石油及其它有机污染的生物治理法

生物治理法作为治理有机污染物的有效途径已受到国内有关方面的广泛重视。现在跨行业、跨部门的各有关单位人员，从各个不同角度阐述了当今世界石油污染生物治理的现状。其中心是选择使用或培养有强降解能力的微生物进而达到彻底治理污染的目的。使用方法包括微生物法和微生物生态法。生物治理法的优点是：操作简便、处理费用低、效果好、对环境无污染、可以就地处理等。     

法律对防止废气、粉尘和恶臭污染有哪些规定

《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》第四章对防止废气、粉尘和恶臭污染作出了明确规定：①严格限制向大气排放含有毒物质的废气和粉尘,确需排放的,应当经过净化处理,不超过规定的排放标准;②工业生产中产生的可燃性气体应当回收利用,不具备回收利用条件,而向大气排放的,应当进行防治污染处理。向大气排放转炉气、电石气、电炉法黄磷尾气、有机氢类尾气的,须报当地环保部门批准。     

生物滴滤法净化VOCs及恶臭污染物的研究进展

生物滴滤法处理废气中的VOCs及恶臭污染物具有去除效率高、二次污染小、安全性高等优点。总结了生物滴滤反应器的类型和废气中污染物去除效率的影响因素及强化措施,包括工艺参数与填料的选择、传质限制与添加表面活性剂、微生物的影响与筛选高效降解菌株、真菌的使用、剩余污泥堵塞问题和生物滴滤前的预处理。最后提出生物滴滤法去除废气的发展趋势。     

污水处理厂挥发性含硫恶臭物质的测定

对污水处理厂的挥发性含硫恶臭物质进行低温分离和浓缩处理.应用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析方法进行样品中各种无机硫化物、有机硫化物组的定性确认和定量测定。测定结果表明:被测定的样品中含有COS、H_2S、SO_2、CS_2、MM、Et-SH、DMS、DMDS等物质。此项监测可有效地控制、减少和消除恶臭污染。     

城市固体废物生物处理方法及其可行性

生物反应堆是通过强化微生物转化和降解有机废物的能力进行处理固体废物的一种方法。本文分别对好氧生物处理、厌氧生物处理和兼性生物处理的机理、影响因素以及各污染物质的迁移转化规律进行综合分析。研究表明生物反应堆具有明显的社会、环境、经济效益，是实现可持续发展的一条重要途径，为以后的研究和应用提供可靠的理论依据。     

有机污染土壤复合式物化与生物处理装置

由中环循（北京）环境技术中心开发的有机污染土壤复合式物化与生物处理装置,适用于有机污染土壤原位通风修复、有机污染土壤物化与生物修复、有机污染土壤异位通风修复。     

法律对防止废气、粉尘和恶臭污染有哪些规定

《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》第四章对防止废气、粉尘和恶臭污染作了明确规定 :1、严格限制向大气排放含有毒物质的废气和粉尘 ,确需排放的 ,应当经过净化处理 ,不超过规定的排放标准 ;2、工业生产中产生的可燃性气体应当回收利用 ,不具备回收利用条件 ,而向大气排放的 ,应当进行防治污染处理。向大气排放转炉气、电石气、电炉法黄磷尾气、有机氢类尾气的 ,须报当地环保部门批准。因回收利用装置不能正常作业确需排放可燃性气体的 ,应当将排放的可燃性气体充分燃烧或者采取其它减轻大气污染的措施 ;3、炼制石油生产合成氨、煤气和燃煤…     

污染土壤复合式物化与生物处理工艺

有机污染土壤的修复与治理是当前我国城市土地重新开发与利用过程中面临的严峻挑战之一。本文介绍了一套可应于多种类型有机污染土壤修复的装置—污染土壤复合式物化与生物处理装置,阐述了该装置的原理、工艺配置、运行控制以及典型工艺过程等方面。与国内外其它同类土壤修复装置相比,该装置具有适用面广、修复效果良好、修复成本低、不产生二次污染等优点。     

