表明,Cd和Pb在小粒径飞灰中含量较高,Zn和Cu的分布与飞灰的粒径分布相似,Cr富集于相对较大粒径的飞灰中。热处理过程中,1 150 ℃和1 350 ℃时飞灰减重率增长快,而在650~1 050 ℃之间减重率增长缓慢,仅从8%增加至17%。飞灰中重金属经热处理后,挥发率依次为Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn。XRD实验结果表明,Pb主要以双金属氯化物(KPb2Cl5)形式挥发。 相似文献
8.
Influence of residual carbon on the decomposition process of PCDD/Fs in MSWI fly ash 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In heating treatment of fly ash to reduce PCDD/Fs, cooling process is important to inhibit de novo formation of PCDD/Fs. In this study, assuming that residual carbon is the dominant factor of de novo synthesis, the relation between PCDD/Fs and residual carbon was examined. Firstly, by using MSWI fly ash which was treated in an actually operated facility, both the content of PCDD/Fs and residual carbon were decreased as heating temperature increased. At temperatures higher than 400 degrees C, the reduction rate of residual carbon was higher than 20% and more than 95% of PCDD/Fs was decomposed. In order to simulate a heating treatment process, fly ash was heated at different temperatures and gas atmospheres, oxygen or nitrogen. Heated fly ash was placed for 2 h at 300 degrees C in oxygen to promote de novo synthesis, or cooled immediately. As a result, good correlation between PCDD/Fs and residual carbon was found, therefore it was shown experimentally that residual carbon was the main factor for PCDD/Fs formation by de novo synthesis in fly ash. 相似文献
9.
Characterization of residual carbon influencing on de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs in MSWI fly ash 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using 19 samples of fly ash collected from various MSW incineration facilities, residual carbon was characterized by gasifiable fraction at 450 degrees C (C450), and the correlations with de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs were experimentally examined. Fly ashes were classified into three groups by the ratio of C450 to total residual carbon. By comparison of CO and CO2 generation patterns with those of reference materials, unburnt carbon of solid waste and activated carbon powder injected into flue gas were identified as a carbon source in fly ash. In the experiment of de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs, the content of PCDD/F synthesis depended on C450 regardless of the origin of carbon. In addition, the model to predict the content of PCDD/F synthesis, DeltaPCDD/F=0.989.Cu.C450, fitted well with experimental values. 相似文献
10.
生活垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属的受热特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了飞灰重金属在不同煅烧温度下的挥发情况及其存在形态.结果表明:重金属挥发能力由强到弱依次为Hg>Pb>As、Cd>Zn>Cr、Ni、Cu;其中Hg、Pb、As和Cd属易挥发重金属,在1 150 ℃时几乎全部挥发;Zn属较易挥发重金属,1 150 ℃时的挥发率在40%~50%;Cr、Ni和Cu属难挥发重金属,在1 150 ℃的挥发率不超过10%;在400~1 150 ℃,随温度的升高,部分Zn、Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Ni和As由可溶态向残渣态、铁锰氧化态转化;在400~900 ℃,随温度的升高Cr可溶态比例减少,而在900~1 150 ℃,随温度的升高其可溶态比例增加. 相似文献
11.
Baghouse ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant was heated from 25 degrees C to 800 degrees C under nitrogen in a fixed-bed reactor. The exhaust gas was passed sequentially through water, acetone and cyclohexane. The cytotoxicity testing of the three adsorbates was done with the MRC-5 cell line and the percentage cell survival was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) analysis. The highest level of toxicity of the exhaust gas was observed at 500 degrees C. The total cytotoxicity of the three adsorbates at any treatment temperature was found to be a function of the sum of organic carbon (TOC), inorganic carbon (IC) and molecular chlorine (Cl(2)), of which, molecular chlorine was quantitatively the greatest. 相似文献
12.
