阜康绿洲景观空间格局分析

基于景观生态学理论分析景观空间格局，选用阜康市1999年LANDSAT TM影像，运用ARC／INFO对影像进行目视判读和数字化工作，利用景观统计软件Fragstats For Arcview分别计算一些常用的景观指数，通过运用景观空间理论对景观指数分析，得出阜康绿洲总体景观格局特征。     

淮北市土地利用景观格局变化分析

以1987年和2000年TM影像为数据源,在ENVI 4.4平台下提取淮北市(相山建成区)1987-2000年土地利用/覆盖动态变化信息,利用FRAGSTATS 3.3软件提取研究区的斑块指数、多样性指数、优势度、破碎度、分维度及形状指数等景观格局指标,并进行分析.     

Assessing Impacts of Typhoons and the Chi-Chi Earthquake on Chenyulan Watershed Landscape Pattern in Central Taiwan Using Landscape Metrics

The Chi-Chi earthquake (M_L = 7.3) occurred in the central part of Taiwan on September 21, 1999. After the earthquake, typhoons Xangsane and Toraji produced heavy rainfall that fell across the eastern and central parts of Taiwan on November 2000 and July 2001. This study uses remote sensing data, landscape metrics, multivariate statistical analysis, and spatial autocorrelation to assess how earthquake and typhoons affect landscape patterns. It addresses variations of the Chenyulan watershed in Nantou County, near the earthquake’s epicenter and crossed by Typhoon Toraji. The subsequent disturbances have gradually changed landscape of the Chenyulan watershed. Disturbances of various types, sizes, and intensities, following various tracks, have various effects on the landscape patterns and variations of the Chenyulan watershed. The landscape metrics that are obtained by multivariate statistical analyses showed that the disturbances produced variously fragmented patches, interspersed with other patches and isolated from patches of the same type across the entire Chenyulan watershed. The disturbances also affected the isolation, size, and shape-complexity of patches at the landscape and class levels. The disturbances at the class level more strongly affected spatial variations in the landscape as well as patterns of grasslands and bare land, than variations in the watershed farmland and forest. Moreover, the earthquake with high magnitude was a starter to create these landscape variations in space in the Chenyulan watershed. The cumulative impacts of the disturbances on the watershed landscape pattern had existed, especially landslides and grassland in the study area, but were not always evident in space and time in landscape and other class levels.     

大渡河流域泸定段土地利用景观格局动态研究

对泸定县1994年TM影像和2002年ETM＋影像进行了数字图像处理和解译,得到两个时期的土地利用景观类型图,通过计算相关景观格局指数,定量研究了土地利用景观格局的纵向变化情况。结果表明：1994-2002年间,研究区以林地的变动为主要特征,8年间林地面积增加7590．395hm^2,而草地、耕地和其它土地面积减少,主要是转化为林地,其主要推动力是退耕还林政策的实施,景观破碎化程度增加,多样性和异质性提高,说明整个景观中斑块的分布趋于均匀化。     

聚类分析上海在国内港口城市中的功能定位

根据2009年我国颁布的《关于推进上海加快发展现代服务业和先进制造业建设国际金融中心和国际航运中心的意见》,建设现代服务型国际航运中心是上海的一项重要任务.从港城关系的理论出发,将上海港城经济划分为城市经济和港口经济两个子系统,选取体现城市现代服务业和港口航运产出的16个指标对国内具有代表性的港口城市2010年的经济数据进行聚类分析,结果论证了上海市定位于建成国内首个现代服务型国际航运中心的可行性.     

滇东南峰林峰丛区主要盆地土地利用景观格局及生态环境效应

盆地包括以山地、高原为主的盆边区域和以平原或少量缓坡、丘峰分布为主的盆底区域。云南是个多山的省份,人口主要分布在地势低平的盆地区域尤其是盆底区域,盆地人口密集,是云南省主要的经济文化发展要地和农业生产基地。选取生态意义较明显的景观格局特征指数,对滇东南峰林峰丛区主要盆地土地利用结构及生态环境效应进行分析。结果表明:依据盆地的地理环境特征不同,盆地景观系统可分为平坝区、盆地边缘山麓带和盆地边缘山坡带三种景观亚系统类型,每一种景观系统都有多种景观要素构成,且因所处地貌不同而差异显著。盆地土地利用结构中,耕地景观所占的比例最大,平均值最高,其次是森林、草地和人造地表。八宝、广南、丘北、曰者和珠琳盆地景观优势度指数大,景观破碎度指数小,盆地生态环境质量高。景观格局指数与生态环境之间相关性较大,其中景观类型多样性与生态环境指数呈正相关,景观破碎度与生态环境指数呈负相关,景观格局的空间特征对当地的生态环境影响较大。     

