共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 343 毫秒
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本文系统而全面地论述了化学方法在环境污染控制方面的应用,概述了国内外近几年来的应用状况及今后的发展趋势,并针对各种化学治理技术目前存在的问题提出了今后的研究重点。 相似文献
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前言 环境污染主要是由化学物质引起的。为防治污染,需研究化学物质在环境中的化学变化规律和化学治理技术,环境化学就是随着环境问题的出现及环保工作的开展而发展起来的。 1972年以来,我国的环境保护开始受到人们重视,环境化学也随之发展。根据水、 相似文献
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腐殖质及其在环境污染控制中的作用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
腐殖质对于人类与环境,既有利,也有害。本文详细地介绍了腐殖质的分类、结构和性质,并从水处理、天然水污染过程化学、污染物质土地处置等方面阐述了腐殖质在环境污染控制中的作用,同时提出了腐殖质环境效应的研究方向。 相似文献
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十年来,我国的环境污染治理技术有了较大的发展,人们从仅注意少数几种重金属、酚、氰等污染物的单项治理发展到用先进的设备和技术进行综合治理,用物理、化学及生物化学方法治理环境污染已取得较明显的效果.以下分废水、废气治理二部分分别加以介绍. 相似文献
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酵母废水循环利用的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了减少糖蜜酵母废水的排放,减轻环境污染,作者对酵母废水的循环利用进行了研究。研究结果表明,当废水循环使用以后,生产一吨酵母的糖蜜消耗减少了10.81%,一、二级离心分离后废水的排放量减少了76.17%,排放的一、二级分离废不总的生物耗氧量减少了72.88%化学耗氧量减少了62.58%。 相似文献
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减少氮,磷损失,控制其对环境污染的途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文从改进肥料施用技术,改性现有肥料,阻断农田氮磷损失的物理和化学措施,运用生物以及植物生长调节物质等方面这了当前提高氮,磷肥料利用效率,减少氮、磷对环境污染的途径。 相似文献
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蒙脱石矿物是土壤中比表面积大、分布很广的一种粘土矿物,也是土壤中主要的活性组份之一。本文系统地评述了农药分子在蒙脱石层间域中的吸附、脱附、氧化还原、催化降解等反应机理,并指出它们的环境化学行为对环境的影响和意义 相似文献
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Ammonia in the environment: from ancient times to the present 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sutton MA Erisman JW Dentener F Möller D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):583-604
Recent research on atmospheric ammonia has made good progress in quantifying sources/sinks and environmental impacts. This paper reviews the achievements and places them in their historical context. It considers the role of ammonia in the development of agricultural science and air chemistry, showing how these arose out of foundations in 18th century chemistry and medieval alchemy, and then identifies the original environmental sources from which the ancients obtained ammonia. Ammonia is revealed as a compound of key human interest through the centuries, with a central role played by sal ammoniac in alchemy and the emergence of modern science. The review highlights how recent environmental research has emphasized volatilization sources of ammonia. Conversely, the historical records emphasize the role of high-temperature sources, including dung burning, coal burning, naturally burning coal seams and volcanoes. Present estimates of ammonia emissions from these sources are based on few measurements, which should be a future priority. 相似文献
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Giokas DL Siskos PA Karayannis MI 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2001,8(4):289-294
Conclusions The particular characteristics of Greece’s natural environment (extended coastal areas, unique and protected species) and
the indissoluble linkages between economic activities and natural resources, in combination with the worldwide growing concern
for environmental protection, initiated a wide activity on issues related to environmental protection in Greece. Following
the establishment of legislation for environmental protection and preservation, Greece has undertaken significant steps in
research areas related to environmental chemistry, technology, engineering, biotechnology, management and ecology. This continuously
growing research activity is closely followed by an expanding educational framework, which aids to the training of experts
and scientists able to deal with the major (national and trans-boundary) environmental issues of our times.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2000.08.036 相似文献
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有机物的结构──活性定量关系及其在环境化学和环境毒理学中的应用王飞越(北京大学城市与环境学系,北京100871)陈雁飞(武汉大学环境科学系)最近几十年来,有机物结构──活性定量关系研究(QSAR,QuantitativeStructure-Activ... 相似文献
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): state of the science 总被引:93,自引:0,他引:93
The environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are fascinating areas of scientific research. Our objective in this paper is to provide a brief, focussed overview of what constitutes a POP, highlight the harmful effects they may have on biota, make some comments on their environmental sources and analysis, their environmental trends and processes, their movement through foodchains and highlight some important regional-and global-scale environmental transport issues. Finally, we offer some personal thoughts on some current and future areas of scientific enquiry on POPs. 相似文献
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农药优先监测品种的筛选研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对我国目前正在广泛使用的几百个农药品种,从其产量,田间的施用量以及环境毒理学,环境化学,环境生物学的角度进行了系统的研究。在对各种农药进行环境风险性评价的基础上,筛选出目前在我国使用量大,毒性高,环境危害严重的10个农药品种,作为我国近期内应执行的环境优先监测品种。可以认为,若能控制了这些优先监测农药的环境污染,那么,也就在总体上控制了农药的污染问题。 相似文献
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John W. Farrington 《Ambio》2021,50(3):539
Reflections about three influential environmental contaminants papers published in Ambio are presented. The PCB Story by Jensen in (1972) had a very important influence on environmental chemistry. This is captured by way of comments and personal anecdotes. Wania’s and MacKay’s (1993) paper highlights the physical chemistry underlying transport of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides from temperate zone ecosystems to Polar Regions. Their paper exemplifies how principles of chemistry and environmental processes informed understanding the biogeochemical cycles of chemicals of environmental concern (CEC). Mergler et al.’s (2007) paper reviews knowledge of methyl mercury exposure and impacts in humans and served as an example of how to approach exposure and human health concerns for all CECs. All great progress. Then, the question: “How we missed for two decades the importance of plastics in the environment identified in a paper published the same year as The PCB Story? Are we missing yet another important environmental contaminant now? 相似文献