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1.
Valentine Vishnevsky Ivan Aleksandrov Alexey Polovyan 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(1):65-78
Management of the old industrial regions’ development is a very actual problem, in particular for the post-Soviet countries.
It is connected with the fact that the purposes of manufacture modernization which provide employment and incomes of the population
of such regions, can contradict requirements of environmental protection. Here the most different scenarios of development
are possible which need to be evaluated. Usual neoclassical criteria for this purpose do not match. Therefore, in our paper,
there was a task to develop such criterion which can be used for regulation of the old industrial regions’ development taking
into account the environmental factor. The paper begins with construction of regional economy model. Our model based on the
J. Forrester's “world model” idea, i.e. it considers the influence of environmental pollution (atmosphere, water, earth) on
the population disease level, and then—on the lifetime and the human capital; the latter ones are considered as one of the
most important factors of the economic growth. On the ground of this model, the consequences for realization of different
scenarios of the regional economy development are estimated. To substantiate the regulation of regional economy, the criterion
of sustainable development, based on the idea of simultaneous improvement of economic and ecological parameters, is offered.
The main feature of the criterion offered is that, first of all, it guarantees simultaneous improvement of each of the chosen
indicators of the region’s development, and, second, allows considering interests of various coalition groups by finding realistic
compromises at a choice of ways of old industrial regions’ development. 相似文献
2.
This paper focuses on comparative review and analysis of the systems of environmental protection, national environmental strategies
and fundamentals of environmental legislation in Australia and the Russian Federation. These countries have many socioeconomic
similarities, such as low population densities and richness in natural resources which are largely exported. The main disparity
between Australia and Russia is in the types of economy. This paper ‘continues’ the sequence of recent scholarly publications
on comparison of various features of environmental policies in the countries from all over the world. Comparative analysis
in this research has been based on examination of scholarly publications, legislation, government documents, mass media sources
and NGO responses. The analysis has revealed a number of differences including top-down implementation of policies in Russia
whereas in Australia, each State (Territory) implements policies with significant independence from the Commonwealth Government.
At the same time, similarities between the countries have been identified: for example, in deficits in the budget of local
environmental authorities and in the presence of contradictions in legislation at national and regional levels of government.
Suggestions resulting from this analysis include further integration of sustainable development strategies at all levels of
Australian government to encourage further protection of the environment and, for Russia, creating a separate Ministry of
Environmental Protection. These approaches should assist facilitation of sustainable development for both nations.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
3.
Tanzi Smith 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(1):1-17
Throughout the development sector, there is increasing recognition of links between the environment and aspects of development
such as poverty alleviation, health, income generation, and agriculture. While furnished with a diverse range of perspectives
and approaches, development practice is in need of ways to better conceptualize the interactions between the social, environmental,
and economic dimensions of sustainability so that opportunities for simultaneous improvement in human and ecological well-being
can be identified more readily. Critical systems thinking is proposed as a way for development practitioners to conceptualize
and act toward the integration of these economic, social, and environmental dimensions and, in so doing, support communities
to nurture both human and ecosystem well-being. Four desirable attributes of a critical systems thinking approach to development
are identified based on development literature, critical systems literature, and the author’s research into sustainability
in semi-rural communities in Vietnam. The four attributes are ‘a systems thinking approach;’ ‘an ethical base to action and
choices;’ ‘critical reflection permeates processes;’ and ‘appreciation of diverse views and application of diverse approaches.’
These attributes are described and then offered as the basis for further discussion of the ways in which simultaneous improvement
of human well-being and ecosystem health can become an integral part of development practice. 相似文献
4.
Suzannah Evans Comfort Joe Bob Hester 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2019,13(3):281-286
Studies show that NGOs persist in using social media to impart unidirectional messages rather than taking advantage of the participatory nature of networked media. Fear of a loss of message control may be at the heart of NGOs’ desire to keep social media messages on track. The current study examines the success of an environmental NGO in keeping its social media messages under control using quantitative content analysis of an NGO-promoted hashtag, #climatemarch, during a United Nations conference on climate change in 2015. Three dimensions of social media message success – volume, topic/valence, and participants – are proposed. 相似文献
5.
