环境质量评价中关键污染因子的确定方法

介绍了几种在环境质量评价中关键污染因子的确定方法，在此基础上提出了一种新的关键污染因子的确定方法－－动态污染指数判别法。经过实例运用分析表明，该方法物理意义明确，简便易用。通过对某个时间段内污染物原始监测数据的灰色处理，从动态演变中找出关键因子，客观地判别各污染因子所起的作用，对各因子在下一个时间段的发展趋势作出预测判断，增加了评价的准确性。     

生态质量综合评价的投影寻踪动态聚类方法

依据动态聚类思想，建立了投影寻踪动态聚类模型．并将该方法用于甘肃省生态环境质量综合评价中．与投影寻踪聚类方法相比，投影寻踪动态聚类方法不但可以作出环境质量的综合评价，而且消除了投影寻踪聚类方法中密度窗宽确定的人为因素，把寻优过程和聚类结果有机结合起来，为生态环境质量综合评价的研究开创了一条新途径．     

环境质量评价中属性权重确定的一种方法

阐述了环境质量评价中属性权重的客观性。介绍了属性权重和确定属性权重的客观性方法,并以GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》为依据,对河北省邯郸市1998年环境质量报告中的滏阳河张庄桥断面水质的主要属性进行了属性权重确定。     

论灰色聚类在环境质量评价中的应用

结合评价应用实例，论述了利用灰色聚类进行环境质量评价的可行性。     

灰色模型在确定关键污染因子中的应用

将灰色模型引入水环境质量评价中 ,通过对某个时间段内污染物原始监测数据的灰色处理 ,从动态演变中找出关键因子 ,客观地判定各污染因子所起的作用 ,并对各因子在下一个时间段的发展趋势作出判断 ,增加了评价的准确性。经过实例运用分析表明 ,该方法物理意义明确 ,简便易用     

环境质量综合评价方法的改进

分析了环境质量综合评价方法的不足之处,引入了等级分数矩阵和环境评价值,提出了最小隶属原则,建立了改进的环境质量综合评价模型。     

环境质量评价中若干评价方法的比较

探讨了目前用于环境质量评价的若干方法－－模糊综合评判法,灰色聚类法,灰关联分析方法及改进形式,物元分析方法及改进形式的共点与异点,指出要推求一种适合环境质量评价实际的方法尚有大量工作要做。     

基于环境质量监测的区域环境质量综合评价体系

环境质量的优劣直接关系到人类的生存和发展,如何对某一区域环境质量进行科学的综合评价对环境管理具有重要的理论和现实意义。根据环境质量评价指标的选择原则,以环境质量监测为基础,通过征求专家意见确定了能反映区域环境质量特性的指标及其权重,建立了区域环境质量的综合评价体系。并用此综合评价体系对四川省6个地区的环境质量进行了评价,计算了区域环境质量综合指数,结果表明,该评价体系简单、方便、适用性强且易于操作,为科学地评价和考核区域环境质量提供研究方法。     

环境质量评价的生物方法研究

环境质量的生物评价是以生物对环境污染的表现为基础的.环境质量评价的生物方法包括环境指示生物的选择,环境质量生物评价指标的确定和环境质量分类等3个步骤.论述了环境污染的生物表现,提出了选择环境指示生物的原则,给出了环境质量生物评价的3类指标,建立了环境质量4级分类体系.     

模糊指数聚类在环境质量评价中的应用

文中以环境污染指数为基础，提出了模糊指数聚类法，并将其应用于环境质量评价之中。实例分析表明，该方法模糊性特征明显，评价结果客观、合理。     

广州经济技术开发区西区环境区域影响评价的回顾

目前国内对环境影响评价的回顾评价还较少,本文通过对广州经济技术开发区的西区污染现状的调查与资料收集、现场监测与评估,对广州经济技术开发区的西区环境区域回顾评价进行了探索。     

Canadian insights: The challenges of an integrated environmental assessment framework

The paper draws results from a review of literature to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the integrated environmental assessment framework in Canada with respect to the inclusion of health impact assessment. Insights include the legislative nature, rigid structure and priority for the natural environment that may restrict progress and the pool of government agencies that need to be convinced of the benefits of health impact assessment that may provide a strong structure for compliance in the long term.     

