第十一届中国科协年会第21分会场《环境·生殖·肿瘤与健康风险学术论坛》征文通知（第二轮）

由中国科协与重庆市人民政府共同主办的第十一届中国科协年会将于2009年9月8～11日在重庆市举办,中国科协批准中国环境诱变剂学会设立第21分会场《环境·生殖·肿瘤与健康风险学术论坛》,继续向一线科技工作者征文     

苄·丁可湿性粉剂中丁草胺在稻田土壤和田水中残留动态

采用气相色谱法研究了35％苄·丁可湿性粉剂中丁草胺在2006年和2007年湖北省、广东省2年两地水稻田土壤和水中的残留降解动态和最终残留量。研究结果表明丁草胺在土壤和田水添加回收率分别为82．78％～93．20％和90.31％～93．51％,丁草胺在稻田土壤和田水中降解动态符合一级动力学指数模型,在湖北省和广东省水稻田土壤中的半衰期分别为3．21～3．83d、2．49～3．66d,水稻田水中的半衰期分别为1．20～1．66d、1．13～1．48d。861g（a．i．）·hm^-2和高剂量1292g（a．i．）·hm^-2两个剂量施药后丁草胺在稻田土壤中的最终残留量为0．0010-0．0029mg·kg^-1。     

Ti02光催化降解乙酰甲胺磷

在TiO2悬浮体系中,利用光催化技术消除乙酰甲胺磷（DMAPT）．探索了催化剂用量和目标物浓度对消除速率的影响．结果表明,催化剂的最佳用量为4g·l^-1DMAPT的光催化降解规律符合L_H模型,吸附常数和反应速率参数分别为2mmol^-1·l和0．6mmol·l^-1·min^-1．反应中主要的活性物种为·OH．反应的主要中间产物和矿化产物有O,S-二甲基硫代磷酰胺酯,O,O＇,S-三甲基硫代磷酸酯和磷酸甲酯等．DMAPT的降解从C-N键的断裂开始,随后经过P—N,P-S,P-C键的氧化分解,生成低毒和无毒的中间产物,并随着反应的继续最终达到彻底矿化,最终产物为SO4^2-,NO3^-,PO4^3-和CO2.     

敬告读者·作者

根据《中国学术期刊综合评价数据库（CAJCED）》2007年6500余种统计刊源析出的350余万条中国期刊引文数据及CNKI“中国期刊网”中心网站2007年全年下载记录（3．1亿余篇次）的大样本数据统计分析得到的年度报告数据,本刊计量指标统计结果为：总被引频次1071、影响因子1．168、5年影响因子1．418、即年指标0．098、他引总引比0．96、被引期刊数396、被引半衰期6．2、2007年载文量82、基金论文比0．98、Web即年下载61．2、H指数（CN）15。     

C_4植物甜高粱和玉米幼苗对Zn胁迫的响应差异

实验采用营养液培养法,设置2,50,100,500和1000μmol·L^-1浓度ZnSO4处理,比较C4植物甜高粱（Sorghum bicolor（L．）Moench．）和玉米（Zea mays．L）幼苗对Zn胁迫的响应差异。结果表明,甜高粱对重金属Zn胁迫的敏感性强于玉米,随着Zn处理浓度加大,前者幼苗苗高、根长、单株干物质量、叶绿素含量和根系活力的下降幅度及丙二醛含量的上升幅度皆大于后者,玉米对Zn胁迫的耐受性强于甜高粱。在处理浓度达到500μmol·L^-1之前,甜高粱和玉米体内吸收的Zn随处理浓度加大显著递增,达500μmol·L^-1之后,玉米根系积累的Zn不再明显增加。在处理浓度达到和高于100μmol·L^-1时,甜高粱由根系向地上部转运的Zn显著高于玉米。甜高粱和玉米对zn胁迫的敏感性差异可能缘于它们的吸收和转运差异。     

生态旅游的机遇

对于许多人来说 , 生态旅游是一个 “ 术语 “ . 它是一个经常被误用或误解的词 . 正如这期 < 产业与环境 > 特刊中一些文章的作者所指出的那样 , 对生态旅游的定义仍在发展变化 . 但是 , 生态旅游总的目标应该是为发展旅游业同时把其负面影响降到最小提供一个机遇 . 生态旅 游作为一种可持续旅游手段 , 可以在与当地居民分享经济利益的同时避免环境的恶化 . ……     