Creating a “values” chain for sustainable development in developing nations: where Maslow meets Porter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Philip R. Walsh 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(4):789-805
This paper serves to establish an appropriate framework for prioritizing policy related to sustainable development by combining
elements of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory with Porter’s value chain theory. An appropriate balance of social sustainability,
economic sustainability, and environmental sustainability is defined so that policy makers may be provided some direction
in regard to appropriate and socially just resource priorities. The model that forms the basis for this framework is then
tested through hierarchal regression analysis using data from 45 developing countries. Using these results, the values chain
framework has been refined to consider that self-actualization and sustainable development are one and the same and that the
satisfaction of society’s physiological needs through the prioritization of policies related to environmental sustainability
is the principle motivator for moving on to the attainment of higher-order needs such as increased levels of sustainable development. 相似文献
6.
信贷约束、社会资本与节水灌溉技术采用——以甘肃张掖为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
节水灌溉技术采用率低下已成为制约西北干旱地区农村经济可持续发展的关键。理论研究发现,信贷约束对具有资本密集型特质的节水灌溉技术采用产生影响,而社会资本对信贷约束具有一定的缓解作用。基于此,本文使用甘肃张掖483户农户调研数据,首先,将通过意愿调查法获得的农户金额约束、利率约束和期限约束数据资料表征农户信贷约束程度,并应用探索性因子分析法构建社会资本指数;其次,运用Probit模型实证分析信贷约束、社会资本对节水灌溉技术采用的影响;再次,分别引入社会资本与金额、利率和期限约束的交互项,检验社会资本对信贷约束的缓解效应;最后,通过稳健性检验与边际效应分析对实证结果和影响程度进行检验。结果发现:(1)信贷约束的三个维度——金额约束、利率约束和期限约束分别对节水灌溉技术采用行为具有显著的抑制作用,而社会资本对农户采用节水灌溉技术具有积极促进作用。金额约束每增加1万元,节水灌溉技术采用概率降低1.96%;利率约束每上升1%,采用概率下降0.77%;期限约束每延长1年,采用概率下降2.39%;农户社会资本每提高一个档次,采用概率提升21.04%。(2)社会资本通过民间借贷等形式,对技术采用过程中的金额与利率约束有显著的缓冲功能;受民间借贷期限不稳定等因素的影响,社会资本对期限约束的缓解效应并不明显。(3)户主年龄、受教育程度、所在村庄与乡镇的距离以及是否接受过技术推广服务均对节水灌溉技术采用行为有显著影响。 相似文献
7.
Fiji is expected to come under increasing pressure and risk from various threats resulting from climate change and sea-level
rise (SLR). Fiji consists of 332 islands and thus has a predominant and large coastline. Viti Levu is the largest and most
important of the islands, harboring Fiji’s capital city and most of the major towns concentrated around its coast. The objectives
of this study were to evaluate the extent of possible sea-level rise using GIS, and to identify high-risk locations. Potential
sea level rise was shown graphically as an output to determine where inundation or flooding would take place. This analysis
allowed important areas facing risk to be highlighted for future action. Flooding/inundation can be classified into two kinds:
‘permanent inundation’, which is the result of sea-level rise with tide; and ‘temporary flooding’, also including occasional
storm surge events. The inundated area was displayed under different projections and quantified. The results produced output
maps showing the distribution of inundation/flooding around the island of Viti Levu as well as the extent of flooding. Six
scenarios for sea-level rise were used (0.09, 0.18, 0.48, 0.50, 0.59, 0.88 m). Six scenarios for storm surge were used with
return intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 years. High risk and priority locations are identified as Fiji’s capital Suva, the
major tourist center and arrival port of Nadi, and Fiji’s second city Lautoka. Future action, adaptation and response strategies
in these identified locations must occur to reduce risk from climate change. 相似文献
8.
Research into national innovation systems (NISs) has received extensive academic and policy attention, and is especially relevant
with latecomer countries seeking to innovate in challenging industrial environments. In playing catch up with their early
industrializing counterparts, methods of learning take on increased importance in determining industrial success for latecomers.
