印钞造纸废水回用中试研究

本课题以印钞造纸废水回用为目标，通过中试研究表明采用生物处理为核心工艺，结合废水深度处理技术。完全能使废水出水水质达到工业用水标准，从而为今后实际工程上马提供了较可靠的试验依据。     

炼油污水厂生物强化处理中试研究

为考察生物强化技术对污水系统污染物去除能力和稳定性的改善情况,验证生物强化技术在炼油废水处理中的应用效果,开展了生物强化技术处理炼油废水的中试研究。结果表明,经过生物强化培养后,COD去除率由原来的平均78．23％-78．75％提升至86．48％-89．09％,氨氮去除率由原来的平均58．40％～90．96％提升至95．51％-96．96％,污泥沉降性大幅改善,出水悬浮物明显减少。     

含铜制药有机废水的处理研究

通过试验，采用将化学沉淀和生物处理相结合的工艺流程及方法处理含铜有机废水，经处理后的出水Cu^2 符合排放标准。     

脉冲喷流复合厌氧污泥床技术及应用

介绍了脉冲喷流复合厌氧污泥床技术用于低浓度有机废水处理的实验室及中试效果,以及在农村生活污水处理项目中的应用,结果表明:以该技术为核心的生活污水生物处理系统,在HRT为6～10h,即有机物容积负荷为0.93～0.52kgCOD/m3.d时,COD去除率可稳定达到35%以上,氨氮和总磷去除率可达到17%～25%,具有优化处理系统、强化处理效果、降低后续好氧段能耗及占地面积的特点。     

催化铁内电解＋CAST工艺耦合处理城市污水脱氮除磷效果研究

开展了催化铁内电解＋CAST工艺耦合系统处理城市污水脱氮除磷的中试试验研究。研究表明：催化铁内电解具有改善活性污泥性状的作用,能够强化生物脱氮,提高脱氮效果;同时通过生物除磷与化学除磷协同作用提高除磷效果。试验期间各项指标去除效果良好,NH3-N平均去除率为96.40%,TN去除率为36.55%,TP去除率为90.00%,各项指标基本上稳定达到一级A标准。     

工业园区污水处理工艺的运行及完善探讨

本文对某工业园区的综合废水处理工艺开展了连续两年的运行调查,进行了其工艺完善及提标改造的技术探讨。研究表明,改造前该污水处理装置的出水COD、BOD5、总磷、SS均能达到排放标准,而唯独出水氨氮处理效果差,难以达到一级排放标准要求。通过增设预处理水解装置、生物氧化装置导流墙容积比改进、生物塘深度处理工艺完善后,能够保证出水氨氮的处理效果且能达到一级A排放标准。     

高氨氮高浓度有机物制药污水处理中试研究

文章总结了某制药企业采用固定化高效微生物-曝气生物滤池处理高氨氮高浓度有机物制药污水的中试结果，并对其进行了分析研究。     

人工湿地技术处理生活污水

本文评估了一级强化预处理＋人工湿地在处理生活污水方面的使用范围,提出当进水中氨氮达到35mg/L,通过一级强化预处理以及人工湿地的出水难以达到一级B标准;同时由于人工湿地大部分为厌氧环境,对硝态氮去除效果良好,本文提出在进水氨氮浓度较高的情况下,将硝化加入人工湿地的预处理,利用人工湿地的一部分硝化能力和良好的反硝化能力使出水达标排放。     

川西地区气田废水处理技术及应用

简要介绍了川西地区气田废水的水质特征,阐述了物理及化学处理、生物处理、气田废水回注在川西地区的应用,其中齐福废水处理站经过物理及化学处理之后、袁家废水处理站经过生物处理后,基本达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996),并对川西气田废水处理技术的发展做了展望。     

胜利油田利用生化法处理含油泥砂研究

胜利油田含油泥砂中含油量较高,直接进行生物降解处理的难度较大,操作周期长,费用高。先采用化学方法处理再进行生物处理,这样既可实现原油的资源化,又可降低费用,提高处理速度及处理效果。实验结果表明:化学处理方法能够将含油泥沙的含油量由51.1%降低至3.1%,原油回收率达到94%以上;再经过48h的生物处理,其含油量降到0.18%,达到了国家规定的无害化排放标准(<0.3%)。     

