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为明确多指标评价体系下泸沽湖水质综合现状,达到分区重点治理的目的。调查共采集泸沽湖28个点位水样。采用主成分分析法和层次聚类分析法对8个水质参数进行分析,并将6种基于类间距的层次聚类结果与综合营养状态指数法评价结果进行比较。结果表明:亮海大部分区域为Ⅱ类水质,而草海沿线水质逐步恶化至V类。采用欧式距离下最长距离法可获得与实际相符的最优聚类结果,该结果表明各点位水质依据不同污染程度可依次聚为5类。分区治理应重点关注类5和类4所代表的中度和轻度富营养化水域。本实验采用的分析方法可直观反映出各点位污染程度与相互关系,对多指标参与计算情况下的水质综合评价有很好的参考价值。 相似文献
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本文通过对四川省自然灾害分布规律的系统分析,提出其区划的原则和要求,并引入模糊聚类的方法,对四川省自然灾害进行分区划片,目的是为区域规划提供减灾的重点方向。 相似文献
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国内外生态功能区划理论研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《资源开发与市场》2016,(2)
生态功能区划是生态系统科学管理与持续利用的基础,通过区划能加深对生态系统的了解,有效减少管理的复杂性。对区域生态功能进行甄别,合理划分生态功能区,并按不同功能合理管理资源,已成为协调区域经济发展与生态保护的重要途径。通过分析生态功能区划的概念、内涵和方法的发展,比较国内外分区框架体系的差异和应用,对生态功能区划的未来发展进行初步探讨,提出今后需关注的三个方面:1系统开展流域水生态功能区划研究,促进水环境问题由水质管理向水生态管理转变;2加深对生态功能区划应用方面的研究;3对生态功能区划的使用者或潜在使用者进行额外教育,以一种高效的方法把区划结果用于生态系统管理、保护规划。 相似文献
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《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2017,(2)
以河北省62个扶贫开发重点县为研究区域,分析了国家和河北省生态扶贫相关的政策,并利用Arc GIS对河北省土地利用类型、自然保护区分布状况、生态功能重要区、生态脆弱性以及生物多样性优先区等要素进行聚类分析,按照研究区域生态环境特点和贫困现状将贫困区域划分为生态移民、生态工程、生态旅游、生态产业和生态种植五类,分别叙述了五类区域的分区状况和生态扶贫方向。 相似文献
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旅游资源评价与分析是对旅游资源进行有效保护和合理开发的前提。从目前我国旅游资源评价工作来看,模糊评价法是较先进的方法。长春市旅游资源的优势体现在生态旅游、殖民遗迹旅游、影视文化旅游、汽车工业旅游、冰雪旅游等方面。采用单体总量、储量、储量丰度、优良级单体数量、优良级单体储量、优良级单体品质等6个指标,运用模糊聚类方法对长春市旅游资源进行了定量评价,其评价结果是比较客观和科学的。根据研究结果并结合长春市的实际情况,提出了长春市旅游资源开发的相关策略。 相似文献
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成都龙泉山地区建设用地生态适宜性评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着景观格局与生态过程之间的关系日益受到重视,传统的评价方法已经不能满足生态适宜性评价的发展需要。本文以成都市龙泉山地区为例,从景观类型、生态功能、生态价值、土壤侵蚀敏感性和地质灾害敏感性5个方面建立评价指标体系,分别采用最小累积阻力模型和模糊综合评判法描述水平生态过程和垂直生态过程下的生态适宜性,综合两种评价结果进行建设用地的生态适宜性评价。研究结果表明,模型机理的差异使评价结果有着很大的区别,两种方法的综合应用可以有效弥补彼此的不足,本文将研究区的生态适宜性评价结果划分为禁止开发区、严格限建区、一般限建区、重点开发区和优化开发区5个分区,各区的面积分别为259.70km^2、793.89km2、1220.35km2、739.68km2和490.42km2。以往的生态适宜性评价方法往往单一地考虑水平或者垂直生态过程,本文构建的这种综合水平和垂直生态过程的评价方法为生态适宜性评价的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。 相似文献
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Fuzzy adaptive management of social and ecological carrying capacities for protected areas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Commonly used methods of evaluating the degree of consistency of protected area ecosystems with social and ecological carrying capacities are likely to result in decision errors. This occurs because such methods do not account for imprecision and uncertainty in inferring the degree of ecosystem consistency from an observed ecosystem indicator. This paper proposes a fuzzy adaptive management approach to determine whether a protected area ecosystem is consistent with ecological and social carrying capacities and, if not, to identify management actions that are most likely to achieve consistency when there is uncertainty about the current degree of consistency and how alternative management actions are likely to influence that consistency. The proposed approach is illustrated using a hypothetical example that uses an ecosystem indicator that reflects combinations of different levels of user satisfaction and conservation of threatened and endangered species. Application of the proposed fuzzy adaptive management approach requires a protected area manager to: (1) identify alternative management actions for achieving ecosystem consistency with social and ecological carrying capacities in each of several management zones in a protected area; (2) randomly assign alternative management actions to management zones; (3) define fuzzy sets for the ecosystem indicator and degree of ecosystem consistency, and fuzzy