Tiering strategic environmental assessment and project environmental impact assessment in highway planning in São Paulo, Brazil

Constructing highways in dense urban areas is always a challenge. In São Paulo Metropolitan Region, heavy truck traffic contributes to clog streets and expressways alike. As part of the traffic neither originates nor head to the region, a peripheral highway has been proposed to reduce traffic problems. This project, called Rodoanel, is an expressway approximately 175 km long. The fact that the projected south and north sections would cross catchments that supply most of the metropolis water demand was strongly disputed and made the environmental permitting process particularly difficult.The agency in charge commissioned a strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of a revamped project, and called it the Rodoanel Programme. However, the SEA report failed to satisfactorily take account of significant strategic issues. Among these, the highway potential effect of inducing urban sprawl over water protection zones is the most critical issue, as it emerged later as a hurdle to project licensing.Conclusion is that, particularly where no agreed-upon framework for SEA exists, when vertical tiering with downstream project EIA is sought, then a careful scoping of strategic issues is more than necessary. If an agreement on ‘what is strategic’ is not reached and not recognized by influential stakeholders, then the unsettled conflicts will be transferred to project EIA. In such a context, SEA will have added another loop to the usually long road to project approval.     

Integrating environmental impact assessment with master planning: lessons from the US Army

The US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires agencies to consider environmental impacts in the early stages of planning and decision-making. Despite this mandate, agencies typically conduct EIA for projects, rather than for earlier and more strategic decisions, such as plans. This research investigated the extent to which a large federal agency, the US Army, has integrated NEPA analyses with master planning for their installations. Using in-depth case studies of 16 installations, we investigated how and why EIA was (or was not) integrated with planning, and identified the factors that promote or impede integration. Typically, integration has been regarded as concurrence, meaning that the EIA and planning processes are conducted together. Results of this research show, however, that integration can occur, even if the NEPA documents and master plans are not concurrently prepared. In this sense, integration can be viewed as the influence of the EIA process on agency planning and decision-making. Results also indicate that regulations are only one factor, and that several other factors influence the extent of integration, such as agency leadership and organizational incentives. Lessons from this study can help improve both the integration and the substantive implementation of EIA.     

A critical review of building environmental assessment tools

Since the field of environmental assessment tools for buildings is vast, the aim of this study is to clarify that field by analysing and categorising existing tools. The differences between the tools are discussed and the current situation within the tools is critically analysed. However, the comparison of the tools is difficult, if not impossible. For example, the tools are designed for assessing different types of buildings, and they emphasise different phases of the life cycle. In addition to environmental aspects, sustainable building includes economic and social aspects. The shift from green building to sustainable building and the future requirements are challenging for building environmental assessment tools. Furthermore, the benefits of using the tools should be analysed — how the tools and their results have affected decision making?     

Equity-focused health impact assessment: A tool to assist policy makers in addressing health inequalities

In Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) the use of health impact assessment (HIA) as a tool for improved policy development is comparatively new. The public health workforce do not routinely assess the potential health and equity impacts of proposed policies or programs. The Australasian Collaboration for Health Equity Impact Assessment was funded to develop a strategic framework for equity-focused HIA (EFHIA) with the intent of strengthening the ways in which equity is addressed in each step of HIA. The collaboration developed a draft framework for EFHIA that mirrored, but modified the commonly accepted steps of HIA; tested the draft framework in six different health service delivery settings; analysed the feedback about application of the draft EFHIA framework and modified it accordingly. The strategic framework shows promise in providing a systematic process for identifying potential differential health impacts and assessing the extent to which these are avoidable and unfair. This paper presents the EFHIA framework and discusses some of the issues that arose in the case study sites undertaking equity-focused HIA.     

关于区域环境质量的复合模糊距离评价方法及应用探讨

从分析环境质量结构和模糊理论对环境质量构成特征表达的客观性入手,通过用主要因子单要素对模糊距离的复合修订,建立了符合环境质量特征和环境质量评价本质要求的复合模糊距离的评价方法和模型,使评价结果突破以往的定性描述而达到准确定量判定。应用实例表明,该方法具有合理性和适用性,实用价值较高     

Evaluation of a gradient sampling design for environmental impact assessment

Before-After Control Impact (BACI) sampling designsare commonly used in environmental impact assessmentand are considered the most effective for detectingchanges due to anthropogenic disturbances. Thesedesigns handle local spatial variability throughrandomized placement of samples into a treatmentstratum and a control stratum. When a contaminantdisperses with distance from a point source it issuggested that a gradient design will be moresensitive to change than randomized placement ofsamples. This requires allocating samples according todistance, rather than by random placement withinrandomly placed blocks. In this paper gradient versusrandom sampling designs were compared using data froman oil field in the North Sea. The gradient samplingdesign was more powerful than a randomized CI sampling design.