同步硝化好氧反硝化生物脱氮机理分析及其研究进展

通过对比传统生物脱氮理论，提出同步硝化好氧反硝化技术优点，对好氧反硝化的机理进行了初步探讨，并从不同角度做了理论分析。同时阐述了同步硝化反硝化技术的控制因素及其研究进展。并对好氧反硝化的应用前景作了展望，提出了好氧反硝化今后的研究方向。     

人工湿地污水处理系统脱氮机理研究进展

本文介绍了近年来人工湿地污水处理系统脱氮机理的研究情况,阐述了人工湿地脱氮的三种途径：植物和其它生物的吸收作用、微生物的生物转化作用及氨气的挥发作用,其中微生物的生物转化作用是人工湿地主要的脱氮方式.同时对影响人工湿地脱氮效率的主要因素：温度、pH值、氧化还原电位、溶解氧、微生物可利用有机碳与硝态氮、停留时间等都作了比较详细的介绍,为进一步开展人工湿地脱氮机理的研究和优化人工湿地污水处理系统设计提供参考.     

CAST工艺脱氮的研究

在CAST工艺中，通过控制活性污泥工艺的反应环境可以使氮的去除过程优化。将传统的处理方法和周期循环运行过程的处理效果做长时间的比较，通过检测比较硝化速率，同时硝化反硝化以及除磷效果，可知，当运行负荷相同时，周期循环运行过程是一种很有优势的污水处理方法。     

Enhanced nutrient removal by oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) control in laboratory-scale extended aeration reactors

A study was conducted to examine N and P removal by a laboratory-scale extended aeration treatment system employing oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) controlled aeration. The system was provided with a 90-L aeration tank. When ORP controlled aeration was applied, the aeration tank was divided into three zones, namely the ORP zone (45 L), the anaerobic zone (27 L) and the aerobic zone (18 L). An external anoxic selector of 3.8 L in volume was also added. An ORP set point of 70 mV was used for the ORP zone. The extended aeration treatment system operating without the ORP controlled aeration was used as the control.COD removal (97%) was not affected, but both N and P removal were enhanced significantly in the ORP reactor. Total N removal efficiency was increased from 49.1% (control) to 83.5%. Almost all P was captured (99%), leaving an average of 0.09 mg L⁻¹ P in the effluent. The ORP reactor yielded a sludge P content of 3.1%, compared to only 1.8% for the control. This indicated luxury P uptake in ORP reactor. Very significant P release and denitrification were found in the anoxic selector. Fairly good simultaneous nitrification and denitrification had occurred in the ORP zone. However, P release was very limited in the anoxic zone. However, anoxic P uptake and nitrification were found in this zone.Low F/M bulking was observed in both the control and ORP operation before the installation of a selector. Bacterial Type 0041 was identified as the predominant bulking organism. For the Control, an aerobic selector cured the bulking problem in one sludge age while an anoxic selector fixed up the problem during the ORP operation.     

Nitrous oxide emissions from wastewater treatment and water reclamation plants in southern California

Nitrous oxide (N?O) is a long-lived and potent greenhouse gas produced during microbial nitrification and denitrification. In developed countries, centralized water reclamation plants often use these processes for N removal before effluent is used for irrigation or discharged to surface water, thus making this treatment a potentially large source of N?O in urban areas. In the arid but densely populated southwestern United States, water reclamation for irrigation is an important alternative to long-distance water importation. We measured N?O concentrations and fluxes from several wastewater treatment processes in urban southern California. We found that N removal during water reclamation may lead to in situ N?O emission rates that are three or more times greater than traditional treatment processes (C oxidation only). In the water reclamation plants tested, N?O production was a greater percentage of total N removed (1.2%) than traditional treatment processes (C oxidation only) (0.4%). We also measured stable isotope ratios (δN and δO) of emitted N?O and found distinct δN signatures of N?O from denitrification (0.0 ± 4.0 ‰) and nitrification reactors (-24.5 ± 2.2 ‰), respectively. These isotope data confirm that both nitrification and denitrification contribute to N?O emissions within the same treatment plant. Our estimates indicate that N?O emissions from biological N removal for water reclamation may be several orders of magnitude greater than N?O emissions from agricultural activities in highly urbanized southern California. Our results suggest that wastewater treatment that includes biological nitrogen removal can significantly increase urban N?O emissions.     

