A new approach on troubleshooting of cathodic protection: A case study

The aim of this paper is to suggest an effective procedure to eliminate a major deficiency in impressed current cathodic protection (CP). Current work describes performed activities through jetty cathodic protection troubleshooting as a case study. Although CP troubleshooting is straightforward, sometimes it is very complicated and confusing. To eliminate the appeared imperfection, different procedures were carried out; the root cause of the trouble in the system was shown to be in reversed current. Here the current which passed throughout installed junction were measured to survey reversed current. Current work offers a new approach in CP troubleshooting.     

Engineering line diagram development from process flowsheets: Part 1: Shortfalls in current practice

Engineering line diagram (ELD) development forms a distinct phase in process plant design. It is a complex and expensive activity and as such warrants considerable effort to minimise costs and maximise effectiveness. In this paper, the nature of the ELD design task is analysed in order to understand how it could be carried out more effectively. A number of shortfalls in current practice are discussed. These shortfalls were identified through a combination of the following activities: a review of the literature; a survey of current practice and follow-up line diagram development exercise; and task analysis work carried out at ICI. The most significant findings of the survey of current practice are presented. It is proposed that the shortfalls identified can be overcome by introducing structure to the design task. The manner in which this can be achieved is the subject of the second part of this paper.     

A chemical plant protection game incorporating bounded rational attackers and distribution-free uncertainties

The chemical industry has an important role in our modern society. Due to the existence of hazardous materials and possible extreme producing conditions, chemical facilities are also considered dangerous. Research has pointed out that a successful attack on chemical plants may cause mass casualties, in the United States. Game theory has been employed to improve the protection of chemical plants, and current literature on chemical plant protection games assume a ‘rational’ attacker. The present paper studies a game-theoretic model, which is played by a rational defender and a ‘bounded rational’ attacker, for improving chemical plant protection. The attacker modeled in this paper is assumed to play higher payoff strategies with higher probabilities, which is innovative from the current chemical security literature. Attackers in the current chemical plant protection games would always play the strategy with the highest payoff (probability of 100%). Distribution-free uncertainties on attacker's parameters are also integrated into the model. An algorithm for solving the game presented in this paper is also proposed. A case study reveals that although a bounded rational attacker would reduce the defender's expected payoff, the defender's equilibrium strategy from the present model is robust to different attacker behaviors.     

芒刺-板式电除尘器收尘极板电流密度分布规律研究

在芒刺-板式电除尘器中,板电流密度分布越均匀,越有利于除尘效率提高.因此,知道收尘极板电流密度分布对电除尘器的电极结构设计是重要的.然而,由于处于芒刺正下方的峰值电流不易确定,导致现有的电流密度分布式很难用于实际工程计算.另外,这些计算式不满足高斯通量定理.要使芒刺-板式电除尘器收尘极板电流密度分布满足高斯电通量定理,电流密度分布规律应服从某种特定的分布函数.通过对Warburg单根芒刺-板式电极极板电流密度分布模型的变量分析,发现芒刺-板式电除尘器收尘极板电流密度分布恰是自由度n=4的t分布.根据电流密度的分布特征,建立了由总电流确定极板电流密度的理论计算式.由于总电流很容易通过实测得到,因此,所建立的极板电流密度t分布模型更具实用性.比较研究表明,该理论式与其他研究者的实验结果有很好的一致性.     

钢渣热态资源化利用新技术

简述了钢渣处理的现状 ,即大部分钢渣资源化工艺是先水淬处理 ,后综合利用 ,指出了这种传统钢渣处理工艺的缺点 ,提出了一种钢渣热态资源化利用的新技术     

我国劳动安全卫生管理系统及其近期的发展

劳动安全卫生管理系统是指以降低工作岗位上的工伤事故和职业病为目的系统，即包括：立法、监察、企业安全管理在内的管理系统。我国当前正处在从计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程中，国家的劳动安全卫生管理系统也发生着重要变化，笔者从目前的劳动安全卫生管理系统现状分析入手，找出存在的问题，并指出其面临的选择和近期发展     

Towards the adoption of low-cost rail level crossing warning devices in regional areas of Australia: A review of current technologies and reliability issues

This paper discusses major obstacles for the adoption of low-cost level crossing warning devices (LCLCWDs) in Australia and reviews those trialed in Australia and internationally. The argument for the use of LCLCWDs is that for a given investment, more passive level crossings can be treated, therefore increasing safety benefits across the rail network. This approach, in theory, reduces risk across the network by utilizing a combination of low-cost and conventional level crossing interventions, similar to what is done in the road environment. This paper concludes that in order to determine if this approach can produce better safety outcomes than the current approach, involving the incremental upgrade of level crossings with conventional interventions, it is necessary to perform rigorous risk assessments and cost-benefit analyses of LCLCWDs. Further research is also needed to determine how best to differentiate less reliable LCCLWDs from conventional warning devices through the use of different warning signs and signals. This paper presents a strategy for progressing research and development of LCLCWDs and details how the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Rail Innovation is fulfilling this strategy through the current and future affordable level crossing projects.     

