天然有机物对零价铁去除水体中砷的影响研究

在研究零价铁对水体中砷去除动力学的基础上,着重探讨了天然有机物腐殖酸对零价铁除砷的影响.并对零价铁的腐蚀产物进行了分析.结果表明,水体中的砷可以通过在零价铁腐蚀产物上的吸附得到快速去除.腐殖酸显著降低了砷的去除率,这归因于腐殖酸与零价铁腐蚀产生的铁离子形成络合物,阻止了Fe(OH)3(或Fe(OH)2)沉淀的产生.腐殖酸浓度越高.砷的去除率越低.1.00 mg腐殖酸最多可以络合约0.75 mg铁离子.当铁离子与腐殖酸的络合达到饱和后,零价铁进一步腐蚀产生的铁离子可形成Fe(OH)3(或Fe(OH)2)沉淀,这些沉淀物可吸附水体中的腐殖酸和砷,从而加速砷的去除.冷冻干燥后的零价铁腐蚀产物的结构以无定型为主,含有少量的结晶化合物,包括γ-Fe2O3、γ-FeO(OH)和Fe3O4等.腐殖酸的存在可进一步增加腐蚀产物中的无定型成分.光电能谱(XPS)分析结果显示,吸附在腐蚀产物上的砷为5价,没有发现5价砷被还原成3价砷.在应用零价铁修复砷污染水体时,应考虑腐殖酸的影响.     

不同铁锰比例天然锰矿的改性及对As(Ⅲ)吸附和氧化的行为与机制

砷污染地下水和废水严重影响人体健康和生态环境,开发新型砷污染水体的修复材料具有重要意义。含铁锰矿来源广,具有较高的砷吸附容量和氧化特性,常用于吸附去除水体砷污染。但是,天然铁锰矿成分复杂,杂质含量多,对砷的吸附容量小,通常需要改性以提高其除砷性能。以不同铁锰含量比例的天然锰矿为材料,研究了水合肼改性法提高天然铁锰矿砷吸附容量的效果,采用批处理法研究了影响改性铁锰矿吸附砷的过程和影响因子,并结合XPS和FTIR等光谱学手段探究改性天然铁锰矿对As(Ⅲ)的去除机制。结果表明,两种不同铁锰比例的改性天然铁锰矿对砷的吸附容量分别为30.9 mg·g^-1和12 mg·g^-1,远高于未改性的材料。改性后的材料对As(Ⅲ)的吸附过程符合二级动力学模型,等温吸附曲线符合Freundlich模型。影响因子结果表明,共存离子PO₄^3-、SiO₃^2-、CO₃^2-对不同铁锰比改性材料去除As(Ⅲ)均有抑制作用。4种材料的pHpzc均小于...     

水体铯污染的生物效应与修复植物筛选

研究铯对水生植物的生物效应,筛选对铯富集能力强的水生植物,能够为水体铯污染的修复治理提供方法依据。设计铯污染浓度为0、0.5、2.5和10 mg/L,9种水生植物,3次重复,研究铯对不同水生植物生物效应(BE)和不同水生植物对铯的吸收和富集情况。结果表明,不同植物对水体铯污染有不同的反应。就增加鲜重而言,绿萍、水花生、轮叶狐狸藻、水蓼、水葱增加鲜重大于对照;眼子菜、水葫芦、水稻增加鲜重小于对照;不同植物的铯含量不同。平均铯含量依次为水花生水蓼水稻水葫芦水葱眼子菜轮叶狐狸藻绿萍,其中水花生为935.12 mg/kg DW,水蓼为825.93 mg/kg DW,水稻为723.38 mg/kg DW;不同植物清除水体铯污染的能力不同。收获时水体铯浓度降低最多至最少的依次是水蓼、水花生、水稻、轮叶狐狸藻、水葱、水葫芦、绿萍和眼子菜。根据生物效应、植物铯含量、水体铯减少情况,水花生、水蓼、水葫芦和水稻可以作为铯污染水体修复植物。     

