二氧化硫体内衍生物诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的效应

通过微核试验证明，给小鼠腹腔注射ＳＯ２体内衍生物－亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠混合液可诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核形成，导致微核细胞率显著升高，且呈明显的剂量效应关系。从整体水平证明了ＳＯ２是染色体断裂剂和基因毒性因子。     

工业铁屑(零价铁)还原硝基苯影响因素研究

通过静态试验,研究了初始硝基苯浓度、零价铁含量和pH值对零价铁还原硝基苯的影响.结果表明,在pH值为7,硝基苯初始浓度为311.25mg/L条件下,零价铁含量分别是100、50和25g/L时,硝基苯的降解速率常数分别是-0.02991、-0.0165和-0.00783min-1,零价铁含量越大硝基苯的降解速率越大;在pH值为7,零价铁含量为50g/L条件下,硝基苯的初始浓度分别是127.5,311.25,467.01mg/L时,硝基苯的降解速率常数分别是-0.01532、-0.01235和-0.00891min-1;在硝基苯初始浓度为311.5mg/L,零价铁含量为50g/L条件下,pH值为2.94时,硝基苯的降解速率最大,pH值为7其次,pH值为11.89时的降解速率最小,酸性环境利于零价铁还原硝基苯的进行.由此可见,硝基苯浓初始浓度、零价铁含量和pH值对硝基苯的还原具有重大影响.     

Biphasic reduction model for predicting the impacts of dye-bath constituents on the reduction of tris-azo dye Direct Green-1 by zero valent iron (Fe)

Influence of common dye-bath additives, namely sodium chloride, ammonium sulphate, urea, acetic acid and citric acid, on the reductive decolouration of Direct Green 1 dye in the presence of Fe⁰ was investigated. Organic acids improved dye reduction by augmenting Fe⁰ corrosion, with acetic acid performing better than citric acid. NaCl enhanced the reduction rate by its ‘salting out’ effect on the bulk solution and by Cl⁻ anion-mediated pitting corrosion of iron surface. (NH₄)₂SO₄ induced ‘salting out’ effect accompanied by enhanced iron corrosion by SO₄^2 − anion and buffering effect of NH₄⁺ improved the reduction rates. However, at 2 g/L (NH₄)₂SO₄ concentration, complexating of SO₄^2 − with iron oxides decreased Fe⁰ reactivity. Urea severely compromised the reduction reaction, onus to its chaotropic and ‘salting in’ effect in solution, and due to it masking the Fe⁰ surface. Decolouration obeyed biphasic reduction kinetics (R² > 0.993 in all the cases) exhibiting an initial rapid phase, when more than 95% dye reduction was observed, preceding a tedious phase. Maximum rapid phase reduction rate of 0.955/min was observed at pH 2 in the co-presence of all dye-bath constituents. The developed biphasic model reckoned the influence of each dye-bath additive on decolouration and simulated well with the experimental data obtained at pH 2.     

不同基因型水稻吸镉差异及其与根表铁氧化物胶膜的关系

采用琼脂培养方法，模拟铁在不同基因型水稻根表的氧化与淀积，研究了不央水稻吸镉的差异及其有表铁氧化物胶膜的关系，结果表明不同水稻基因型其根表淀积换的氧化物数量存在显著性差异，根表富集的镉量及根部，地上部合镉量均存在显著性差差，且镉在不同水稻植株体内转移运输能力不同；不同水稻基因型根膜中的含铁量与根表铁氧化物富集的镉量、根部的含镉量、地上部的含量存在显著性年线相关。     

Effect of Fe（Ⅲ） on the bromate reduction by humic substances in aqueous solution

Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the man-ix of bromate and Fe（Ⅲ） solutions and the role of Fe（Ⅲ） in this redox process. The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） and reduced bromate abiotically. The addition of Fe（Ⅲ） could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes. Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid, in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe（Ⅲ） to form Fe（Ⅱ）, and the regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） donate the electrons to bromate. The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes is pH dependent. The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit. The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River, indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.     

环糊精对Fe(Ⅲ)引发双酚A光降解的影响

环糊精口α-CD、β-CD和γ-CD能分别与双酚A形成1:1主-客体包结物.在250W金属卤化物灯(λ≥365 nm)光照下,研究了在Fe(Ⅲ)-OH配合物体系中,不同环糊精对双酚A光降解的影响.结果表明,β-CD能较大地促进双酚A的光降解,α-CD次之,而γ-CD对双酚A的光降解存在一定的抑制;并且CDs浓度的变化对双酚A光降解的初始速率有明显的影响.双酚A光降解的初始速率随着β-CD和α-CD浓度增大而增加,当β-CD=60μmol/L时达到最大,然后随着浓度增大而降低,而BPA的光降解初始速率随γ-CD浓度的增加总的趋势是减小的.通过计算机软件Gaussian98,采用PM3方法模拟了环糊精与双酚A的包结行为,进一步说明3种环糊精与双酚A形成主-客体包结物对光降解的影响.     