石油污染生物治理现场实例

这里介绍两则石油污染生物治理的现场实例。一则是关于水处理厂的生物治理，强调了即使在环境因素不十分有利的条件下，采用微生物生态法的生物强化措施，就能经济有效地降低污染物的浓度；另一则展示地下水和土壤的生物治理，并详述了生物治理的原理、可行性、扩大试验法、监测项目的确定、试验前后总多环芳烃（PAH）及五氯苯酚（PCP）等的浓度变化等。两则微生物生态法的生物治理均表明：此法既省去了实验室研究，又不需事先查明所用的微生物属性，即可大大加快可行性研究速度，还明显地提高了防治效果。微生物生态法成功的运用进一步说明了：即使不用外加菌种，也能显著提高生物降解有机污染物的速度，进而达到有效治理石油污染的目的。     

城市生活垃圾填埋场恶臭污染与周边限建区划分探讨

随着我国城市垃圾状况和城市建设的变化,填埋场气体问题日益突出。探讨环境影响评价中如何合理确定垃圾填埋场周边建设的控制距离,科学设置垃圾填埋场的防护距离,已成为解决恶臭污染问题的有效途径之一。文章将恶臭污染影响作为限制性因素,提出垃圾填埋场周边限建区的概念,并探讨了划分思路和原则,最后文章从恶臭污染控制因子选取、恶臭污染影响计算模式及参数选取等对恶臭污染防护距离进行了讨论,在此基础上对垃圾填埋场周边限建区的划分方法进行了具体说明。文章探讨的基于垃圾填埋场恶臭污染影响的限建区划分方法,对垃圾填埋场环境影响评价及垃圾填埋场周边建设项目规划具有一定的参考意义。     

Dynamic respiration index as a descriptor of the biological stability of organic wastes

Analytical methods applicable to different organic wastes are needed to establish the extent to which readily biodegradable organic matter has decomposed (i.e., biological stability). The objective of this study was to test a new respirometric method for biological stability determination of organic wastes. Dynamic respiration index (DRI) measurements were performed on 16 organic wastes of different origin, composition, and biological stability degree to validate the test method and result expression, and to propose biological stability limits. In addition, theoretical DRI trends were obtained by using a mathematical model. Each test lasted 96 h in a 148-L-capacity respirometer apparatus, and DRI was monitored every hour. The biological stability was expressed as both single and cumulative DRI values. Results obtained indicated that DRI described biological stability in relation to waste typology and age well, revealing lower-stability waste characterized by a well-pronounced DRI profile (a marked peak was evident) that became practically flat for samples with higher biological stability. Fitting indices showed good model prediction compared with the experimental data, indicating that the method was able to reproduce the aerobic process, providing a reliable indication of the biological stability. The DRI can therefore be proposed as a useful method to measure the biological stability of organic wastes, and DRI values, calculated as a mean of 24 h of the highest microbial activity, of 1000 and 500 mg O(2) kg(-1) volatile solids (VS) h(-1) are proposed to indicate medium (e.g., fresh compost) and high (e.g., mature compost) biological stabilities, respectively.     

Regeneration of spent organoclays after the sorption of organic pollutants: A review

Clay minerals modified with organic ions, also known as organoclays, have found applications in a wide range of organic pollution control fields because of their excellent sorption capacity towards organic pollutants. Regeneration of the spent organoclays after the sorption of organic pollutants is of great importance during their application in pollution control. In this review, the reported methods for the regeneration of the spent organoclays are summarized, including biological degradation, photo-assisted oxidation, chemical extraction/desorption, supercritical extraction, thermal desorption, et al. The characteristics and applications of these methods are briefly described. It shows that most of these methods have been developed for regenerating spent organoclays from wastewater treatment. The biological regeneration method, as an in situ, low cost and easy-operating method, is applicable for regenerating spent organoclays not only from wastewater treatment, but also from soil and groundwater remediation.     