环境污染与防治 网络版论文摘要

云南省砷超积累植物的初步筛选案例研究戴文娇1刘晓海2宁平1曾向东1贺彬2(1.昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650093;2.云南省环境科学研究院,云南昆明650034)在云南省就几种植物对土壤中砷的富集能力进行了初步研究筛选。分析测定结果发现,蜈蚣蕨的地上部的砷为1900mg     

二段铁盐沉淀深度脱除高浓度含砷废水中的砷

探索高浓度含砷废水中砷的深度脱除方法及脱除机理。采用预氧化-二段铁盐沉淀的方法脱除炼铅烟尘浸出液中的砷,研究影响砷脱除效率的控制条件和因素,砷脱除机理。结果表明,用双氧水氧化原料液中的低价铁和砷,加Fe Cl3调节铁砷比=1,在p H=4~5、T=60~70℃反应60 min,砷的脱除率达到99.95%,XRD分析结果表明,沉淀物为非晶态砷酸铁形态;在二段除砷中,控制铁砷比=5、p H=7~8,除砷后液中的砷含量小于0.014 mg/L,远低于允许的排放限值。采用二段铁盐脱砷工艺可以将高砷溶液中的砷深度脱除。     

底泥修复对城市污染河道水体污染修复的影响研究

为开发城市黑臭河道的有效治理方法,利用人工模拟河道就河道底泥对上覆水体的二次污染、底泥污染生物修复对其氮磷营养盐释放及河道水体污染生物修复的影响进行了研究,并对实验结果进行了工程现场应证。研究结果表明：河道污染底泥生物修复状况对上覆水体水质产生大的影响,在底泥不加修复时,底泥污染物释放使水体COD、TP、NH₃-N浓度分别达到30～35 mg/L、0.4～0.5 mg/L和3.0 mg/L,底泥修复后分别为15～20 mg/L、0.1 mg/L和2.5 mg/L;底泥G值（y）与底泥氮、磷污染物释放量（x）呈负相关关系,关系式分别为：y=0.5124x-0.1394（R₂=0.9222）,y=0.17772x-0.4781（R₂=0.8701）;结合底泥的生物修复,采用曝气增氧投加生物制剂措施对水体进行生物修复时COD、NH₃-N和PO^3-₄的去除率分别提高13.6%、25.0%和15.7%;对古廖涌的现场治理工程表明,在未对河道底泥进行生物修复的情况下,经过氧化塘预处理河道水体增氧-水体原位强化生物修复等措施的治理,河道中、下游水体又逐渐恢复黑臭,在对河道底泥进行修复后,河道污染水体水质得到显著的改善和提高。     

5种铁氧化物去除As(V)性能的比较研究

为了从铁氧化物中筛选得到潜在经济有效的除砷材料,对5种铁氧化物去除As(V)的性能进行了比较研究。吸附实验结果表明,其吸附容量依次为施氏矿物四方纤铁矿水铁矿赤铁矿针铁矿,其吸附过程均符合准二级动力学,约24 h时吸附达到平衡。其中,pH=5时,施氏矿物的吸附容量达到83 mg/g。分别投加500 mg/L和300 mg/L的施氏矿物,可将含砷1.484 mg/L和0.850 mg/L、高TOC含量和高pH特征的模拟配水砷浓度降至0.01 mg/L以下。鉴于施氏矿物良好的吸附除砷性能,进一步通过SEM、FTIR和电位滴定对其表面特性进行了深入研究,结果显示,本研究中制备的施氏矿物存在结构性或表面吸附的SO42-,其(质子)表面位密度约为4.32个/nm2,表面质子化常数pK1为4.60,pK2为-8.98。     