川东平行岭谷区自然景观垂直分异规律及综合分区--以重庆北碚区为例

以重庆市北碚区为代表,论述了川东平行岭谷区自然景观的垂直分异特征,并在此基础上对该区域进行了综合分区,再结合各分区内土地的自然特征采取不同的措施,从而做到因地制宜地发展各项生产.     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市土地利用景观格局分析

以IKONOS卫星遥感影像为基础数据源,在GIS技术的支持下,获取了泸州市区的土地利用类型。借鉴景观生态学的基本原理和方法,基于Fragstats 3.3软件,用景观格局指数定量分析了泸州市区土地利用景观格局的特征。分析结果表明,泸州市区土地利用景观类型丰富,景观多样性程渡高,景观类型均匀程度也较高,但优势景观类型不明显;由于人类干扰程度较大,土地利用景观破碎,稳定性较差。     

基于RS和GIS的赛里木湖流域景观格局动态研究

基于RS和GIS的技术方法,运用景观格局指数对赛里木湖流域近25a来的景观格局变化综合分析。结果表明:1986-2010年,赛里木湖流域疏林地、灌木林地和中覆盖度草地面积增加,有林地、高覆盖度草地面积减小。整体上,景观斑块总数增加,景观破碎化指数、景观类型形状指数和景观多样性指数升高,均匀度指数有所减少。由此可以看出,该区域内由于自然或人为因素干扰所导致的景观斑块类型逐渐变得复杂,景观遭到破坏,土地利用向着多样化和非均匀化的方向发展,景观斑块分布变得很不均匀。     

A Hierarchical Approach to Forest Landscape Pattern Characterization

Landscape spatial patterns have increasingly been considered to be essential for environmental planning and resources management. In this study, we proposed a hierarchical approach for landscape classification and evaluation by characterizing landscape spatial patterns across different hierarchical levels. The case study site is the Red Hills region of northern Florida and southwestern Georgia, well known for its biodiversity, historic resources, and scenic beauty. We used one Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper image to extract land-use/-cover information. Then, we employed principal-component analysis to help identify key class-level landscape metrics for forests at different hierarchical levels, namely, open pine, upland pine, and forest as a whole. We found that the key class-level landscape metrics varied across different hierarchical levels. Compared with forest as a whole, open pine forest is much more fragmented. The landscape metric, such as CONTIG_MN, which measures whether pine patches are contiguous or not, is more important to characterize the spatial pattern of pine forest than to forest as a whole. This suggests that different metric sets should be used to characterize landscape patterns at different hierarchical levels. We further used these key metrics, along with the total class area, to classify and evaluate subwatersheds through cluster analysis. This study demonstrates a promising approach that can be used to integrate spatial patterns and processes for hierarchical forest landscape planning and management.     

伊犁河谷景观格局变化分析

景观生态学是宏观生态研究的一个新的领域.景观动态变化研究,是目前景观生态学中的一个研究热点.基于伊犁河谷2000年、2005年夏季有效时相Landsat TM/ETM 遥感影像资料,综合运用遥感与GIS技术,通过采用分维数,多样性指数,破碎度指数和边界密度等指数,分析了伊犁河谷景观动态变化.研究结果表明:①草地、水域和林地面积大幅度减少,耕地和城乡居民工矿交通用地猛增,城市化进程加快;②伊犁河谷斑块数目增多,景观边缘密度增加,景观破碎度增大,伊犁河谷景观异质性和景观形状的复杂性程度略微提升;③景观基质依然为草地,草地破碎度稍增,草地的多样性和异质性下降;④耕地的斑块数减少而斑块面积增大,破碎化程度降低,耕地的稳定性加强.     

水西景区景观格局及土地利用结构分析

景观格局与土地利用空间结构密切相关.运用景观多样性、优势度、均匀度和破碎度等景观生态学指标,对水西景区景观格局及其用地现状进行了分析.结果表明:水西用地类型多样性较高,以林地占优势,林地破碎度低,森林景观较完整,但空闲地和建筑用地受人类活动干扰大,破碎度高,在一定程度上影响了水西的景观格局.     