The wind turbine technology innovation system is one that is highly dependent on both the extent of the national learning
processes and the strength of the national social-institutional setting. This research investigates the case of Taiwan, a
country which has embarked on a program to build its national innovative capacity in wind turbine technologies with specific
emphasis on Taiwan’s social sector. Within this system, the spotlight will be on four types of learning processes that interplay
during wind turbine development: learning by searching, learning by doing, learning by using, and learning by interacting. Through a case study of the emergence of Taiwan’s burgeoning large-scale wind power technology initiatives, the paper aims
to add to the understanding on how methods of learning impact upon the success of innovation systems. The findings show that
the industry’s future prospects are constrained because of the limited learning by interacting processes between turbine component producers, turbine owners, and researchers and because of weaknesses in the institutional
framework. This research also recognizes the importance that culture has on dominant forms of learning. 相似文献
9.
Bhaskar Nath 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(4):471-486
Most environmental professionals and decision-makers, and certainly the public at large, hold the view that the integrity
of earth’s natural environment will be conserved for posterity and sustainable development achieved if all the nations rigorously
enforced their environmental and emission standards. It is argued in this paper that this view, sincerely held by many as
an “axiomatic truth,” is mistaken and misplaced. This is because as a biogeochemical entity the Earth has limited self-regenerative
capacity (SRC) to cope with anthropogenic pollution, and all kinds of environmental problems ensue when that limit is exceeded.
Indeed, mounting environmental problems now occurring on all fronts amply testify to the fact that the limit has already been
exceeded. They also provide necessary and sufficient proof that environmental and emission standards have been woefully inadequate
for protecting earth’s natural environment and life-support systems. It is argued that true global environmental sustainability
will be achieved, paving the way to true global sustainable development, if and only if global environmental and emission
standards are set so that global anthropogenic pollution does not exceed the limit of earth’s natural SRC to cope with such
pollution. These and related issues are discussed in this paper. A simple mathematical model using basic mathematics is also
presented to explain how the phenomenon of “positive feedback” works in some of the environmental problems to exacerbate environmental
degradation and progressively to erode nature’s SRC.
相似文献
Bhaskar NathEmail: |
10.
In industrialized countries, the idea of degrowth has emerged as a response to environmental, social, and economic crises.
Realizing environmental limits to and failures of more than half a century of continual economic growth in terms of social
progress and environmental sustainability, the degrowth paradigm calls for a downscaling of consumption and production for
social equity and ecological sustainability. The call for economic degrowth is generally considered to be delimited to rich
countries, where reduced consumption can save “ecological space” enabling people in poor countries to enjoy the benefits of
economic growth. China, as one of the economically most expanding countries in the world, has dramatically improved its living
standards, particularly along the Eastern coast, over the latest 30 years. However, China is absent from the international
debates on growth. This article discusses the implications of the Western degrowth debates for China. Given the distinctive
features of China’s development, the paper aims to enrich the degrowth debates, which have hitherto been dominated by Western
perspectives. Based upon reflections on social, environmental, and moral dimensions of economic growth, the paper argues that
limited natural resources may not continuously support universal affluence at the current level of the rich countries, a level
that China is likely to reach within a few decades. Priority for growth in China should therefore be given to the poor regions
of the country, and future growth should be beneficial to social and environmental development. 相似文献
11.
Ezatollah Karami Afsaneh Mansoorabadi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):883-898
The purpose of this paper is to compare the attitudes of male and female rice growers towards environmental sustainability
and identify the constructs that will influence their attitudes and behaviors. A survey methodology with systematic sampling
techniques was used to select 181 households in four villages’ of Kazeroon, Iran. Results indicated that women farmers’ attitudes were more positive toward sustainability. A model was developed to
explain farmers’ attitudes and behavior toward environmental sustainability. Finally, the determinants of sustainable agriculture
attitudes and behavior are discussed.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
12.
This article focuses on the problems of water governance at a river basin level, and on the role of institutional coordination,
participation and partnerships between multiple stakeholders towards sustainable water management. Its approach presupposes
that institutional capacity building, strengthening coordination between government institutions (vertical and horizontal),
on the one hand, and broadening participation and consolidating partnerships between public, private and civil society actors,
on the other hand, is among effective tools in integrated water resource management in river basins. It explores environmental
challenges, problems, emerging trends and recent institutional innovations in the Volga basin in Russia—the largest river
basin in Europe. Transfer and adaptation of good practices in good water governance between the EU and Russia are discussed.