饮用水除砷材料吸附特性及影响因素分析

采用活性氧化铝、零价铁粉和载铁沸石作为吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验,研究3种饮用水除砷材料的吸附特性及影响因素。结果表明,在pH值为6.5,砷浓度为1 mg/L,投加量为2 g/L,25℃恒温的条件下,活性氧化铝、零价铁粉和载铁沸石分别在90 min、150 min和90 min达到吸附平衡状态,均较好符合langmuir等温吸附模型,对砷的最大吸附容量依次为7.3、3.3和3.9 mg/g。pH值和竞争性阴离子对砷的去除均有显著影响。降低溶液pH值能明显提高3种材料的除砷效率;水中磷酸根离子的存在,能够明显降低活性氧化铝和零价铁粉的除砷效率;水中硅酸根离子的存在,能够明显降低零价铁粉和载铁沸石的除砷效率。     

聚合氯化铝铁去除微污染水体中藻类的研究

以聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)为絮凝剂,H2O2为预氧化剂,用正交实验研究了PAFC处理微污染水体中藻类和降低浊度,得出正交实验中各因素的主次关系及对除藻和除浊度的影响,研究表明,ρPAFC是影响除藻和除浊度的重要因素.在最佳处理条件,即ρPAFC为20 mg/L,ρH2O2为6 mg/L,pH为7,搅拌时间为4 min,能使水体中藻细胞街度从9.4×107 cells/L降至3.16×106 cells/L,除藻率为96.6%,浊度降至0.70 NTU,除浊度率达93.0%.     

李氏禾人工湿地净化Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的性能研究简

利用湿生铬超富集植物李氏禾构建的三段式波形潜流式人工湿地,研究了湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的净化效果。结果显示,李氏禾湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的净化效果明显好于无植物的对照。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为2.50 mg/L时,李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度显著低于对照,说明李氏禾在湿地系统净化Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体中发挥了重要的作用。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度超标150倍（7.50 mg/L）时,李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度仍可达到国家地表水环境质量标准（0.05 mg/L）,表明李氏禾湿地系统具有很强的Cr（Ⅵ）污染净化能力。沿程Cr（Ⅵ）浓度的变化显示,湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效率随水流方向逐渐降低,Cr（Ⅵ）主要在湿地系统的前两个阶段被去除。     

Arsenic species and leachability in the fronds of the hyperaccumulator Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.)

Arsenic speciation is important not only for understanding the mechanisms of arsenic accumulation and detoxification by hyperaccumulators, but also for designing disposal options of arsenic-rich biomass. The primary objective of this research was to understand the speciation and leachability of arsenic in the fronds of Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.), an arsenic hyperaccumulator, with an emphasis on the implications for arsenic-rich biomass disposal. Chinese brake was grown for 18 weeks in a soil spiked with 50 mg As kg(-1) as arsenate (AsO4(3-)), arsenite (AsO3(3-)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), or methylarsonic acid (MMA). Plant samples were extracted with methanol/water (1:1) and arsenic speciation was performed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The impacts of air-drying on arsenic species and leachability in the fronds were examined in the laboratory. After 18 weeks, water-soluble arsenic in soil was mainly present as arsenate with little detectable organic species or arsenite regardless of arsenic species added to the soil. However, arsenic in the fronds was primarily present as inorganic arsenite with an average of 94%. Arsenite re-oxidation occurred in the old fronds and the excised dried tissues. Arsenic species in the fronds were slightly influenced by arsenic forms added to the soil. Air-drying of the fronds resulted in leaching of substantial amounts of arsenic. These findings can be of significance when looking at disposal options of arsenic-rich biomass from the point of view of secondary contamination.     