基于马尔科夫模型的芜湖市景观格局演变研究

在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下，利用1996年和2003年2个时期的Landsat—TM假彩色合成影像作为信息源，获取芜湖市景观类型的转化数据，并结合国土局的土地详查数据，确定相应的转移概率矩阵，应用马尔科夫过程模拟土地类型景观的动态演变情况和未来演变的趋势。结果表明，随着城市化过程的发展，研究区内各种土地类型不断地向城市用地转化。     

基于RS的合肥市景观格局变化研究

利用两个时期的Landsat TM／ETM遥感影像，结合RS和GIS技术，直接从遥感图像上获得景观格局指数，对安徽省合肥市的景观格局进行了分析。揭示在快速经济发展和不断加快的城市化进程中，合肥市景观形状指数、分形维数和破碎度指数的不同变化趋势。与传统方法相比，该方法具有快速、准确、节省费用、简单易行的特点，有利于对景观格局变化进行动态监测。     

Targeted Application of Seasonal Load Duration Curves Using Multivariate Analysis in Two Watersheds Flowing Into Lake Houston1

Teague, Aarin, Philip B. Bedient, and Birnur Guven, 2011. Targeted Application of Seasonal Load Duration Curves Using Multivariate Analysis in Two Watersheds Flowing Into Lake Houston. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):620‐634. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00529.x Abstract: Water quality is a problem in Lake Houston, the primary source of drinking water for the City of Houston, Texas, due to pollutant loads coming from the influent watersheds, including Spring Creek and Cypress Creek. Statistical analysis of the historic water quality data was developed to understand the source characterization and seasonality of the watershed. Multivariate analysis including principal component, cluster, and discriminant analysis provided a custom seasonal assessment of the watersheds so that loading curves may be targeted for season specific pollutant source characterization. The load duration curves have been analyzed using data collected by the U.S. Geologic Survey with corresponding City of Houston water quality data at the sites to characterize the behavior of the pollutant sources and watersheds. Custom seasons were determined for Spring Creek and Cypress Creek watersheds and pollutant source characterization compared between the seasons and watersheds.     

Bi-Temporal Analysis of Landscape Changes in the Easternmost Mediterranean Deltas Using Binary and Classified Change Information

The aim of this study is (1) to quantify landscape changes in the easternmost Mediterranean deltas using bi-temporal binary change detection approach and (2) to analyze relationships between conservation/management designations and various categories of change that indicate type, degree and severity of human impact. For this purpose, image differencing and ratioing were applied to Landsat TM images of 1984 and 2006. A total of 136 candidate change images including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and principal component analysis (PCA) difference images were tested to understand performance of bi-temporal pre-classification analysis procedures in the Mediterranean delta ecosystems. Results showed that visible image algebra provided high accuracies than did NDVI and PCA differencing. On the other hand, Band 5 differencing had one of the lowest change detection performances. Seven superclasses of change were identified using from/to change categories between the earlier and later dates. These classes were used to understand spatial character of anthropogenic impacts in the study area and derive qualitative and quantitative change information within and outside of the conservation/management areas. Change analysis indicated that natural site and wildlife reserve designations fell short of protecting sand dunes from agricultural expansion in the west. East of the study area, however, was exposed to least human impact owing to the fact that nature conservation status kept human interference at a minimum. Implications of these changes were discussed and solutions were proposed to deal with management problems leading to environmental change.     

基于RS和GIS的西藏芒康县景观空间格局

选择Landsat TM影像和区域1:5万的地形数据及社会经济统计资料为基础数据,运用RS和GIS手段,得出西藏芒康县景观生态的空间格局是以自然景观(有林地、灌木林地和草地)为主.利用地形数据分析3种景观类型空间分布与地形间的关系,得出3种主要自然景观沿海拔高度、坡度、坡向分布的规律,为保护区域生态环境,合理利用自然资源,制定区域景观生态规划和促进区域社会经济可持续发展提供决策支持.     

豫西黄河流域土地利用景观空间格局分析

运用景观生态学原理,借助GIS技术,选取景观指数对豫西黄河流域土地利用景观格局进行分析。结果表明,林地和以旱地为主的农业景观是豫西黄河流域的主体景观类型;各景观类型间斑块密度值差距较大,斑块形状指数差异较明显,总体上较简单;研究区域景观异质性和多样性较高,各景观类型所占比例差异较大,农田和林地占有较大优势。该区域景观破碎化程度较小,特别是西部地区地形起伏较大,人类干扰活动相对较小。