丹麦企业利用最有效技术进行废物处理

在<污染综合预防和控制法>的背景下,丹麦一家企业Kommunekemi帮助编写了有关更安全地处理有害废物的最有效技术的欧盟参考文献.几年前Kommunekemi面临着环境影响和职业健康与安全问题.1990年代安装了两个新的圆桶自动卸料系统(一个用于废液,一个用于固体和糊状废物).本文介绍了Kommunekemi公司内部和周围改善环境和安全条件所采用的方法.     

Effects of municipal piers on the growth of juvenile fishes in the Hudson River estuary: a study across a pier edge

The growth rates of two fish species, the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum) (19.3 to 42.6 mm total length, TL) and the tautog Tautogaonitis (Linnaeus) (23.9 to 55.9 mm TL), were used to evaluate habitat quality under and around municipal piers in the Hudson River estuary, USA. Growth rates were measured in a series of 10 d field caging-experiments conducted at two large piers in the summers of 1996 and 1997. Cages (0.64 m²) were deployed along␣transects that stretched from underneath the piers to beyond them, encompassing the pier edge (the transitional zone between the pier interior and the outside). Growth in weight (G _w ) was determined at five locations along the transect, 40 m beneath the pier, 20 m beneath the pier, at the pier edge, 20 m beyond the pier edge, and 40 m beyond. Under piers, mean growth rates of winter flounder and tautogs were negative (xˉG _W = −0.02 d⁻¹), and rates were comparable to laboratory-starved control fishes (xˉG _W = −0.02 d⁻¹). In contrast, mean growth rates at pier edges and in open waters beyond piers were generally positive (xˉG _W ranged from −0.001 to +0.05 d⁻¹), with growth at pier edges often being more variable and less rapid than at open-water sites. Analyses of stomach contents upon retrieval of caged fishes revealed that dry weights of food were generally higher among fishes caged at open-water stations (xˉ range = 0.02 to 0.72 mg dry wt) than at pier-edge (xˉ range = 0.01 to 0.54 mg) or under-pier (xˉ range = 0.03 to 0.11 mg) stations, although it was apparent that benthic prey were available at all stations on the transect. Our results indicate poor feeding conditions among fishes caged under piers, and suboptimal foraging among fishes caged at pier edges. Inadequate growth rates can lead to higher rates of mortality, and, based on these and other earlier experiments, we conclude that under-pier environments are poor-quality habitats for some species of juvenile fishes. Received: 12 March 1998 / Accepted: 9 November 1998     

The amphipod Corophium multisetosum (Corophiidae) in Ria de Aveiro (NW Portugal). II. Abundance, biomass and production

 The abundance and biomass of Corophium multisetosum Stock, 1952 were determined from benthic corer samples collected monthly over 1 yr in the upper reaches of Canal de Mira (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). Both density and biomass over the sampling period were negatively correlated with water temperature and positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration in the sediment. C. multisetosum density was significantly negatively correlated with plant biomass and positively correlated with salinity. The nature of the sediment, favourable environmental conditions, high availability of food and low interspecific competition allowed the population to reach a maximal density of 200 × 10³ individuals m⁻² and a maximal biomass (ash-free dry wt, AFDW) of 62 g_AFDW m⁻². The population was highly productive, especially during the autumn/winter period. Production, estimated by two different methods (Hynes method: 251 g_AFDW m⁻² yr⁻¹; Morin–Bourassa method: 308 g_DW m⁻² yr⁻¹), was much higher than the values reported for other Corophium species. The annual P:Bˉ ratio (10) was high, but similar to values reported for Swedish populations of C. volutator and lower than the values estimated from Mediterranean populations of C. insidiosum. Received: 8 October 1999 / Accepted: 22 June 2000     

Atmospheric mercury emissions from polluted gold mining areas (Venezuela)