超临界流体技术在化工污染治理中的应用

对于许多化工产品废物,如塑料、有毒物质、生物污泥和有机废水等,利用传统技术进行处理的效果较差。超临界流体(SCF)技术作为一种清洁环境的新技术,可用于治理化工污染物。SCF作为反应介质或反应物可替代有毒、有害有机溶剂;用作萃取剂,它是一种新型的分离技术;以SCF作移动相的色谱,可提高检测灵敏度和分辨率;将超临界水作为氧化剂,可破坏有机污染物的结构。SCF技术的应用可以大大减少环境污染。     

浅析挥发性有机废气治理技术

挥发性有机废气会对环境和人类产生严重危害,已成为我国环境保护工作的重点之一。本文阐述了挥发性有机物的来源及危害,并具体介绍了目前处理挥发性有机物的基本方法,如吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法、燃烧法、生物法等。     

活性炭膜处理工业废水的试验研究

将活性炭膜与常规弹性材料同时作为生物接触氧化处理工艺的填料,分别加装在相同条件的两套接触氧化池中,采用生物接触氧化处理工艺,在同样的条件下处理工业废水,经过对试验数据的对比分析得出:以活性炭膜为填料,处理废水的能力更强,净化效果更好。     

Photocatalytic degradation of organic wastes by electrochemically assisted TiO2 photocatalytic system

Photocatalytic degradation of organic wastes with nanosized titanium dioxide particles has been studied for a long time in order to offer an appropriate method for wastewater treatment, but its practical application is greatly limited by the slow process. In this work, an electrochemically assisted TiO2 photocatalytic system was set-up by combining a TiO2 photocatalytic cell with a three-electrode potentiostatic unit. The composite system revealed high photocatalytic activity towards organic wastes mineralization. After continuous treatment for 0.5 h, the maximum absorption of rhodamine 6G (R-6G) was reduced by more than 90%; chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) of textile dye wastewater (TDW) were decreased by 93.9 and 88.7%, respectively. The biodegradability of TDW was also improved because the COD/BOD5 ratio decreased from 2.1 to 1.2. All these results indicated that the composite system could be used for effective organic wastes mineralization or as a feasible detoxification and color removal pretreatment stage for biological post treatment.     

曝气生物滤池在石化污水处理工程中的应用

曝气生物滤池可以用于石化污水的二段生化处理,是一种运行可靠、自动化程度高、出水水质好和抗冲击能力强的好氧生物处理新工艺。它与活性污泥法工艺相比,对于低基质污水二段生化工况,其有机物容积负荷高,污水停留时间短,其后不须设置二次沉淀池。与普通生物滤池相比,其占地面积小,不宜堵塞。与生物接触氧化方法相比,生物活性较高,处理效果好。曝气生物滤池集曝气池、二次沉淀池和滤池的功能于一身,其出水水质指标可以完全达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

Effect of collection system on mineral content of biowaste

The EU is committed to encourage biological treatments of organic waste as an alternative to landfill and also to enhance organic matter recycling. When these wastes are composted, the composition of the initial raw materials is very important in order to obtain a good quality product. In this article, the mineral composition of the organic fraction obtained from source-sorted collection (SC) and the organic fraction mechanically separated (MS) from mass-collected municipal solid waste was evaluated. Also, the compositions of these 2 raw materials that are used in the current Spanish municipal solid waste biological treatment facilities were compared. The mineral elements analyzed were the total content of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd, and the plant nutrients P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn. The results obtained were expressed on dry matter basis and on mineral matter basis. Important differences were detected between SC and MS samples, on both dry and mineral matter basis. In general, nutrient contents are higher in SC than in MS, and heavy metal contents are significantly lower in SC. Our results also support the idea that the heavy metal migration from the non-compostable materials to the decomposable matrix takes place from the beginning of the process while both types of materials are in contact.     

高含氯采油废水生物治理技术研究

采用SBR活性污泥法,选用从海水、采油废水及长期受原油污染的土壤中筛选的耐盐有机物优势降解菌来处理高含氯采油废水。现场中试试验证明:在氯离子浓度小于10000 mg/L时,用该法可使处理后的高含氯采油废水达标排放。研究表明,解决高含氯采油废水生物治理的前提是驯化具有良好有机物降解性能的耐盐微生物。