This article presents some research findings and lessons learned from practice by the EC international project ‘CABRI—Cooperation
along a big river: Institutional coordination among stakeholders for environmental risk management in the Volga basin’, which
is assessed as one of the selected success stories of the European research.’ 相似文献
13.
Partha Dasgupta 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(1):5-11
In this lecture, I demonstrate how very different macroeconomic history begins to look if Nature is included as a capital
asset in production activities. The tentative conclusions I draw from the evidence are: (1) high population growth in the
world’s poorest regions (South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa) has been an obstacle to the achievement of sustainable economic
development there; relatedly, (2) when population growth is taken into account, the accumulation of manufactured capital,
knowledge, and human capital (health and education) has not compensated for the degradation of natural capital in South Asia
and sub-Saharan Africa and, in all probability, even in the UK and the US; (3) China is possibly an exception to (1) and (2).
This article is based on the Keynote Lecture delivered at the international symposium on “Sustainability in an Unequal World”,
held in Tokyo on November 24, 2006. The exposition relies on my book, Economics: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007.
The author is the Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of St. John’s College,
Cambridge. 相似文献
14.
Waseem Ahmad Colin L. Soskolne Tanvir Ahmed 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2012,14(1):67-83
This paper focuses on identified challenges for sustainable development across various sectors and the actions needed by different
institutions and individuals for the achievement of a sustainable path. For finding solutions that impede sustainable development,
emphasis is given to collaborative, inter- and trans-disciplinary problem-solving approaches. The ‘ecological modernization’
view is based on the belief that science and technology will result in continuous improvement in human welfare, while the
emerging postmodern ‘ecological paradigm’ also emphasizes harmony with nature and other actors. Global societies are in the
midst of a number of challenges: (1) implementation of existing and new hard- and soft-law instruments, (2) the degradation
of natural resources, (3) an inadequate global mechanism for handling environmental and social responsibilities by the international
community, (4) an unbalanced distribution of wealth, locally and internationally, (5) unethical and unsustainable business
practices, (6) consequent unethical and unsustainable consumer practices, (7) selective application of ethical principles
by rich countries and (8) the absence of norms of good conduct by powerful and wealthy peoples pertaining to sustainable development.
Governments, civil societies, academicians, indigenous peoples, communities, businesses and international organizations need
to become engaged in the formulation and enforcement of environmentally and ecologically sound development policies along
with relevant research, education, training, awareness and a change in social values as provided in the Earth Charter to support
actions for sustainable development. 相似文献
15.
Kris A. G. Wyckhuys Robert J. O’Neil 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2010,12(3):297-311
In subsistence farming systems of the developing world, adoption of resource-conserving practices such as integrated pest
management (IPM) is often strikingly low. This has partially been ascribed to researchers’ limited understanding of how technologies
develop at the interface of the systems’ social and ecological components. In Honduras (Central America), there exists concern
about limited adoption and diffusion of IPM technologies in certain smallholder production systems. In this study, we determine
social and ecological drivers of IPM adoption in subsistence maize production in the country’s hillside environment. Honduran
small-scale maize production is typified by a key insect pest (the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda) being partly kept at bay through action of a diverse natural enemy complex, including ants, social wasps, carabid beetles,
and spiders. Local agricultural landscapes, primarily shaped through shifting cultivation, provide key resources to maintain
this natural enemy diversity. These local ecological conditions and related natural enemy abundance strongly influence farmers’
agroecological knowledge and pest management practices. In the meantime, farmer practices are also affected by local communication
networks, which help validate and spread IPM concepts and technologies. Based on our findings, we advocate a holistic approach
to improve IPM extension through mapping of agroecological opportunities, visualization of regional patterns in farmer knowledge,
and associated priority setting. Local IPM capacity could be built through institutional strengthening and adaptive comanagement,
while IPM training should be linked with natural resource management initiatives. These approaches may eventually improve
the way IPM is delivered to small-scale farmers who operate in the ecologically diverse environments of the tropics. 相似文献
16.