Accumulation of arsenic in tissues of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) and its distribution in fractions of rice grain

A study was conducted to investigate the accumulation and distribution of arsenic in different fractions of rice grain (Oryza sativa L.) collected from arsenic affected area of Bangladesh. The agricultural soil of study area has become highly contaminated with arsenic due to the excessive use of arsenic-rich underground water (0.070+/-0.006 mg l(-1), n=6) for irrigation. Arsenic content in tissues of rice plant and in fractions of rice grain of two widely cultivated rice varieties, namely BRRI dhan28 and BRRI hybrid dhan1, were determined. Regardless of rice varieties, arsenic content was about 28- and 75-folds higher in root than that of shoot and raw rice grain, respectively. In fractions of parboiled and non-parboiled rice grain of both varieties, the order of arsenic concentrations was; rice hull>bran-polish>brown rice>raw rice>polish rice. Arsenic content was higher in non-parboiled rice grain than that of parboiled rice. Arsenic concentrations in parboiled and non-parboiled brown rice of BRRI dhan28 were 0.8+/-0.1 and 0.5+/-0.0 mg kg(-1) dry weight, respectively while those of BRRI hybrid dhan1 were 0.8+/-0.2 and 0.6+/-0.2 mg kg(-1) dry weight, respectively. However, parboiled and non-parboiled polish rice grain of BRRI dhan28 contained 0.4+/-0.0 and 0.3+/-0.1 mg kg(-1) dry weight of arsenic, respectively while those of BRRI hybrid dhan1 contained 0.43+/-0.01 and 0.5+/-0.0 mg kg(-1) dry weight, respectively. Both polish and brown rice are readily cooked for human consumption. The concentration of arsenic found in the present study is much lower than the permissible limit in rice (1.0 mg kg(-1)) according to WHO recommendation. Thus, rice grown in soils of Bangladesh contaminated with arsenic of 14.5+/-0.1 mg kg(-1) could be considered safe for human consumption.     

氧化-混凝法处理碱性高砷废水的实验研究

对碱性高砷废水的处理进行了研究 ,针对常规混凝法除砷的缺点提出了氧化 混凝工艺。结果表明 ,用氧化 混凝工艺除砷效果显著 ,废水经处理后砷含量低于 0 5mg/L ,符合国家排放标准。氧化 混凝除砷的最佳工艺条件为 :pH值为 6— 7,H2 O2 用量为 2 5 % ,氧化时间为 10min ,Fe2 (SO4) 3 用量为 2 5g/L ,PAM用量为 11 2 5mg/L。     

Variations of arsenic species content in edible Boletus badius growing at polluted sites over four years

The content of arsenic (As) in mushrooms can vary depending on the concentration level of this metalloid in the soil/substrate. The present study evaluated the content of arsenic in Boletus badius fruiting bodies collected from polluted and non-polluted sites in relation to the content of this element in overgrown substrate. It was found that mushrooms from the arsenic-polluted sites contained mean concentrations from 49 to 450 mg As kg^?1 dry matter (d.m.), with the greatest content found for specimens growing in close proximity of sludge deposits (490±20 mg As kg^?1d.m.). The mean content of total arsenic in mushrooms from clean sites ranged from 0.03 to 0.37 mg kg^?1 It was found that B. badius could tolerate arsenic in soil substrate at concentrations of up to 2500 mg kg^?1, at least. In different years of investigation, shifts in particular arsenic forms, as well as a general increase in the accumulation of organic arsenic content, were observed. The results of this study clearly indicate that B. badius should not be collected for culinary purposes from any sites that may be affected by pollution.     

Inorganic arsenic levels in baby rice are of concern

Inorganic arsenic is a chronic exposure carcinogen. Analysis of UK baby rice revealed a median inorganic arsenic content (n = 17) of 0.11 mg/kg. By plotting inorganic arsenic against total arsenic, it was found that inorganic concentrations increased linearly up to 0.25 mg/kg total arsenic, then plateaued at 0.16 mg/kg at higher total arsenic concentrations. Inorganic arsenic intake by babies (4-12 months) was considered with respect to current dietary ingestion regulations. It was found that 35% of the baby rice samples analysed would be illegal for sale in China which has regulatory limit of 0.15 mg/kg inorganic arsenic. EU and US food regulations on arsenic are non-existent. When baby inorganic arsenic intake from rice was considered, median consumption (expressed as μg/kg/d) was higher than drinking water maximum exposures predicted for adults in these regions when water intake was expressed on a bodyweight basis.     