Potential nitrification and denitrification on different surfaces in a constructed treatment wetland

Improved understanding of the importance of different surfaces in supporting attached nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria is essential if we are to optimize the N removal capacity of treatment wetlands. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the nitrifying and denitrifying capacity of different surfaces in a constructed treatment wetland and to assess the relative importance of these surfaces for overall N removal in the wetland. Intact sediment cores, old pine and spruce twigs, shoots of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), and filamentous macro-algae were collected in July and November 1999 in two basins of the wetland system. One of the basins had been constructed on land that contained lots of wood debris, particularly twigs of coniferous trees. Potential nitrification was measured using the isotope-dilution technique, and potential denitrification was determined using the acetylene-inhibition technique in laboratory microcosm incubations. Nitrification rates were highest on the twigs. These rates were three and 100 times higher than in the sediment and on Eurasian watermilfoil, respectively. Potential denitrification rates were highest in the sediment. These rates were three times higher than on the twigs and 40 times higher than on Eurasian watermilfoil. The distribution of denitrifying bacteria was most likely due to the availability of organic material, with higher denitrification rates in the sediment than on surfaces in the water column. Our results indicate that denitrification, and particularly nitrification, in treatment wetlands could be significantly increased by addition of surfaces such as twigs.     

焦化废水生物脱氮工艺的探讨

焦化废水是一种氨氮和有机物浓度较高的难生化降解有机废水。随着排放指标的日益严格,出现了很多焦化废水的处理新技术,而焦化废水的生物脱氮技术的发展是其中非常重要的一个方面。本文以生物脱氮硝化／反硝化反应的反应途径为线索,系统分析了国内外近年来在焦化废水生物脱氮方面的研究进展,并简要介绍了国外一些生物脱氮的新技术,包括SHARON工艺、OLAND工艺和ANAMMOX工艺。     

生活小区生活污水除磷脱氮工艺改进研究

本文提出了生活小区生活污水处理工艺中的一种除磷脱氮技术改进方法，达到了预期效果；为我国城市(镇)小区生活污水处理提供了一个切实可行的处理方案。     

从潜流式人工湿地设计谈提高氮去除率方法的途径

从相关文献与实际工程来看,潜流式人工湿地对含氮污染物的去除效果与含碳污染物的去除比相对较弱。参考国内外大量文献资料,根据潜流式人工湿地的常规工艺和脱氮机理,本文总结并提出了一些提高污水氮去除率的方法。指出应根据具体的情况选择合适的植物和基质、通过工程措施和工艺组合、优化工艺设计及其他一些方法来创造脱氮所需环境,从而达到提高潜流式人工湿地氮去除率的目的。     

Persistence of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic difloxacin in soil and lacking effects on nitrogen turnover

The environmental risks caused by the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in human therapeutics and animal husbandry are associated with their persistence and (bio)accessibility in soil. To assess these aspects, we administered difloxacin to pigs and applied the contaminated manure to soil. We then evaluated the dissipation and sequestration of difloxacin in soil in the absence and presence of plants within a laboratory trial, a mesocosm trial, and a field trial. A sequential extraction yielded antibiotic fractions of differing binding strength. We also assessed the antibiotic's effects on nitrogen turnover in soil (potential nitrification and denitrification). Difloxacin was hardly (bio)accessible and was very persistent under all conditions studied (dissipation half-life in bulk soil, >217 d), rapidly forming nonextractable residues. Although varying environmental conditions did not affect persistence, dissipation was accelerated in soil surrounding plant roots. Effects on nitrogen turnover were limited due to the compound's strong binding and small (bio)accessibility despite its persistence.