Comparison of the effects of aluminum and iron(III) salts on ultrafiltration membrane biofouling in drinking water treatment

Coagulation plays an important role in alleviating membrane fouling, and a noticeable problem is the development of microorganisms after long-time operation, which gradually secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). To date, few studies have paid attention to the behavior of microorganisms in drinking water treatment with ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Herein, the membrane biofouling was investigated with different aluminum and iron salts. We found that Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O performed better in reducing membrane fouling due to the slower growth rate of microorganisms. In comparison to Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O, more EPS were induced with Fe₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O, both in the membrane tank and the sludge on the cake layer. We also found that bacteria were the major microorganisms, of which the concentration was much higher than those of fungi and archaea. Further analyses showed that Proteobacteria was dominant in bacterial communities, which caused severe membrane fouling by forming a biofilm, especially for Fe₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O. Additionally, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were relatively higher in the presence of Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O, resulting in less severe biofouling by effectively degrading the protein and polysaccharide in EPS. As a result, in terms of microorganism behaviors, Al-based salts should be given preference as coagulants during actual operations.     

水动力条件对龙须菜N吸收的影响

通过在室外0.5t的玻璃缸桶内对不同放养密度的龙须菜进行流水和静水的氮吸收比较养殖试验,发现龙须菜可以同时吸收介质中的铵态氮和硝态氮;静水导致水体中的pH值升高,最大的上升了1单位以上;龙须菜的吸收造成介质中营养盐的减少,在试验开始3h后,静水组的高放养密度处理中出现氮吸收抑制现象;采用流水方式,水流速度在(160～175)L·h-1范围,养殖介质的条件相对稳定,藻体所吸收的氮量也较多,流水组的2kg和4kg处理分别比静水相应处理多吸收N为5.80、10.25(16∶00)和7.64、11.59mg(18∶00),分别比静水条件增加24、31和18、27%。     

零价铁激活过硫酸盐降解水中铬黑T特性

采用零价铁/过硫酸盐（Fe⁰/PS）高级氧化工艺降解水中有机染料铬黑T（EBT）,考察了不同体系（PS、Fe⁰、Fe⁰/PS）、PS与Fe⁰物质的量之比、无机阴离子（NO₃^-,CO₃^2-,Cl^-）、溶液初始pH值、温度以及天然有机物对EBT降解的影响.结果表明,Fe⁰/PS工艺降解EBT符合准一级反应动力学模型（R²>0.87）;和Fe⁰以及单独PS处理EBT相比,Fe⁰/PS能够高效降解水中的EBT,20min时EBT的去除率高达96.21%.PS/Fe⁰降解EBT的最佳物质的量之比为1：1.5.溶液中存在的NO₃^-,CO₃^2-以及天然有机物均对EBT降解有不同程度的抑制作用.EBT的降解速率随溶液初始pH值的增加逐渐减小.随着温度的增加,EBT降解速率满足先增加后减小的规律,其反应活化能（Ea）为43.98kJ/mol.EBT在实际水体中的去除率仍能够保持较高的水平.使用GC-MS识别出10种中间产物,并据此提出反应路径.ECOSAR模型分析表明EBT降解产物中小分子有机物的生态毒性高于其大分子有机物.     

铁-草酸盐配合物光分解降解对硝基苯酚的研究

研究了铁(Ⅲ)-草酸盐配合物在可见光及太阳光照射下,对对硝基苯酚的光解降解作用。结果表明,在pH=4.0、Fe(Ⅲ)/H_2C_2O_4=0.080mmol/L/0.96mmol/L(分4次加入)、光照4h的条件下,20mg/L对硝基苯酚的降解率为89％。溶液pH值,铁与草酸盐浓度比和对硝基苯酚浓度均对降解效果产生影响。     

络合吸收脱除NO体系中FeⅢ(EDTA)的生物还原

利用驯化得到的微生物还原Fe^Ⅲ(EDTA)的研究结果表明,葡萄糖比乙醇和甲醇更适合于作为该体系的碳源;由于硝酸盐在反应过程中对Fe^Ⅲ(EDTA)的微生物还原形成抑制,选择铵盐为微生物生长的氮源;反应最适pH值范围为6~7;温度在30℃~40℃范围之间变化,Fe^Ⅲ(EDTA)还原率相差不大,温度大于40℃以后,还原率随温度升高而下降.碳源量和菌体接种量满足还原反应需要即可,过量碳源或菌体接种量对还原率没有明显的促进作用.在实验考察的浓度范围内,FeⅢ(EDTA)的生物还原符合1级反应动力学,最大反应速率γ_max=1.3 mmol·(L·h)^-1,半饱和速率常数k_m=53.5 mmol·L^-1.     

