影响大气污染物散布的气象条件

大气污染物的空间分布以及随时间的变化，与气象条件密切相关。影响大气污染物散布的气象因子主要有：风、湍流，大气稳定度，太阳辐射，云，降水，天气形势，混合层高度及大气运动的尺度等。文章论述了风，大气稳定度，太阳辐射，云和天气形势对大气污染物散布的影响，以有复杂地形上的空气污染与局地气象条件的关系，目诉在于寻求有效防治大气污染的途径。     

伊宁市大气环境污染特征及治理措施分析

文章介绍了伊宁市大气环境污染特征，通过对伊宁市多年（2001—2004年）来大气污染物的监测数据进行分析，摸清了伊宁市空气污染状况，主要污染类型为煤烟型，污染物为TSP、NO2、SO2。提出了大气污染治理的措施及建议，为了解和掌握伊宁市大气环境质量做了有益的探索研究。     

陶瓷工业污染物排放标准

本标准规定了陶瓷工业企业的水和大气污染物排放限值、监测和监控要求。本标准适用于陶瓷工业企业的水污染物和大气污染物排放管理,以及对陶瓷工业企业建设项目的环境影响评价、环境保护设施设计、竣工环境保护验收及其投产后的水污染物和大气污染物排放管理。本标准不适用于陶瓷原辅材料的开采及初加工过程的水污染物和大气污染物排放管理。     

北京市大气污染物排放现状分析及治理对策研究

通过对北京市2000—2004年间大气污染物排放情况的考察和研究,着重分析了二氧化硫等大气污染物的排放现状以及大气污染物排放强度指标变化的原因并与国内主要城市及美国大气污染物排放指标进行了对比。结果表明,北京市大气污染物强度在国内处于较低水平,但与发达国家相比,仍有相当的差距,并提出了治理大气污染的对策。     

权重排放量及排放量权重轨迹模型

大气污染物浓度权重轨迹模型是一种研究大气污染物的区域输送问题的常用模型,但这一模型只考虑大气污染物浓度对目标城市的影响,而不考虑大气污染物持续输送时间的影响。针对此缺陷,提出了一种新的大气污染物源区计算模型——排放量权重轨迹模型,将污染物持续输送的时间因素引入模型计算中,计算出网格的权重排放量,并将权重排放量作为对目标城市污染贡献度的新衡量标准。     

最新环境保护标准

镁、钛工业污染物排放标准 本标准规定了镁、钛工业企业生产过程中水污染物和大气污染物排放限值、监测和监控要求。本标准适用于镁、钛工业企业的水污染物和大气污染物排放管理,以及镁、钛工业企业建设项目的环境影响评价、环境保护设施设计、竣工环境保护验收及其投产后的水污染物和大气污染物排放管理。本标准不适用于镁、     

西宁市“八五”期间大气环境质量变化状况及防治对策

通过对西宁市“八五”期间大气污染物排放善和大气环境质量的综合分析，查明了污染西宁市大气的主要因素，撮了以控制燃煤为主的防治观点和合理建立大气污染防治目标以及实现目标的对策。     

济南夏季降水过程对大气污染物的影响

利用2016年6月—9月济南大气污染物连续监测数据和同期的降水数据,分析了夏季降水对大气污染物的清除效果。结果表明,降水对大气污染物的清除效率,最高的是PM_(10),PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_2次之,对O_3的清除效率最低。降水对颗粒物的清除效率高于对气态污染物的清除效率,两者的降水清除机制不同。降水量大于5 mm时,降水对污染物有一定的清除效果,且清除效果随雨量增大而增大。降水时长为10~15 h时,降水事件对大气污染物的清除效率最高。     

油田开发过程中大气污染的防治

文章针对油田大气污染源的时间、空间分布以及生产工况进行分类,总结油田主要大气污染物及其危害,在分析污染物造成的大气环境影响基础上提出油田开发不同阶段的大气污染防治措施,以保护区域大气环境质量。     

对GB16297—1996的理解

通过实际运用碳黑尘排放标准，提出了《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB16297－1996）由于未限定生产规模（即未限定排气量），可能造成潜在的污染物排放总量增加。     

Gendered dimensions of climate change response in Swedish municipalities

This article elaborates on and discusses gendered dimensions of climate change response in Swedish municipalities. There are indications that attitudes and behaviour to the environment and climate change are gendered. This evidence together with our own work further indicates that gender awareness is most probably an important influence on how municipalities respond to climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how gendered aspects of climate change response are integrated in the Swedish response to climate change. The potential causal relationships between a high level of awareness of the gendered aspects of climate change and the levels of climate change response were investigated. We asked whether there is a positive relationship between gender awareness and the quality of the communities' climate change policies and practice. Indications of such a relationship prompt a change in research priorities – paying more attention to gender – and in subsequent policy developments.     

基于信息熵的区域环境安全评价——以武汉市为例

土地利用变化所引起的环境影响及其环境安全评价已成为全球变化研究的核心。根据区域环境质量评价方法，引入信息熵的概念，以武汉市为例分析了近14年土地利用结构变化对环境的影响，并从土地-环境-经济三方面对其作了比较分析。结果表明，武汉市的整体环境趋于恶化，分区环境质量变化不平衡，生态系统经济价值总态势趋于下降。     

