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本文根据沱江源头水源涵养林辽度砍代,导致源头蓄水量锐减,以及滥采乱控矿石,造成资源损失与灾害频繁的严峻现实,提出了建立沱江源头水源保护区的必要性。 相似文献
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本文应用多层次、二型Fuzzy综台评判方法,对祁连山水源涵养林区的青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、灌木林和牧坡草地4个不同植被类型进行了森林水文效应的多因子综合评判。结果表明:青海云杉林是该林区涵养水源效应最佳的林型,祁连圆柏林和灌木林次之,牧坡草地不仅蓄水能力差,且有水土流失发生;并提出了各植被类型合理经营的对策,为祁连山水源涵养林的保护、发展和综合利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本文论述了长江上游是长江流域生态环境危机的关键地区,每年排入的工业污水和生活污水达38亿m~3,水污染十分严重。该地区水源涵养林遭受破坏、水土流失严重、自然灾害频繁、生态环境恶化的形势十分严峻,森林植被的破坏是造成这种危机的主要原因。文章提出了营造上游水源涵养林、控制水土流失、治理工业污染和流域统一管理的防治措施。 相似文献
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伊犁地区林牧区生态系统的保水功能受到畜牧业生产活动的影响已明显下降,尤其是山地天然林资源的生态总体质量和生态功能都同步处于下降趋势。伊犁地区的生态建设重点应放在山地天然林分布区。保护和大力发展山地天然林资源是伊犁地区生态产业发展的核心内容。大力营造山地人工林,是目前条件下保护和发展山地森林资源的最有效手段。每年营造山地人工林不少于0 3×104hm2,才能够基本保持山地森林生态系统在资源总量和生态效能上的稳定,才能够基本维持伊犁地区以往良好的生态形象。建议自治区人民政府继续启动实施天山、阿尔泰山百万亩山林再造工程。 相似文献
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为了对我国公益林涵养水源的价值进行研究与管理,为森林生态补偿提供依据,运用成本替代法对各省市公益林水源涵养效益进行了核算,收集全国各省市的公益林面积、降雨量、蒸散量和地表径流量等数据,建立了各省市公益林水源涵养价值核算模型.结果表明,依据不同因子将各省市划分为4类,所建立的核算模型具有统计学和经济学意义.该研究为我国公益林生态效益补偿标准的制定提供了依据与借鉴. 相似文献
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森林涵养水源研究综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《资源开发与市场》2015,(3)
采用文献分析法,系统概述了森林涵养水源的机理、实物量、价值量和森林蒸发散等。结果表明,学术界针对森林涵养水源价值核算研究主要是以替代工程法为主,包括水资源的其他定价理论。研究方法各有利弊,所适用的程度和范围不一,如何将各种方法有效整合并将其有效应用到实际核算中意义重大。森林涵养水源研究的趋势:一是对森林具有涵养水源功能的研究更加广泛;二是关于森林涵养水源实物量和价值量的研究方法更加科学和贴近现实。 相似文献
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Integrating limnological characteristics of high mountain lakes into the landscape of a natural area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gary L. Larson Andy Wones C. David McIntire Barbara Samora 《Environmental management》1994,18(6):871-888
A general conceptual watershed-lake model of the complex interactions among climatic conditions, watershed location and characteristics,
lake morphology, and fish predation was used to evaluate limnological characteristics of high mountain lakes. Our main hypothesis
was that decreasing elevation in mountainous terrain corresponds to an increase in diversity of watershed size and lake area,
depth, temperature, nutrient concentrations, and productivity. A second hypothesis was that watershed location and aspect
relative to climatic gradients within mountainous terrain influences the limnological characteristics of the lakes. We evaluated
these hypotheses by examining watershed location, aspect and size; lake morphology; water quality; and phytoplankton and zooplankton
community characteristics among high mountain forest and subalpine lakes in Mount Rainier National Park.
Although many of the comparisons between all forest and subalpine lakes were statistically insignificant, the results revealed
trends that were consistent with our hypotheses. The forest lake group included more lakes with larger watersheds, larger
surface areas, greater depths, higher concentrations of nutrients, and higher algal biovolumes than did the group of subalpine
lakes. Deep lakes, which were mostly of the forest lake type, exhibited thermal stratification and relatively high values
of some of the water-quality variables near the lake bottoms. However, the highest near-surface water temperatures and phytoplankton
densities and the taxonomic structures of the phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages were more closely related to geographical
location, which corresponded to a west-east climate gradient in the park, than to lake type. Some crustacean and rotifer taxa,
however, were limited in distribution by lake type.