甲醛对小鼠造血调控相关转录因子在mRNA水平表达的影响

为了研究甲醛污染毒性的分子机制,探究了气态甲醛暴露对小鼠造血调控相关转录因子在mRNA水平表达产生的影响.实验将18只雄性Balb/C小鼠随机分为3组,每组6只,采用仿真式口鼻吸入方法暴露于不同浓度(0.5 mg·m-3和3.0 mg·m-3)的气态甲醛环境中,每天8 h,为期2周.染毒结束后,分别进行血细胞分析和RT-PCR测定小鼠骨髓相关髓系转录因子、红系和巨核系转录因子、淋巴系转录因子在mRNA水平的表达量.结果发现,与对照组相比,相关转录因子C/EBPα、SCL、GATA-2、c-myb、GATA-1及淋巴系转录因子在mRNA水平表达量随甲醛浓度的升高受到不同程度的影响,部分具有统计学差异(p0.05).其中,转录因子C/EBPα、SCL及GATA-2在mRNA水平表达量随甲醛浓度的升高而降低,而转录因子c-myb、GATA-1及淋巴系转录因子Ikzf5、PAX5在mRNA水平表达量随甲醛浓度的升高而升高.研究表明,高浓度甲醛暴露会影响小鼠骨髓造血调控相关转录因子的正常表达.     

载铁(Ⅲ)-配位体交换棉纤维吸附剂去除饮用水中砷(Ⅴ)的研究

通过动态实验。研究了高砷饮用水的不同进水流速和不同砷(Ⅴ)浓度对新型载铁(Ⅲ)-配位体交换棉纤维吸附剂IFe(Ⅲ）-LECCAI去除砷（Ⅴ）的效果。当1mg／L高砷饮用水．在2．8mL／min的流速下。通过内装Fe(Ⅲ）-LECCA6.3mL、径高比为1：11的吸附柱时，饮用水出水砷浓度符合世界卫生组织(WHO)规定饮水砷标准(0．01mg／L)．流出饮用水的穿透体积为2．4L．饱和点的工作吸附容量高达73．63mg／g。出水中有关各项水质指标均符合我国生活饮用未卫生标准(GB5749-85)。     

改性生物炭负载nZVI对土壤Cr(VI)的修复差异研究

考察了生物炭(BC)、酸洗生物炭(HCl-BC)和纳米零价铁负载生物炭(n ZVI-HCl-BC)对土壤中Cr(VI)还原和总Cr形态转化的影响.结果表明,生物炭对Cr(VI)还原率随土壤含水率的升高而显著提高.在较高土壤含水率(70%)条件下,各生物炭对Cr(VI)的最高还原率排序为:HCl-BC(97.26%)n ZVI-HCl-BC(88.36%)BC(87.61%).在不同Cr(VI)污染水平下(150、300、600和900 mg·kg~(-1)),HCl-BC对土壤中Cr(VI)的还原率最高.随Cr(VI)含量升高,BC和HCl-BC对Cr(VI)的还原率呈降低趋势,而n ZVI-HCl-BC对Cr(VI)的还原率为先降低后升高.形态分析表明,生物炭在不同程度上增加了土壤中Cr残渣态的比例:n ZVI-HCl-BC(11.58%)HCl-BC(9.53%)BC(1.42%),表明生物炭对土壤Cr起到稳定作用.综上,改性生物炭显著促进Cr(VI)还原及总Cr向残渣态转化,表明其具有修复Cr污染土壤的潜力.     

SO2污染对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的诱发作用

在SO2吸入慢性染毒条件下,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）的微核细胞率与微核率均显著增加,且雌雄差异显著。结果也表明,SO2对阳性致突变剂乌拉坦航发微核的作用有显著抑制效应。本研究模拟SO2空气污染,从整体水平直接证实了SO2是哺乳类细胞染色体断裂剂、SO2与阳性致突变剂的联合作用是复杂的结论。     

不同铁营养状况下根系特征及蒸腾对黄瓜幼苗吸收镉的影响

采用营养液培养方法,研究了不同铁营养状况下的根系形态变化及蒸腾作用对不同品种黄瓜幼苗吸收镉的影响.结果表明,不加铁处理对地上部生物量的影响大于对根系的影响,并且不同品种间生物量差异显著.不加铁处理和低水平铁处理时,黄瓜根长变长、根表面积变大.与不加铁处理相比,加铁处理显著抑制了黄瓜根系对镉的吸收,中农5号(缺铁敏感黄瓜品种)和津春4号(缺铁不敏感黄瓜品种)每克根对镉的吸收量分别降低了25.5%~45.5%和28.8%~55.0%;但却增加了镉向地上部的转运,镉在叶中的分配系数分别增加了2.2~3.6倍(中农5号)和2.6~3.7倍(津春4号).缺铁敏感的中农5号吸镉总量与根长、根表面积都呈显著正相关性,而缺铁不敏感的津春4号吸镉总量与根长、根表面积之间的关系不显著.不管是中农5号还是津春4号,其蒸腾速率与每克根吸收镉的量均呈显著的正相关关系.不同铁营养状况影响了黄瓜幼苗的根系形态和蒸腾速率,从而影响了根系对镉的吸收,高铁水平显著抑制了黄瓜根系对镉的吸收.