食品安全,我们还要走多远

近几年来.毒米、毒面、毒油几乎年年"东窗事发",加上"三鹿奶粉事件",闹得国内市场人心惶惶,与此同时.中国农产品、食品的出口也因卫生问题,而出现了一些被出口国退货现象……     

生命之源离枯竭还有多远

水,是生命之源。然而．一些地方在“拼资源换增长”的错误发展观的指导下．水荒．正一步步向我们逼来,目前全国669个城市中有400多个供水不足．在32个百万人口以上的特大城市中．有30个长期受缺水问题困扰。与此同时,全国甩水量持续增长,如果不采取有力措施,我国相当一部分地医可能在未来会出现严重的水危机。     

发展未有穷期,我们仍需努力

2010年各项工作取得的新成绩为“十一五”收官划上了圆满的句号,防震减灾工作呈现统筹发展、快速推进的良好局面。站在“十二五”新的历史起点,总结回顾“十一五”的工作十分必要。     

Matching Food Security Analysis to Context: the Experience of the Somalia Food Security Assessment Unit

This case study reviews the experience of the Somalia Food Security Assessment Unit (FSAU) of operating a food security information system in the context of a complex emergency¹ In particular, it explores the linkages between selected features of the protracted crisis environment in Somalia and conceptual and operational aspects of food security information work. The paper specifically examines the implications of context characteristics for the establishment and operations of the FSAU field monitoring component and for the interface with information users and their diverse information needs. It also analyses the scope for linking food security and nutrition analysis and looks at the role of conflict and gender analysis in food security assessment work. Background data on the food security situation in Somalia and an overview of some key features of the FSAU set the scene for the case study. The paper is targeted at those involved in designing, operating and funding food security information activities.     

Development of a Computer Workstation for Famine Early Warning and Food Security

Beginning in 1990, the University of Arizona, Arizona Remote Sensing Center (ARSC) has been involved in a collaborative effort with the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS) and the Remote Sensing Center of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in designing and developing an integrated computer workstation for famine early warning. The goal of the project is to provide food security analysts with a set of computer tools to manage a very large and diverse set of data for predicting the onset of food security emergencies for every country on Earth. The initial stage of the project involved the conceptual definition of system elements and the development of overall system architecture. We are now developing an open, flexible, and portable system designed to significantly assist the work of the analysts. System architecture provides a task-specific and user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) within a Windows environment that will link image processing, geographic information system (GIS), spreadsheet, text, and graphics software packages into a single operational environment. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is serving as the back-end of the workstation to facilitate data storage and retrieval and as a means to preserve analysis methodologies.     

Developing Decentralized Capacity for Disaster Prevention: Lessons from Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring in Malawi

Lack of sufficient analytical capacity in most of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa has been frequently mentioned as a major factor limiting the effectiveness of drought management interventions. In this article we describe an approach used in Malawi for the past three years to develop a decentralized capacity to analyse drought management and disaster prevention programmes. A conceptual framework is presented which identifies the areas in which capacity strengthening is required and lessons from the Malawi experience are presented. Various issues relating to the efficiency of capacity building programmes are discussed. We argue that continuous dialogue between development researchers and decision-makers, and between trainers in academic institutions and donor agencies, is essential for achieving the goals of improved capacity for drought management and disaster prevention.     

From Relief to Development: Food for Work in Bangladesh

The National Food-assisted Works Programme for Water and Land Development in Bangladesh which began as a relief operation in 1975, was designed to evolve gradually into a development-oriented programme. This complex and largely successful transition offers a study in change of relevance to the current debate on the relief–development continuum. What emerges from a review of the Bangladesh experience is that the transition from relief to development is as complex as it is desirable, and that while there is a 'continuum of sorts if it can be reached, getting there has lately become more arduous.'     

世界粮食日纪念币

2004年10月16日是“联合国粮农组织”确定的第24个“世界粮食日”。     

社区公共安全的思考

在经济建设、科技文化、城市建设高速发展的今天．“人们在享受幸福生活的同时,比过去任何时候都愈加热爱和珍视生命”。而由于人为及自然因素以及两者叠加造成的灾害事故,使城市的可持续发展功能受到严重的威胁．城市公共安全问题面临空前的挑战。     

Thought for Food: Suggestions for a systematised approach to emergency food distribution operations

The following paper is a synopsis of a longer report, under the same name, aimed at the people responsible for implementing relief food operations. The report attempts to fill a perceived need for a manual covering the organisation of relief operations from planning to evaluation stages. Following the initial planning phase, the distribution of relief food can be viewed as a logistics operation sandwiched between two phases of data acquisition - one before the distribution of relief to targetted destinations, and the other after the distribution, to assess its efficacy and to identify problems.     