Fish predation did not appear to play an important role in the structure of the crustacean zooplankton communities at the
genus level with the exception of Mowich Lake, where crustacean taxa were absent from the zooplankton community. This was
the only lake inhabited by a true zooplanktivourous species of fish. 相似文献
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基于能值分析的山区县域经济可持续发展评价——以吉林省抚松县为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取吉林省抚松县为研究区域,采用能值分析方法,从生态安全、经济发展、社会接受方面建立评价指标体系,对吉林省抚松县生态经济系统进行定量和定性评价。研究结果表明:①2005--2009年抚松县生态经济系统能值投入量和能值产出量均呈增加态势,能值投入以本地资源为主,工业产值迅速增加(以林产品为主),而农产品产值持续减少。②抚松县经济发展水平在全国、全省范围内均属于较低水平,工业发展效率很低,居民生活质量不高。③生态环境压力逐年增大,主要原因是自然资源的大规模开发,但是与其他发达地区、我国西部地区相比,抚松县在生态环境承载力方面仍具有相对优势。据此,提出了通过大力发展旅游产业、绿色食品、林产品的深加工等增强系统开放性,深入挖掘优势资源的高价值形态,以达到山区县域经济的可持续发展。 相似文献
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重庆市应用湖库水水源热泵系统条件分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对重庆市气候条件、湖库水水资源状况以及湖库水水温和水质分析,结果显示:重庆地区采用传统空气源热泵系统已不适宜,而采用水源热泵系统具有较高的节能优势。丰富的湖库水水资源量以及重庆市建筑沿湖库水而建特点,为在重庆市开展湖库水水源热泵系统创造便利条件;湖库水水温和水质基本能满足地表水水源热泵系统的水源要求;湖库水藻类易爆发,因此发展湖库水水源热泵主要解决的水质问题是藻类的堵塞问题。 相似文献
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为了充分开发利用和保护张家界的气候资源,我们采用长期定点和短期定位相结合的方法,观测研究了张家界的气候和森林小气候特征。研究证明,张家界具有亚热带湿润季风气候区的山地气候特征,森林小气候舒适宜人,旅游气候资源和农业气候资源丰富,应大力发展旅游业和林业;保护森林植被是保护张家界气候资源的关键。 相似文献
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Arantza Murillas‐Maza Jorge Virto María Carmen Gallastegui Pilar González Javier Fernández‐Macho 《Natural resources forum》2011,35(2):122-133
Valuing goods and services from open oceans provides arguments for the ocean's protection and plays an increasingly important role in debates on the use and management of natural resources. This paper identifies and estimates the monetary value of some of the most important goods and services provided by open oceans. The list of goods and services considered includes food production, raw materials, water supply, CO2 regulation, bioremediation of waste, biomass and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, not only values associated with productive uses are quantified but also values assigned to other biological ecosystem services. This paper constitutes a first attempt in the open ocean literature at evaluating services such as water supply, biomass and biodiversity conservation. To obtain their monetary value, different techniques, some not applied before in this area, have been used depending on the ecosystem service to be evaluated. As a general criterion we use the concept of net value added (revenues obtained from the services less incurred costs). Our methodology is illustrated by estimating the monetary values of goods and services provided by the open ocean ecosystem of Spain as defined by its exclusive economic zone. The total economic value obtained measures the contribution of oceans to overall welfare and it may be an important instrument in managing open ocean ecosystems and developing environmental policies in the future. 相似文献
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合理开发矿产资源,优化资源配置和产品结构,是贫困山区脱贫致富的实现选择,本文以北川县为例,立足市场需求和该县矿产资源,地理,经济等情况,综合分析了有利条件和制约因素,提出了开发北川矿产资源的战略指导思想,目标,重点和主要对策。 相似文献
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昌吉州区域经济开发在新疆地方经济发展中占有重要地位,在发展区域经济时也对生态环境造成了影响或污染,加强生态建设,做好区域环境保护的规划十分必要。昌吉州在石油勘探开发、土地资源开发中重视生态建设,在保护耕地、保护森林、野生动、植物方面制定出台了一系列措施,行至有效,取得了一定的实效。 相似文献
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产品贸易及水权交易使得水资源问题"跨流域化",不再单纯是流域内部管理问题。本文从流域比较视角出发,在区分蓝、绿、灰三种水足迹的基础上,应用水足迹模型,测算了两流域典型地区的水足迹,进行流域水资源问题对比分析,并分析了经济发展模式对流域水资源可持续性的影响。结果发现,杭州市经济用水中灰色水足迹占总量的90%,而张掖市经济用水中绿色水足迹占总量的60.8%,说明钱塘江流域水资源问题在于质,而黑河流域水资源问题在于量;经济发展模式中的产业结构、水资源开发效率、工业化路径等影响流域水资源可持续利用,同时基于GDP导向的流域间的水资源逆向配置,更加剧了流域水资源矛盾。最后根据流域对比结果提出治理措施,从而形成流域间协作的良性循环。 相似文献
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The Central Himalayan region is suffering from severe ecological problems as a consequence of deforestation and that threatens
the subsistence population of the region. We analyze this problem and propose a plan for ecologically sustainable development
for the region based on an analysis of the interrelationships of various ecosystems, particularly cropland and forest ecosystems,
around which most human activities are concentrated. Each energy unit of agronomic yield leads to expenditure of about 12
energy units of forest/grazing land energy. Because with rapidly declining forest area, this form of agriculture is no longer
sustainable and cannot be converted into a fossil fuel-based agriculture, we propose that agriculture in the mountain region
has to be largely replaced with farm forests to revitalize the environment and to generate the basic needs of the subsistence
economy of the hill population whose food grain needs can be met from the plains. We conclude by describing the advantages
that are likely to accrue to the people for their long-term future. In terms of both energy and money, the value of resources
collected from the forest to support agriculture in the present systems far exceeds the value of food grain that would be
required to enable the proposed farm forest-based systems to function. At regional level, the proposed system would generate
more energy than the existing systems, not only because the productivity of forest is about tenfold greater than that of cropland,
but also because the proposed plan promotes recovery of various ecosystems. 相似文献