A. Meenatchi Sundaram 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(1):107-119
Chennai city the capital of Tamil Nadu is located in southeastern India. Its average population growth rate is 25% per decade,
which recurrently alters the city’s land-cover particularly the receding green-cover distressed the city’s self-renewal capacity,
in terms of groundwater recharge, pollution sequestration and microclimatic amelioration. This has been appraised by means
of a GIS model. This model was developed using three sets of green-cover associated parameters, namely air quality amelioration,
hydrological process regulation and microclimatic amelioration. The outcome confirms the difference in the city’s environmental
performance between the 1997 and 2001. At some parts of the city, due to the green-cover change, the extent of modification
was 38%, in terms of mean percent change in all three sets of parameters mentioned earlier. Through coefficient of correlation
(r) method, relationship between green-cover change and environmental performance change are checked. It confirms positive relationship
(r = 1) in all parts, except at few places. 相似文献
17.
Giuseppina Siciliano 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(6):1107-1133
There is growing awareness in today’s society regarding the potential of sustainable farming practices to decrease soil degradation
processes. This paper analyses the financial, environmental and social aspects of durum wheat cultivation practices linked
to soil degradation processes in Southern Tuscany. The analysis has been conducted within a Social Multi-Criteria Evaluation
(SMCE) framework and utilizing NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments) as a software tool.
Conventional, integrated and organic durum wheat cultivation practices have been compared. One key outcome of the analysis
is that organic practices represent a good compromise solution in relation to the environmental and socio-economic evaluation
criteria chosen. Finally, the paper also offers some considerations regarding the influence of Agricultural European Policies
(such as the CAP-Common Agricultural Policy) on the management of farming systems and as a consequence on the soil degradation
phenomena. 相似文献
18.
Although stewardship has been widely defined and used in environmental management and planning, there is a dearth of studies
that describe how the lay public perceives this concept. A national sample of residents in 14 states who live near DOE nuclear
facilities were interviewed to delineate public understanding and awareness of the stewardship program of the U.S. Department
of Energy (DOE). This study discusses the findings of the survey and discusses how institutional trust influences public participation
and resident’s choices of potential stewards. Almost 40% of the respondents could not define stewardship; those who did, believed
that ‘responsibility,’ ‘management,’ and ‘accountability’ are key elements of stewardship. In addition, about a third of the
respondents identified Federal groups and the DOE as potential stewards.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue 相似文献
19.
Thaissa Sobreiro Carlos Edwar de Carvalho Freitas Karen Lorena Prado Fabíola Aquino do Nascimento Rafaela Vicentini Aprígio Mota Moraes 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2010,12(6):1013-1024
We evaluated the implementation of a fishing agreement, which was created by negotiation among all users of the resources
as a co-management strategy because its definition was a result of meetings between all users of the resources. The fishing
agreement was implemented in Unini River, a tributary of the right bank of Negro River. Our approach was based on the perception
of the people who live in that area, called ribeirinhos. The management strategy was based on spatial distribution of the
different types of fishing. We used two logistic regression models to identify the variables which are important to determine
the previous concordance and satisfaction with the agreement. First, we analyzed the initial effort to implement the agreement.
The variable that influenced the decision of support for the agreement and satisfaction with the results of agreement in both
models was the distance from the interviewee’s residence to the sport fishing area. The results showed that the perception
of improvement in well-being of the communities and structured social organization are crucial for the success of the co-management
strategy. 相似文献
20.
Mahbubul Alam Yasushi Furukawa Kazuhiro Harada 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2010,12(2):147-158
The tropical deciduous forest in Bangladesh provides a substantial part of country’s forest and where the government has introduced
participatory agroforestry landuse. This study examined management issues, financial viability, and environmental as well
as social sustainability of this landuse system. The forest department allocated a plot of size 1.0 ha among the selected
participants where they were allowed to practice agriculture as well as to plant tree species for 10 years. The financial
indicators indicated that the landuse system was profitable and attractive [net present value (NPV) = US$ 17,710 and benefit-cost
ratio (BCR) = 4.12]. It was also viable and suitable from the social and environmental stand points. The study concluded that
under the present environmental and socio-economic scenario, this production system could be the best management tool that
would earn money, stop forest degradation, and finally be a model of sustainable land management in an overpopulated country. 相似文献