The Value of Linking Mitigation and Adaptation: A Case Study of Bangladesh

There are two principal strategies for managing climate change risks: mitigation and adaptation. Until recently, mitigation and adaptation have been considered separately in both climate change science and policy. Mitigation has been treated as an issue for developed countries, which hold the greatest responsibility for climate change, while adaptation is seen as a priority for the South, where mitigative capacity is low and vulnerability is high. This conceptual divide has hindered progress against the achievement of the fundamental sustainable development challenges of climate change. Recent attention to exploring the synergies between mitigation and adaptation suggests that an integrated approach could go some way to bridging the gap between the development and adaptation priorities of the South and the need to achieve global engagement in mitigation. These issues are explored through a case study analysis of climate change policy and practice in Bangladesh. Using the example of waste-to-compost projects, a mitigation-adaptation-development nexus is demonstrated, as projects contribute to mitigation through reducing methane emissions; adaptation through soil improvement in drought-prone areas; and sustainable development, because poverty is exacerbated when climate change reduces the flows of ecosystem services. Further, linking adaptation to mitigation makes mitigation action more relevant to policymakers in Bangladesh, increasing engagement in the international climate change agenda in preparation for a post-Kyoto global strategy. This case study strengthens the argument that while combining mitigation and adaptation is not a magic bullet for climate policy, synergies, particularly at the project level, can contribute to the sustainable development goals of climate change and are worth exploring.     

The impact of climate change on the benefit of a rain barrel sharing network

The assessment of the impact of climate change depends not only on quantitative changes in precipitation but also system characteristics that can be changed and enhanced. This study investigated the effect of building the shared network of a rainwater harvesting system as an adaptation to climate change scenarios. The performance of a rain barrel network under three climate change scenarios and three global circulation models (GCM) is examined. A sample community composed of four prospective users with individual storage is tested with various forms of shared connections. Most importantly, the results show that the benefit from shared rain barrels greatly increases under the climate change conditions compared with the historical rainfall data. Especially, for high reliabilities, the results indicate that the benefit of a rain barrel network increases under future climate change scenarios, whereas it does not show apparent improvement for low reliabilities. However, the performance of a rain barrel network is highly dependent on location and climate change scenarios. In contrast, the GCM does not considerably affect the performance of the shared network. The results of this study highlight the needs to establish sharing networks of rainwater harvesting systems under the climate change conditions, which would significantly increase the benefit of the entire community.     

Calibrating climate change policies: the causes and consequences of sustained under-reaction

We apply insights from the recent literature on disproportionate policy reactions to the case of climate change policy-making. We show when and why climate change exhibits features of a sustained under-reaction: Governments may react to concerns about climate change not through substantive change but by efforts to manage blame strategically. As long as they can avoid blame for potential negative policy outcomes policy-makers can act to deny problems, or implement only small-scale or symbolic reforms. While this pattern may change as climate change problems worsen and public recognition of the issue and what can be done about it alters, opportunities to manage blame will still exist. Governments will only revert to more substantive interventions when attempts to fatalistically frame the problem as unavoidable fail in the face of increased public visibility.     

石油开发对辽河油田湿地景观格局变化的影响分析

通过对1989-2009年20年间景观格局的空间分布、变化特征以及变化趋势分析,揭示了造成双台子河自然保护区环境变化的主要驱动力是人类活动和社会经济发展的影响,定量计算了石油开发对研究区域景观格局变化的影响。结果显示:1989-2009年双台河口自然保护区的土地利用类型发生了很大的变化,景观破碎度明显增加,人类活动导致保护区内的土地利用和景观格局也发生了明显变化,但油田开发在总的土地利用变化中的贡献率仅为4.6%。     

土地利用变化的数学模型解析

归纳了目前在研究土地利用变化中广泛采用的一些数学模型，解析了每种模型的涵义和意义。按照模型反映的内容不同，将其分为三大类：土地资源数量变化模型、土地资源质量变化模型和土地资源空间变化模型，总结了每类模型的特点和不足之处。     

On technical change in the elasticities of resource inputs

This article analyses growth of an economy where the substitutability between non-renewable and renewable resource inputs changes over time. We allow for exogenous technical change in the elasticity of substitution (EoS) between these two types of resources as well as for biased factor-augmenting technical change. Our main results are: (1) sustained technical change in the EoS is enough to overcome resource constraints; (2) productivity-enhancing technical change is most beneficial when directed to the resource which is currently most important for production; (3) the speed of productivity-enhancing technical change is crucial for its usefulness to overcome resource constraints; (4) sustainability depends critically on the type of technical change.     

An international review of local governance for climate change: implications for Hong Kong

Cities have increasingly become the focal point for climate change initiatives. However, how cities respond to climate change challenges and through what mechanisms have remained largely unexplored. This paper develops a framework for local governance to examine and explain climate change initiatives in cities. Based on the analysis of 20 climate change initiatives in major cities and a detailed case study of Hong Kong, this paper has two main findings. First, local governments at the city level have an important role to play in climate change policies by embracing some key strategies (such as deliberation and partnership) and values (such as equity and legitimacy) of good governance. Second, by comparing and contrasting the experience in other cities, our case study of Hong Kong provides insights about the barriers that may limit a city's ability to adapt to new forms of governance that would enable it to better respond to climate change. The paper concludes by exploring the potential role of local governance as a model to strengthen climate change initiatives at the city level.     

Ethical Issues in Mitigation of Climate Change: The Option of Reduced Meat Production and Consumption

In this paper I discuss ethical issues related to mitigation of climate change. In particular, I focus on mitigation of climate change to the extent this change is caused by livestock production. I support the view—on which many different ethical approaches converge—that the present generation has a moral obligation to mitigate climate change for the benefit of future generations and that developed countries should take the lead in the process. Moreover, I argue that since livestock production is an important contributing factor to climate change, we should undertake mitigation measures also in this sector and not only in, for example, the transport and energy sectors. However, technological solutions do not seem sufficient in the livestock sector, leaving us with the option of reduced meat production and consumption. In order to reach significant results in mitigation of climate change, political steering seems necessary. With this in mind, I argue in favor of a tax on meat consumption.