高原地区铬渣污染场地污染特性研究

在我国高原地区某铬渣污染场地进行钻孔取样,分析场地工程地质特性,对场地铬的污染状况及空间分布特征进行研究。结果表明:场地地质结构较单一,地下水丰富,土质的渗透性强,渗透系数在1.78×10-3~0.243 cm/s之间;场地铬污染严重,总铬与六价铬的浓度最大值分别为22 485.6 mg/kg和7 495.2 mg/kg,地下水中六价铬的浓度最大值为107.2 mg/L;通过剖面铬浓度分析:铬在纵向上浓度分布受土壤质地的影响,均呈现表层4 m浓度较高,4 m以下浓度较低且变化较小的规律。由Kriging插值法绘的铬浓度分布等值线图可清晰看出场地表层土表现出向沟谷位置迁移趋势,地下水中残留的铬向地下水流场方向迁移。     

Pteris multifida Poir., a new arsenic hyperaccumulator: characteristics and potential

This paper reports a new arsenic hyperaccumulator, Pteris multifida Poir, a fern that grows widely in the southeast of China. The results show that the average arsenic content in the fronds was 1144.78 mg/kg, with a highest value of 2061 mg/kg. The average arsenic content in the roots was 692.7 mg/kg, and the average bioconcentration factor was 1.2, with a highest value of 1.78. The average translocation factor was 1.77, with a highest value of 3.13. The arsenic content in fronds was significantly correlated with the pH and the phosphorus available in the soil, but less correlated with the arsenic concentration in the soil. P.multifida Poir might accumulate the maximum arsenic in fronds when the soil-available phosphorus was 55 mg/kg and the soil pH was 8.34.     

Acid sulphate soil disturbance and metals in groundwater: implications for human exposure through home grown produce

A significant emerging environmental problem is the disturbance and oxidation of soils with high levels of iron sulphide minerals resulting in acidification and causing the mobilization of metals into groundwater. This process is occurring in many parts of the world. In Western Australia, impacted groundwater is extracted by residents for domestic use. We sought to establish domestic use patterns of bore water and the concentration of metals. Sixty-seven domestic bore water samples clearly indicated oxidation of sulphidic materials with heavy metal concentrations ranging for aluminium (相似文献   

Arsenic species and chemistry in groundwater of southeast Michigan

Groundwater samples, taken from 73 wells in 10 counties of southeast Michigan in 1997 had arsenic concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 278 microg/L the average being 29 microg/l. About 12% of these wells had arsenic concentrations that exceeded the current USEPA's maximum contaminant level of 50 microg/l. Most (53-98%) of the arsenic detected was arsenite [As(III)] and other observations supported the arsenic species distribution (low redox potential and DO). In shallow groundwater (< 15 m), arsenic concentrations are low likely due to the formation of insoluble ferrosoferric hydroxide complex. In deep groundwater (> 15 m), the concentration of arsenic is possibly controlled by reductive dissolution of arsenic-rich iron hydroxide/oxyhydroxide and dissolution of arsenic sulfide minerals.     

Interactions between earthworms and arsenic in the soil environment: a review

Chemical pollution of the environment has become a major source of concern. In particular, many studies have investigated the impact of pollution on biota in the environment. Studies on metalliferous contaminated mine spoil wastes have shown that some soil organisms have the capability to become resistant to metal/metalloid toxicity. Earthworms are known to inhabit arsenic-rich metalliferous soils and, due to their intimate contact with the soil, in both the solid and aqueous phases, are likely to accumulate contaminants present in mine spoil. Earthworms that inhabit metalliferous contaminated soils must have developed mechanisms of resistance to the toxins found in these soils. The mechanisms of resistance are not fully understood; they may involve physiological adaptation (acclimation) or be genetic. This review discusses the relationships between earthworms and arsenic-rich mine spoil wastes, looking critically at resistance and possible mechanisms of resistance, in relation to soil edaphic factors and possible trophic transfer routes.