Lee S Wang Y Russell AG 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2010,60(11):1282-1292
Organic carbon (OC) is one of the major components of ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter [PM] < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) and a significant portion of OC is from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the southeastern United States. Various approaches (based on measurement and modeling results) are applied to estimate secondary organic carbon (SOC) and its origins in the region. SOC estimates by various methods are consistent as to clear seasonal variation (i.e., relatively higher SOC in summer) and little spatial variability (i.e., a regional characteristic of SOC). However, there are differences as to the origins of SOC. SOA organic tracer and emission-based modeling studies indicate that the biogenic origin of SOC is dominant in the Southeast, showing that biogenic-origin SOC accounts for 90% of SOC in summer and more than 70% even in other seasons. However, results from other studies suggest that the anthropogenic origin of SOC is dominant, significant amounts of anthropogenic-origin SOC, or important roles of anthropogenic pollutants for SOA formation, especially at urban areas, as strong correlations between water-soluble OC (an indicator of SOC) and anthropogenic pollutants, considerable amounts of fossil water-soluble OC, and significant contributions of fossil SOC (37-52% in summer months, 70-73% in winter months) are observed. Therefore, more studies are needed to reconcile the differences in the source attribution of SOC measurements. 相似文献
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垃圾焚烧厂焚烧底灰的处理研究 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
系统地研究了常州市环境卫生综合厂垃圾焚烧车间的底灰。研究结果表明,根据中国现行的污染控制标准,该厂的底灰属于一般废物,可以以建筑垃圾的方式处理。但对底灰的分选和分类研究结果表明,底灰含有一定量的未燃烬的有机废物,也有一些可回收利用的废物。因此,底灰应该先分选后,再对无利用价值的渣土作填埋或其他处置。 相似文献
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为实现城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的安全处理,通过机械力化学法活化循环流化床燃煤固硫灰,探讨了球磨样品制备固化体的参数。并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)手段对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的固化机制进行了研究。结果表明,当垃圾焚烧飞灰掺加比为60%,球磨转速为600 r·min-1,球磨时间为5 h,养护温度60 ℃时的固化体28 d和56 d抗压强度分别达到15.6 MPa和17.9 MPa,采用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)测得固化体中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd和Cr重金属浸出量均低于GB 5085.3-2007规定限值。XRD和FTIR表征结果表明,在水化过程中,该混合体系生成了水化硅酸钙(C—S—H)、斜方钙沸石和钙矾石(AFt)等水化产物,并且C—S—H凝胶可通过物理包裹的形式固化垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属;斜方钙沸石和钙矾石以化学吸附的方式使垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属离子达到固化/稳定化效果,实现了垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的安全处理。 相似文献
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类柱试验中焚烧飞灰浸出特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过类柱试验研究焚烧飞灰的浸出规律.结果表明,随着流入系统中酸溶液体积的增加,系统pH先升高而后下降;在整个系统中,Ca的浸出质量浓度很高;Cr的浸出质量浓度要高于Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb和Ni,随着反应时间的推进,它们的浸出质量浓度都随着流入系统中酸溶液体积的增加而逐渐降低;在同一时间浸出质量浓度曲线上,从系统的上游到下游,浸出质量浓度呈增加趋势,如Cu的浸出质量浓度在系统上游(单元1)为60.2 μg/L,而在系统下游(单元10)为158.0 μg/L. 相似文献
17.
调质对垃圾焚烧飞灰烧结处理的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为提高经磷酸预处理后的焚烧飞灰在烧结处理过程中的烧结体机械强度,研究了添加SiO2或粉煤灰进行调质,其添加比例对烧结温度和烧结体性能的影响。同时进一步研究了利用硼酸钠作为助熔剂对焚烧飞灰烧结试验影响。结果表明,在烧结温度为1 150℃时,添加30%或者更低比例的SiO2,或添加20%比例的粉煤灰,焚烧飞灰烧结体已经具有足够的抗压强度和致密化程度。添加5%的硼酸钠时,坯体烧结温度在1 050℃,而添加10%的硼酸钠时烧结温度可降低至980℃。 相似文献
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焚烧已经成为处理城市生活垃圾的一种主要方法,而焚烧后所产生的垃圾飞灰由于其含有大量的有害物质,处理较为困难。为了探究冶金烧结法处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的可行性,将添加3%垃圾飞灰的冷固小球与其他矿石原料混合,进行烧结实验,并对添加垃圾焚烧飞灰后烧结矿的冶金性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,与基准样相比,烧结矿添加垃圾焚烧飞灰后其转鼓强度平均提高了9.51%,抗磨指数平均提高了9.47%,而其落下强度平均降低了3.79%。少量添加垃圾焚烧飞灰使得烧结矿的还原性提高了3.29%,而软融性和低温还原粉化性略微有所下降。总体来说,垃圾焚烧飞灰的添加并没有恶化烧结矿的冶金性能,且不影响后续冶炼工作的进行。 相似文献