怎样避免体育锻炼中的意外伤害

近年来在体育锻炼中由于各种因素造成的意外伤害时有发生,给体育教育带来了一定的负面影响,也因此人们在体育锻炼过程中的安全问题一直被关注,应该说“禁止锻炼”决非上策。那么,人们在进行体育锻炼时应如何避免意外伤害事故的发生?     

岁月流过我们依然记得 --1976年唐山大地震重建拾零

唐山地震,惊天动地。岁月匆匆流过,蓦然回首,依稀感到那场对于地球的巨大震撼……一1976年7月28日,是我们永远也无法忘记的日子。那场将唐山夷为废墟的巨灾,让我们整整冷静地思考了30年。毫无疑问,我们还将长久严肃地思考下去。     

如何识别地震谣言科学应对地震

2010年4月份以来,网络上流传着关于陕西兴平市、江苏南京市等多个地区的地震谣传,谣传中发生地震的地点不同,但是主要内容基本相同,都是据美国宇航局、美国国家地震台网预测:中国某地几级大地震于2010年几月几日几点降临,震中为某某地……一系列地震谣言,引起了当地群众的恐慌,扰乱了生产和生活秩序,给人民正常生活带来影响。为此我们采访了中国地震台网中心副主任、研究员张晓东,请他谈谈如何识别地震谣言科学应对地震。     

泥石流灾害频发京郊农居迁建

因涉及泥石流、滑坡、地裂缝等地质灾害,或因位于地下水源核心区、高压走廊保护区内．316个行政村的1062个农居点将在近期迁建,涉及面积87．2平方公里。据统计：北京共有300多万农村人口．行政村将近4000个。零散农村居民点近13000个左右,分布在16400平方公里的山区和平原,而分布在山区的约有5500个居民点。村庄格局的形成有历史及经济上的原因,     

爪哇海上体验防海盗

告别了美丽、宁静的弗里曼特尔港，“雪龙”号向着新加坡方向驶去。在印度洋上航行，风平浪静。虽然海面上气温很高，湿度也大，但有了现代化的中央空调，房间里很舒适。     

站台"一米安全线"的由来

无论乘坐火车还是地铁,人们在站台上候车的时候,都习惯于站在一条"安全线"之外,它离站台的边缘有1米的距离(离钢轨外侧3米)。这条用醒目颜色标出的线非同一般,它告诫乘客:在列车通过车站或进出车站尚未停稳时,千万别越过这条"线",否则极有可能发生人身伤亡事故。     

对如何做好地质灾害详细调查工作的探讨

以陕西省神木县1:50 000地质灾害详查调查工作为例,认为在地质灾害详细调查项目设计、外业调查、数据库建设、成果编制、文档汇交5个阶段中,控制好每个工作过程的具体细节,即围绕各个阶段做到"十八个好"(开好一个座谈会、编好一个设计书、开好多次培训会、核好一套遥感点、填好多套调查表、绘好多幅手清图、探讨好专题论述、写好多个镇总结、自互抽检好成果、汇总好两套表格、建好一个数据库、生成好多个图表、比选好一个模型、绘制好多幅附图、整理好多个附件、编写好主要报告、汇交好原始资料、完成好电子文档),是大幅度提高详细调查外业成果精度、科学提升室内综合研究水平、达到成果资料有效共享的重要技术经验与工作方法。将详细调查确定的地质灾害隐患点和群测群防网络系统移交地方政府使用,切实可行地指导地方政府的防灾减灾工作,是详细调查成果应用的集中体现和工作目的。     

中心城市如何组建地震应急救援分队

厦门市在中国地震局指导帮助下,于2001年11月在厦门公安消防支队和市政有关联动单位组建了地震应急救援分队。经过两年来的建设和针对性训练,现已基本具备地震应急救援能力。实践证明,在中心城市组建地震应急救援分队是十分必要的。组建地震应急分队,主要应做好以下五个方面的工作。     

Proliferating Principles; Or How to Sup with the Devil without Getting Eaten

The international humanitarian system is seen by many to be in crisis. The reasons for this are complex but include the perception held by many that there is an increasing ambivalence on the part of powerful states to invest military, political and financial resources in upholding humanitarian principles, and a growing feeling that much humanitarian action both ignores human rights issues and can prolong conflict. As a result, much attention has focused on the notion of 'humanitarian principles' and there has been a proliferation of statements and initiatives on this topic in recent years.