Soil, waste rock and mud from mercury-gold amalgamation mining areas of El Callao (Venezuela) are highly enriched in Hg (0.5–500 μg g⁻¹) relative to natural background concentrations (<0.1 μg g⁻¹). Mercury fluxes to the atmosphere from twelve polluted sites of this area were measured in situ (6 a.m. to 8 p.m.) using a Plexiglas flux chamber connected to a portable mercury analyzer (model RA-915+; Lumex, St. Petersburg, Russia). Mercury fluxes ranged between 0.65 and 420.1 μg m⁻² h⁻¹, and the average flux range during the diurnal hours␣was 9.1–239.2 μg m⁻² h⁻¹. These flux values are five orders of magnitude higher than both reported world background Hg fluxes (1–69 ng m⁻² h⁻¹) and the regional values, which are in the range 2–10 ng m⁻² h⁻¹. The flux results obtained in this study are, however, similar to those measured at Hg polluted sites such as chloro-alkali plants or polymetallic ore mining districts (>100,000 ng m⁻² h⁻¹). The results from this study also show that Hg emissions from the soil are influenced by solar radiation, soil temperature and soil Hg concentration. Our data suggest that solar radiation may be the dominant factor affecting Hg° emission since the major species of mercury in polluted soil is Hg° (85–97% of total Hg). The simple release of Hg° vapor is probably the dominant process occurring with incident light in the field. The apparent activation energy for mercury emission indicates that the volatilization of mercury mainly occurred as a result of the vaporization of elemental mercury in soil. The degree of Hg emission differed significantly among the soil sites studied, which may be due to variations in soil texture, organic matter content and soil compaction.     

Mobilization of arsenic in groundwater of Bangladesh: evidence from an incubation study

The extensive extraction of arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwaters for drinking, household and agricultural purposes represents a serious health concern in many districts of Bangladesh. This laboratory-based incubation study investigated the sources and mechanisms of As mobilization in these groundwaters. Several incubation studies were carried out using sediments collected from the Bangladesh aquifer that were supplemented, or not, with different nutrients, followed by an analysis of the sediment suspensions for pH, ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), EC (electrical conductivity) and As and Fe(ΙΙ) concentrations. In the substrate-amended sediment suspensions incubated under anaerobic environment, there was a mobilization of As (maximum: 50–67 μg/l) and Fe(ΙΙ) (maximum: 182 μg/l), while the ORP value decreased immediately and drastically (as much as −468 mV to −560 mV) within 5–6 days. In the sediment suspensions incubated under control and aerobic conditions, no significant As mobilization occurred. The simultaneous mobilization of As and Fe(ΙΙ) from sediments is a strong indication that their mobilization resulted from the reduction of Fe oxyhydroxide by the enhanced activity of indigenous bacteria present in the sediments; this phenomenon also provides insights on the mobilization mechanism of As in groundwater. The concentrations of As in the sediments used in the incubation studies were strongly linked to the gradients of redox potential development that was stimulated by the quantity of organic nutrient (glucose) used. The penetration of surface-derived organic matter into the shallow aquifer may stimulate the activity of microbial communities, thereby leading to a reduction of iron oxyhydroxide and As release.     

纳米Co/Fe脱氯3,3＇,4,4＇-四氯联苯（BZ#77）

用气-质联用仪（GC-MS）监测厌氧条件下溶液中3,3’,4,4’-四氯联苯（BZ#77）被纳米级零价铁、Ni/Fe和Co/Fe双金属脱氯的情况,并尝试了用纳米级Co/Fe脱氯污染沙土中的四氯联苯,GC-MS结果表明：在3,3’,4,4’-四氯联苯浓度为10mg&#183;l-1的乙醇/水体系中,纳米级Fe,Ni/Fe,Co/Fe的脱氯率分别为23.4%,68.6%和74.2%,其中,Co/Fe效果最好.溶液初始pH值为酸性时,纳米Co/Fe完全脱氯溶液中的3,3’,4,4’-四氯联苯可在几小时内实现,而溶液的离子强度对脱氯反应影响不大.对于模拟污染沙土含量为100mg&#183;kg^-1的3,3’,4,4’-四氯联苯,10d后约11%的四氯联苯被纳米Co/Fe脱氯,添加乙醇可使脱氯率增加到25%,但不能完全脱氯.同位素实验证明,纳米Co/Fe脱氯3,3’,4,4’-四氯联苯是逐步进行的,氢取代苯环上的氯,氢原子源自反应介质中的水,最终脱氯产物为联苯.     