relations between the ecosystem indicator and the degree of ecosystem consistency; (4) monitor the indicator in each management zone; (5) define fuzzy sets based on the observed indicator in each management zone; and (6) combine the fuzzy sets defined on the observed indicator and the fuzzy relations between the indicator and the degree of ecosystem consistency to reach conclusions about the most likely degree of consistency for alternative management actions in each management zone. The fuzzy adaptive management approach proposed here is advantageous when the benefits of avoiding the decision errors inherent with crisp and stochastic decision rules outweigh the added cost of implementing the approach. 相似文献
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土地利用/土地覆盖是生态环境系统的组成部分,它的变化是区域生态环境演变的直接反映和结果,它是区域生态环境演变的一个重要因素。运用RS/GIS技术,采用土地利用类型覆盖率作为评价因子,参考国际和国内各省的土地利用类型覆盖率制定评价标准,对伊犁河谷生态环境进行模糊综合评价。得出伊犁河谷生态环境质量属"优"的面积覆盖率占伊犁河谷总面积的73.2%;生态环境质量为"良"的县市面积覆盖率占伊犁河谷的26.3%。伊犁河谷生态环境总体较好,局部较差。伊犁河谷各县市的耕地面积覆盖率、建设用地覆盖率和草地面积覆盖率是各县市生态环境状况差异的主要原因。该方法与其他方法比较,所得的评价结果比较一致,结论符合实际状况,且有计算简便快捷等优点,方法可行,具有一定的可靠性和理论价值。 相似文献
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湖南省土地资源生态安全评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于P—S—R(压力一状态一响应)模型从土地资源生态安全的压力子系统、状态子系统、响应子系统三方面构建了湖南省土地生态安全评价指标体系,结合各评价指标的安全指数对2000--2008年湖南省土地资源生态安全状况进行了评价,分析了影响湖南省土地资源生态安全的限制因素。结果表明:①2000-2008年湖南省综合生态安全状况不容乐观,其生态安全等级多年来一直处于“临界安全”。②人口密度大、人均GDP低和不合理的化肥农药施用是湖南省土地资源压力子系统的主要限制因素,耕地面积少和农田水利设施差是状态子系统的主要限制因素,工业固体废弃物综合利用率偏低和教育卫生事业发展滞后是响应子系统的主要限制因素,据此提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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Fuzzy decision analysis for integrated environmental vulnerability assessment of the mid-Atlantic Region 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Tran LT Knight CG O'Neill RV Smith ER Riitters KH Wickham J 《Environmental management》2002,29(6):845-859
A fuzzy decision analysis method for integrating ecological indicators was developed. This was a combination of a fuzzy ranking
method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method was capable of ranking ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions
and suggesting cumulative impacts across a large region. Using data on land cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution,
and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, we were able to point out areas that were in relatively poor condition and/or vulnerable
to future deterioration. The method offered an easy and comprehensive way to combine the strengths of fuzzy set theory and
the AHP for ecological assessment. Furthermore, the suggested method can serve as a building block for the evaluation of environmental
policies. 相似文献
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Liem T. Tran C. Gregory Knight Robert V. O'Neill Elizabeth R. Smith Kurt H. Riitters James Wickham 《Environmental management》2001,29(6):845-859
A fuzzy decision analysis method for integrating ecological indicators was developed. This was a combination of a fuzzy ranking method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method was capable of ranking ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions and suggesting cumulative impacts across a large region. Using data on land cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, we were able to point out areas that were in relatively poor condition and/or vulnerable to future deterioration. The method offered an easy and comprehensive way to combine the strengths of fuzzy set theory and the AHP for ecological assessment. Furthermore, the suggested method can serve as a building block for the evaluation of environmental policies. 相似文献