基于SPSS软件对大学生寝室用电安全意识的分析 ——以四川师范大学为例

为探究大学生寝室用电安全意识的现状及分析性别和年级两个变量对其的影响,本文采用问卷调查的方法对大学生进行调查。调查步骤分为预试问卷编制、预试、问卷可靠度分析、正式问卷确定和正式调查。利用SPSS24.0软件对调查结果进行独立样本t检验、单因子独立样本变异数分析(ANOVA分析)等操作,使分析结果更加科学和准确。最终得出结论:大学生寝室用电安全意识在安全认知知识方面较为深刻,在安全认知体验方面有一定的察觉能力,在安全认知监测方面还急需加强学习。另外,性别因素对安全意识有一定影响,年级因素对安全意识没有显著影响。并根据以上结论提出提了高大学生用电安全意识的对策。     

美军化学防护服防护因数测试用机器人最新研究进展——采用全自动多关节型机器人模型进行防护因数测试的可行性探讨

本文首先简介了美军化学防护服防护因数的现有测试方法—MIST法,然后指出了现有方法中的不足,提出了采用机器人系统—PETMAN系统替代真人进行评价试验的必要性。针对PETMAN系统的主要技术构成和相关部门要求,重点介绍了该项目研制过程中需要考虑的关键因素,并阐述了目前的研究进展。     

燃烧假人测试系统及其应用前景

燃烧假人测试系统是国际公认的定量评估防护装备阻燃性能的专用设备，本文主要介绍了燃烧假人测试系统的研究现状、系统构成、技术体系及应用前景。     

国内土壤环境污染现状与防治措施

土壤是农业生产的物质基础,其环境污染影响着农产品质量、人体健康与国民经济发展。本文根据实际土壤环境污染情况调查结果,主要阐述了国内土壤环境污染现状,介绍了当前可应用的土壤污染修复技术,并针对污染现状提出了几点防治措施。     

公共信用视角下的安全生产模式及其信用机制

为探析当前安全生产问题的深层原因,改进安全生产工作方式,探索构建安全生产长效机制,根据对政府、企业和职工等不同主体在安全生产领域中的公共信用分析,发现主体两两之间存在信用关系,进而发现安全生产信用模式。在信用模式的基础上,指出当前安全生产的问题在于主体信用缺失或信用关系扭曲,且缺乏强大的社会力量和规范的市场机制监督、评估与约束不同主体的信用行为,尚未形成安全生产信用机制。论证得出:构建法治化、市场化和社会化的安全生产信用机制是治理当前安全生产问题的有效途径,同时也是安全生产发展的必然趋势。     

基于集成法的道路交通安全评价

为了对道路交通安全进行较为客观的定量评价,将一种新的集成评价方法运用到评价中.该方法是包括德尔斐法、层次分析法、灰色聚类法、模糊评判、矩阵方法等一系列方法的综合应用.在该方法中,德尔斐法被用于建立道路交通安全的评价指标体系,层次分析法被用来确定各评价指标间的权重,灰色聚类法被用来对专家评分进行处理,模糊评判以及矩阵方法被用在整个运算过程中.不同的理论有不同的适用性,在道路交通安全评价中的不同阶段使用不同的理论,就能获得一个直观的评价结果.最后用一个算例说明了整个思路,并证明了该法是有效可行的,且有对历史样本数据无依赖、简单直观等优点.     

掘进工作面贴附射流通风浓差理论研究

掘进工作面压入式通风形成的风流是贴附射流。根据流体力学和射流理论 ,通风射流体结构分为起始段和主体段。风筒出口风流是新鲜的 ,射流周围气体中污染物浓度高于射流体的浓度 ,与射流气体存在浓度差。因此 ,其通风射流为浓差射流。笔者分析了贴附射流主体段、起始段的轴心浓差和质量平均浓差 ,得出了计算模型。同时为研究压入式通风过程中污染物的分布提供了新的理论依据     

电催化氧化处理焦化废水静态实验研究

用电催化氧化处理焦化废水,研究了电压、电流密度、电解时间和电解质浓度对COD去除效果的影响,并通过多因素正交试验确定了该工艺最佳操作参数:电压为20 V,电流密度为94 mA/cm2,电解时间2.5 h,NaCl电解质质量浓度为1 g/L。结果表明,在此参数下出水COD水质指标稳定,并能达到国家《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB 50050—2007)标准。     

引入“管理抵消因子”的作业条件危险评价方法

本文借鉴目前通行的作业条件危险评价方法,结合安全生产管理的实践,创新性地提出了一种新型的安全评价方法——引入“管理抵消因子”的“格雷厄姆——金尼法”。在发电企业的重大危险源评估中成功运用该方法,表明了该方法科学可行。     

含氰污泥处理的研究

就逆流洗涤和洗涤投药两种工艺进行试验研究,结果表明采用逆流洗涤的方法,能降低污泥中的氰化物,浓度可达标,但是存在不少缺点。而采用洗涤投药工艺,不但可以使污泥达标,更重要的是技术上可行,经济上也比较合理。     

Staging the new romantic hero in the old cynical theatre: On managers,roles and change in Poland

Poland is undergoing a major systemic shift from a centrally-planned toward a market economy. All dimensions of societal life are involved in the change. The paper discusses the current role of Polish managers against the background of what it used to be like under communism from a social constructivist perspective. The role is considered from the point of view of the actors; how they construct their role.     

风浪流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型研究

船舶速度是船舶废气排放量计算的重要影响因子。为更加准确地测度船舶废气排放量,考虑海洋环境场对船舶速度的影响,分析了风、浪、流影响下的船舶运动,利用获取的实时风、浪、流信息对船舶AIS提供的航速进行修正,在此基础上建立了风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型,并介绍了船舶引擎功率的估算方法,以及排放因子和负荷因子的确定。最后,选取某散货船和客滚船的两个航次,分别采用传统模型和风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放计算模型进行计算,以CO2排放量反推油耗,并计算其与实际油耗的误差,结果表明,与传统模型计算结果相比,基于风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型得到的误差均有所减小,分别减小16.90%、18.60%、21.59%、21.94%,验证了模型的有效性。     

构建煤矿职业安全卫生管理体系

安全生产是煤矿企业的头等大事。根据煤矿企业的实际特点 ,分析了煤矿安全生产管理的现状、特点和煤矿建立职业安全卫生管理体系的注意事项。讨论了建立煤矿职业安全卫生管理体系的步骤和方法