麻疯树叶绿体ω3脂肪酸脱饱和酶基因的克隆和鉴定

根据几个已知的植物ω3脂肪酸脱饱和酶基因序列,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从麻疯树中克隆了一条编码叶绿体ω3脂肪酸脱饱和酶的cDNA序列．对该序列的分析表明,该cDNA的编码区长1368bp,编码一个长度为455个氨基酸的蛋白质,推测的蛋白质相对分子质量（Mr）大小为52．1&#215;10^3．同源分析显示,推测的氨基酸序列与其他植物叶绿体脂肪酸脱饱和酶具有很高的相似性．RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在麻疯树叶片中有着稳定的表达．此外,还通过酵母表达系统鉴定了该基因编码的酶的功能．对转基因酵母的脂肪酸组成分析发现,α亚麻酸在转基因酵母中积累．上述结果表明,该麻疯树cDNA编码了一个叶绿体ω3脂肪酸脱饱和酶．图4表2参21     

Echolocation signals of the bat Eptesicus serotinus recorded using a vertical microphone array: effect of flight altitude on searching signals

The acoustic behaviour of Eptesicus serotinus was investigated in the field using a 13.5-m vertical, linear microphone array that allowed for simultaneous recordings at three different heights and for the calculation of flight altitude and distance from the array. Recordings were made at two locations that differed in bat species diversity. E. serotinus hunted on average at an altitude of 10.7 m (±2.7) at one location and 6.8 m (±3.6) at the other location. Search signals were 5–17 ms long depending on flight altitude, and consisted of two to three frequency-modulated harmonics. For bats flying below 8–10 m altitude, signal duration decreased with decreasing flight altitude, whereas signal interval, terminal frequency, peak frequency and frequency range of the first harmonic increased. Above 8–10 m flight altitude, the signal parameters were fairly constant. The –10 dB bandwidth and duty cycle did not change with flight altitude. Source levels were calculated to between 121 and 125 dB peSPL re 20 μPa at 10 cm. For bats flying higher than 9 m, the microphone placed 1.5 m above the ground recorded significantly reduced signal durations and frequency ranges of the first harmonic compared to the same signals recorded with the microphones at heights of 7 or 15 m. We caution the use of ground recordings to fully describe the echolocation signals of high-flying bats. We demonstrate that flight altitude significantly influences the structure of sonar signals from E. serotinus. Received: 17 May 1999 / Received in revised form: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 25 September 1999     

联合国环境规划署产业与环境办事处

产业与环境办事处（IEO）是联合国环境规划署为召集产业界与政府共商环境良性的产业发展大计于1975年设立的。办事处设在巴黎。IEO的目标是:·鼓励环境准则与产业发展计划的结合·促进实施环境保护程序与原则·促进使用安全与“清洁”技术·刺激全世界信息与经验交流     

1990年第1—4期(总第21—24期)总目录(作者后面括弧内圆点前是期数,圆点后是页码)

保护人类生存的环境(一)·…··金鉴明(1·1)保护人类生存的环境(二)……金鉴明(2·1)保护人类生存的环境(三)……金鉴明(3·1)吉林省农村生态系统发展战略研究的 技术路线………钟立文张其书(1·7)上海嘉定工业发展规划的环境经济分析 及预测(二)……周纪纶周伟(1·12)四川开县农业生态环境质量的评价与对策(二) ……………杨居荣王素芬宁大同 薛纪俞马小莹陈飞星(1·16)南京古泉农村生态工程设计和建设的研究 X I.南京古泉生态实验场规划模型 的研究·…………··邹光勇郑龙翔罗卫 吴光 李正方(1·19) XⅡ.厌氧发酵对畜禽粪便中大肠杆…     

联合国环境规划署产业与环境办事处

产业与环境办事处（IEO）是联合国环境规划署为召集产业界与政府共商环境良性的产业发展大计于1975年设立的。办事处设在巴·鼓励环境准则与产业发展计划的结合·促进实施环境保护程序与原则·促进使用安全与“清洁”技术·刺激全世界信息与经验交流 为达到这些目标,IEO为实用情报的利用提供方便,开展以常规跟踪和评价为后援的、合作的就地行动与交流。为了促进情报转让及知识与经验共享,IE0发展了3种辅助手段: