两种富营养化水体对植物生长及光合荧光特性的影响

采用水培方法,研究水芹（Oenanthe javanica）、美人蕉（Canna indica）、菖蒲（Acorus calamus）在两种富营养化水体中生长、部分光合荧光特性的变化,结果表明：（1）营养盐对水芹、美人蕉株高、根长有显著影响,2种植物在低营养盐水体（L）中株高、根长增长率显著低于高营养盐水体（H）,生物量亦表现为L组〈H组,而菖蒲在2种水体中株高、根长,生物量等无显著差异（p〈0.05）;（2）水芹、美人蕉叶片的叶绿素a（Chla）,叶绿素b（Chlb）在L组中含量低,在H组中含量高,w（Chla）/w（Chlb）则随营养盐浓度的升高而降低。菖蒲叶片Chla,Chlb,Car、w（Chla）/w（Chlb）在两实验水体中无显著差异;（3）水芹、美人蕉叶片的Fv/Fm,Yield,qP,re,t,max值及其饱和光强随营养盐浓度的降低而显著降低,qN值变化趋势正好相反,表明在低营养盐水体中,两种植物光系统II（PS II）光能转换效率显著下降,且PS II将吸收过剩的能量通过热耗散的形式释放,以保护自身组织免受过剩光的损害,体现了两种植物在营养盐缺失下的自我保护机制,而菖蒲叶片Fv/Fm,Yield,qP,qN以及快速光响应曲线在L组、H组中均显著差异（p〉0.05）,表明在本文设定的营养盐浓度范围内,菖蒲叶片的光合作用能力未受到显著影响。     

施肥与设施栽培措施对土壤微生物区系的影响

微生物肥料的施用能显著增加土壤中放线菌的数量，而降低细菌和霉菌的数量；施用有机肥对土壤微生物有较大的影响，其中，有机肥与无机肥，有机肥与生物肥配合施用的影响尤为明显，与对照相比，土壤中细菌数量分别增加109．8％和405．0％，放线菌数量分别增加320．3％和215．0％，而真菌数量分别降低44．0％和47．2％。大棚栽培条件下土壤微生物数量高于露地；在大棚中，种植年限长的土壤微生物数量低于种植年限短的。     

铝对土壤微生物区系组成的影响

通过大豆盆栽试验,研究了金属铝对土壤微生物区系组成的影响。结果表明,当铝质量分数<1.1 g/kg时,土壤细菌、放线菌的数量随着铝质量分数的增加而增加;当铝质量分数>1.1 g/kg时,土壤细菌、放线菌的数量随着铝质量分数的增加而减少。铝对丝状真菌的生长具有明显的促进作用。在低质量分数下,铝对土壤氨化细菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌具有一定的刺激作用;当质量分数>1.1 g/kg时,则表现为抑制作用,最大抑制率分别达48%、96%和95%;土壤硝化细菌、反硝化细菌可以作为铝污染土壤生态环境的指示菌。自生固氮菌的数量随铝质量分数的升高而逐渐下降。铝对土壤微生物区系产生抑制作用的临界质量分数在1.3 g/kg左右。     

Effects of of V,Cr single and combined stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedling

采用水培法研究了V（Ⅴ）、Cr（Ⅵ）单一及复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.结果表明,无论单一或复合胁迫,随着V、Cr浓度的增加,小麦幼苗鲜重、株高、叶绿素含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势.当V≤5 mg.L-1、Cr≤10 mg.L-1,小麦的鲜重、株高、叶绿素含量均高于对照,当V〉5 mg.L-1、Cr〉10 mg.L-1,则分别比对照降低0.2%—46.8%、0.8%—40.7%和2.5%—76.9%.丙二醛含量随着V、Cr胁迫浓度的增加而增大,与对照相比,含量增加了7.5%—251.6%.在V、Cr单一胁迫下,随着金属浓度增加细胞膜透性增大,比对照增加17.8%—59.8%,根系活力则下降8.1%—53.0%;复合胁迫时细胞膜透性先下降后上升,但始终高于对照,比对照增加了0.6%—126.2%;根系活力呈先升高后下降的趋势,降低6.1%—97.3%.研究表明在低浓度范围,复合胁迫在一定程度上可以缓解单一金属对小麦的毒害,对小麦幼苗生长具有拮抗作用;在高浓度范围两种金属复合胁迫对小麦幼苗的损伤和毒害作用比单一金属伤害更为严重,表现为协同作用.单一胁迫中Cr对小麦幼苗的毒性比V大.     

外源激素对遮荫草坪草生长及生理特性的影响

以耐荫性不同的冷季型草坪草匍匐紫羊茅派尼(Festuca rubra Pernille)、草地早熟禾肯塔基(Poa pratensis Kentucky)、匍匐翦股颖摄政王(Agrosttssp Regent)为试验材料,在遮荫胁迫条件下研究不同浓度的外源激素稀效唑(Uniconazole,S3307)和表油菜素内酯(24-Epibrassinolide,EBR)对3种草坪草耐荫性的影响.结果表明:经过稀效唑和表油菜素内酯的处理,3种草坪草植株株高变低,叶片变厚、变宽,叶片相对含水量降低,叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含星增高,不同耐荫性草坪草的耐荫能力得到显著提高,稀效唑最适的浓度处理范围是100～200mg·L-1,表油菜素内酯0.05mg·L-1处理效果最好.这在生产实际中有重要指导作用,特别对提高受遮荫胁迫的草坪质量具有重要意义.     

融雪剂对大叶黄杨生长和生理特性的影响

为了研究融雪剂对道路绿化植物的影响,以大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus Thunb)为研究材料,研究了其在3种融雪剂(JLR-01、LBR-4、芦笛一号)不同施用量影响下的生长量和生理特性。结果表明:随着融雪剂LBR-4和芦笛一号的施用量的增大,大叶黄杨叶片的相对生长量和株高相对生长量、光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(WUE)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)随之减小,而低施用量的融雪剂JLR-01对大叶黄杨生长量、Pn、WUE和Tr有促进作用。随着融雪剂作用时间的延长,3种融雪剂的Pn和WUE也随之减小,Tr则是先减小后有所增大。当融雪剂施用量较小和胁迫时间较短时,Pn下降是因为气孔关闭;而当施用量较大和胁迫时间较长时,Pn下降是因为叶肉同化能力下降;3种融雪剂对大叶黄杨的胁迫程度由大到小的次序为:芦笛一号>LBR-4>JLR-01;大叶黄杨对3种融雪剂施用量的忍耐阈值在80 g.m-2左右,大叶黄杨对施用LBR-4和芦笛一号的耐受时间阈值大约为3周,对施用JLR-01的耐受时间阈值为3周以上。     

融雪剂对大叶黄杨生长和生理特性的影响

为了研究融雪剂对道路绿化植物的影响,以大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus Thunb）为研究材料,研究了其在3种融雪剂（JLR-01、LBR-4、芦笛一号）不同施用量影响下的生长量和生理特性。结果表明：随着融雪剂LBR-4和芦笛一号的施用量的增大,大叶黄杨叶片的相对生长量和株高相对生长量、光合速率（Pn）、水分利用效率（WUE）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）随之减小,而低施用量的融雪剂JLR-01对大叶黄杨生长量、Pn、WUE和Tr有促进作用。随着融雪剂作用时间的延长,3种融雪剂的Pn和WUE也随之减小,Tr则是先减小后有所增大。当融雪剂施用量较小和胁迫时间较短时,Pn下降是因为气孔关闭;而当施用量较大和胁迫时间较长时,Pn下降是因为叶肉同化能力下降;3种融雪剂对大叶黄杨的胁迫程度由大到小的次序为：芦笛一号〉LBR-4〉JLR-01;大叶黄杨对3种融雪剂施用量的忍耐阈值在80 g.m-2左右,大叶黄杨对施用LBR-4和芦笛一号的耐受时间阈值大约为3周,对施用JLR-01的耐受时间阈值为3周以上。     

Zn2+对藻类生物膜生长生理特性影响研究

利用自制的简易生物膜反应器,在3500 lx的光照和14∶10的光暗比下,以Zn2+为模式重金属,利用模拟氮磷废水驯化培养鞘藻（Oedogonium sp.）使其形成藻类生物膜,研究不同Zn2+浓度对鞘藻形成的藻类生物膜生长及生理特性的影响。综合考虑藻类对Zn2+的耐受范围,选定模拟氮磷废水中Zn2+5个质量浓度水平：1.0、3.0、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg·L-1,定时从反应器中取一定量的藻类生物膜,测定以下生理生化指标：叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、硝酸盐还原酶（NR）、蛋白质及胞外多聚糖,并以藻细胞干质量为基准。研究结果表明：藻类生物膜对Zn2+有一定的耐受性,且质量浓度为5 mg·L-1的Zn2+对藻类生物膜的生长有明显的促进作用,但当质量浓度增大至20 mg·L-1时,藻体大量死亡,藻类生物膜生长明显受到抑制。Zn2+质量浓度为3 mg·L-1的实验组对鞘藻的叶绿素含量有明显的促进作用,而当Zn2+质量浓度为20 mg·L-1时,鞘藻内的叶绿素含量明显减少。不同Zn2+质量浓度对鞘藻的生理生化指标也表现出不同的作用,其中SOD含量随着Zn2+质量浓度的升高明显受到抑制;10 mg·L-1的Zn2+对NR有明显的促进作用;各实验组蛋白质含量在实验初期均有增加,但随之又均有降低;在实验前2 d,20 mg·L-1的Zn2+对胞外多聚糖有明显的促进作用,其含量为对照的1.4倍。以上现象均表明藻类生物膜在重金属的作用下其生长代谢会发生一定的变化,使藻类生物膜能够在一定重金属浓度范围内较好地生长,为藻类生物膜的进一步利用奠定理论基础。     

镨对镉胁迫下水稻幼苗根系生长和根系形态的影响

为了解稀土镨对镉胁迫下水稻（OryzasativaL．）根系毒害的缓解效应,以水稻幼苗为实验材料,采用溶液培养方法,研究了50μmol·L-1镉胁迫下不同浓度镨对水稻幼苗根系鲜质量、形态和根系活力的影响。结果表明,50μmol·L-1镉胁迫下,水稻根系生长受到明显的抑制,根系鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积和根系活力明显降低,且随镉处理时间的延长,抑制程度加重。但镉对根系平均直径无明显影响。23—184μmol·L-1的镨对水稻镉毒害有一定的缓解效果,可不同程度的减轻镉对幼苗的伤害,促进了镉胁迫下根系鲜质量、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积的增加,提高了根系活力,且随着处理时间的延长,缓解效应愈加明显,与单镉毒害相比,镨处理5天后根系鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积和根系活力分别提高了0．92％～14．8％、1．61％～16．3％、2．57％～20．3％、1．52％-17．2％和3．71％～32．8％,处理10d后根系鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积和根系活力分别提高了2．55％-31．2％、1．44％～21．4％、1．78％～27．2％、2．16％～23．4％和8．14％～52．9％;此外,23．184μmol·L-1的镨处理对直径≤1．0mm的根长和根表面积、直径0．5mm〈D≤1．0mm的根体积影响较大,其分别提高了0．9％～24．3％、1．9％。32．6％、0．4％～33．2％,其中以92μmol·L-1镨缓解效果最好。但随着镨浓度的进一步加大,当镨浓度达到230μmol·L-1时,反而会使水稻根系受到更严重的毒害。     

镧对镉胁迫下水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

选择10mg·L-1La(N03)3作为生物调控因子,通过营养液培养实验,研究了水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗在遭受镉胁迫(50mg·L-1和100mg·L-1两种CdCl2处理)后,稀土元素镧对抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)活性、脂质过氧化产物MDA含量、质膜透性、叶绿素质量分数、根系活力、幼苗生长及镉质量分数等生理生长指标的影响,以探讨稀土在重金属胁迫下对作物的防护效应。研究结果表明:水稻幼苗遭受镉胁迫的初期,镧对提高SOD和CAT的活性,降低MDA含量和质膜透性,提高叶绿素质量分数和根系活力有明显的正效应,但是随着镉胁迫程度的加重和胁迫时间的延长,这种作用开始下降,最后甚至与镉发生协同作用,不仅不能缓解镉对水稻幼苗的毒害,反而更加剧了镉对水稻幼苗的毒害,这说明适量的稀土元素对重金属胁迫下植物生长有一定的防护效应,但是这种效应与重金属胁迫的浓度大小、胁迫的时间长短有着密切的关系。此外,镉在水稻幼苗体内的富集规律是:根系>地上部,镉的富集与各处理组镉浓度之间有比较明显的剂量效应关系,但是,镧处理并未降低水稻幼苗地上部分及根系中镉的质量分数。     

镨对镉胁迫下水稻幼苗根系生长和根系形态的影响

为了解稀土镨对镉胁迫下水稻(Oryza sativa L.)根系毒害的缓解效应,以水稻幼苗为实验材料,采用溶液培养方法,研究了50μmol·L-1镉胁迫下不同浓度镨对水稻幼苗根系鲜质量、形态和根系活力的影响。结果表明,50μmol·L-1镉胁迫下,水稻根系生长受到明显的抑制,根系鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积和根系活力明显降低,且随镉处理时间的延长,抑制程度加重。但镉对根系平均直径无明显影响。23～184μmol·L-1的镨对水稻镉毒害有一定的缓解效果,可不同程度的减轻镉对幼苗的伤害,促进了镉胁迫下根系鲜质量、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积的增加,提高了根系活力,且随着处理时间的延长,缓解效应愈加明显,与单镉毒害相比,镨处理5天后根系鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积和根系活力分别提高了0.92%～14.8%、1.61%～16.3%、2.57%～20.3%、1.52%～17.2%和3.71%～32.8%,处理10d后根系鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积和根系活力分别提高了2.55%～31.2%、1.44%～21.4%、1.78%～27.2%、2.16%～23.4%和8.14%～52.9%;此外,23～184μmol·L-1的镨处理对直径≤1.0mm的根长和根表面积、直径0.5mmD≤1.0mm的根体积影响较大,其分别提高了0.9%～24.3%、1.9%～32.6%、0.4%～33.2%,其中以92μmol·L-1镨缓解效果最好。但随着镨浓度的进一步加大,当镨浓度达到230μmol·L-1时,反而会使水稻根系受到更严重的毒害。     

Effects of feeding history on the growth characteristics of a reef fish at settlement

A feeding experiment was conducted on the pelagic stages of the tropical goatfish Upeneus tragula (family Mullidae) to examine how food quantity affects growth characteristics and potential success at settlement. Pelagic goatfish were collected from aggregation rafts 3 nautical miles west of Lizard Island on the northern Great Barrier Reef during December 1990. Three tanks in each of four feeding regimes were stocked with 25 pelagic goatfish between 20 and 23 mm standard length (SL). The four feeding regimes were: fed ad lib. (fed): fed once per day (f1pd); starved every second day (stld); starved for 3 d and re-fed (st3d). Fishes were fed 36 to 48 h old Artemia sp. nauplii (Ocean Star strain). Fish were removed from tanks when they underwent metamorphosis, changed pigmentation and settled to the bottom of the tanks. Morphology, muscle development, time taken to settle and biochemical condition were examined. Growth attributes of the treated fish were compared to fish which settled within 24 h of capture (field). All attributes examined were significantly influenced by the feeding treatments. Fish within the fed and st3d treatments were significantly larger and heavier than fish in the less well-fed treatments (f1pd, st1d). Similarly, concentrations of total lipid, carbohydrate and protein in the settled fish were significantly higher in the fed and st3d treatments compared with the st1d and f1pd treatments. For all these morphological and biochemical attributes the st1d and f1pd fish did not significantly differ from the field fishes, but did differ from the fed and st3d fishes. Water content was significantly higher in the f1pd, st1d and field fishes compared with the fed and st3d fish. Furthermore, the average time taken to settle followed the pattern: fed (14d)U. tragula are physiologically well suited to exploiting a patchy food source, and that food availability within the pelagic stages can have a major influence on the growth characteristics of this reef fish at settlement. The ramifications of this finding are discussed in relation to survival and success once fish have recruited to the reef population.     

白玉兰落叶水浸出液抑制蓝藻生长和叶绿素荧光特性分析

利用浮游植物荧光仪对暴露于不同浓度白玉兰落叶水浸出液下微囊藻生长、最大光合作用效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光合作用效率[Y(Ⅱ)]、光能利用效率(alpha)和最大相对电子传递速率(r ETRmax)进行为期15 d的检测,分析白玉兰落叶浸出液对微囊藻的抑制效应和叶绿素荧光特性影响.结果发现,白玉兰落叶浸出液能有效抑制微囊藻的生长,呈明显浓度抑制型变化,抑藻能力随时间的延长而下降.低浓度(0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6 g·L-1)浸出液胁迫下,对微囊藻叶绿素荧光参数无显著影响;高浓度(2.0 g·L-1)浸出液胁迫下,在早期(4 d内)对荧光参数有极显著抑制作用.三维荧光图谱表明,在投量为2.0 g·L-1时,第15天色氨酸及酪氨酸荧光峰强度约为1.2 g·L-1投量情况下的1/3,同时腐殖酸的荧光峰强度减弱.第7—15天,藻细胞生长的半抑制浓度EC50值最小约为0.5—0.7 g·L-1.     

铝对荞麦和金荞麦根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

以两种耐锅性不同蓼科荞麦属植物荞麦和金荞麦为材料,通过土培盆栽试验,比较研究其根际土壤微生态对铝胁迫反应的差异.结果表明,一定质量分数的Al对荞麦和金荞麦根际土壤绌菌具有显著刺激效应,对金荞麦的影响更大,但Al质量分数过高,对细菌的刺激效应明显减弱,甚至产生抑制作用,荞麦和金荞麦根际土壤真菌数量均随着Al质量分数的升高而明显增加,荞麦根际土壤真菌增加幅度更为显著,Al胁迫下二者根际放线菌数量的变化亦表现出一定的差异;Al胁迫下,养麦和金荞麦根际土壤氨化细菌、硝化绌菌、反硝化细菌等氮素生理群微生物的变化趋势亦显示出明显差异,整体上荞麦根际土壤细菌生珲群对Al胁迫比金荞麦更敏感;Al胁迫对荞麦和金荞麦根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性均表现出较弱的抑制效应,但荞麦根际土壤始终维持较金荞麦更高的过氧化氢酶活性,这与荞麦具有更强的耐铝性有一定的关系,荞麦和金荞麦根际土壤转化酶对Al非常敏感,随着铝的加入,其活性显著下降,荞麦和金荞麦根际土壤脲酶活性的变化趋势基本一致,但整体上荞麦根际土壤脲酶活性均明显低于金荞麦,这是否与其耐铝毒特性的差异有关有待于进一步探讨.     

Impact of anaerobically treated and untreated (raw) distillery effluent irrigation on soil microflora, growth, total chlorophyll and protein contents of Phaseolus aureus L

Impact of distillery effluent (untreated and treated) irrigation on soil microflora of the pots used for growing Phaseolus aureus L. was investigated. The growth of the P. aureus plants as affected by distillery effluent irrigation was also evaluated. The irrigation of the pots by 1-10% distillery effluent (anaerobically treated) stimulated the growth of the soil microflora (increased number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) and P. aureus plants (increased shoot and root lengths, biomass, chlorophyll and protein contents). Further, 15-20% distillery effluent (anaerobically treated) had toxic effect on soil micro flora as indicated by reduced number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Reduction in shoot, root, lengths, biomass, chlorophyll, protein contents of P. aureus was also observed when irrigated by 15-20% treated distillery effluent. All the concentrations of raw distillery effluent reduced the bacterial population. However, the treated distillery effluent concentrations <10% had stimulatory effect on fungal and actinomycetes population. However, raw effluent concentrations >5% reduced the same. Raw distillery effluent was more toxic to P. aureus than treated distillery effluent as concentrations >5%, had reduced the growth (shoot, root length and biomass) of the test plant. Raw distillery effluent had adverse effect to total chlorophyll contents and all the test concentrations reduced the total chlorophyll level. However, untreated (raw) distillery effluent stimulated the protein content initially. It has been concluded from-present study that lower concentrations of the raw distillery effluent (1-5%) and treated distillery effluent (1-10%) had stimulated the growth of P. aureus and soil microflora except soil bacteria (inhibited by all the concentration of the raw effluent). However, higher concentrations (raw effluent: 10-20%; treated effluent 15-20%) had toxicity to test parameters.     

芦苇化感组分对斜生栅藻Scenedesmus obliquus生长特性的影响

水华或赤潮现象是备受关注的环境问题之一。利用植物化感作用抑制藻类生长作为一种新型的生物抑藻技术在近年来开始受到研究者的重视,并取得了一定的研究成果。文章研究了从芦苇PhragmitiscommunisTrin中分离得到的化感组分对斜生栅藻Scenedesmusobliquus生长特性的影响。在藻类的对数生长期向培养液中投加不同浓度的化感组分,分别测定并观察了培养期间受试藻种藻密度、藻细胞结构和群体形态的变化。结果表明,该化感组分在培养初期对斜生栅藻藻密度的增长具有明显的抑制作用,半效应质量浓度(EC50,4d)值为0.45mg·L-1,但在培养6d后,出现促进作用,且随投加浓度的增加而增强。斜生栅藻生长受到抑制期间,藻细胞形态变大,投加0.5mg·L-1化感组分时,藻细胞平均宽度是对照组的2倍。TEM观察观察结果表明藻细胞亚显微结构受到破坏。另外,EMA提高了斜生栅藻的沉降性和吸附性。     

不同Cu2+浓度处理对斜生栅藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

利用浮游植物荧光仪(phyto-PAM)研究了不同Cu2+浓度不同时间(12、24、36和48 h)处理后,斜生栅藻Scendesmus obliquus生长及叶绿素荧光特性等的变化.测定的主要参数有:PS Ⅱ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),PS Ⅱ实际光能转化效率(φPSⅡ=Yield),PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo),最大相对电子传递效率(rETRmax,即Pm),光能利用效率(α)和细胞密度(A650nm值),叶绿素a、叶绿素b及胡萝卜素含量.结果表明:高浓度Cu2+处理(20～010 μamolμmol·L-1)下,Fv/Fm、Yield、Fv/Fo、rETR、α以及细胞密度等参数随着胁迫时间延长,数值下降幅度显著,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量也明显下降,低浓度Cu2+处理(0～10 μml·L-1)时上述参数变化不显著.可见,高浓度Cu2+(40～100μmol·L-1)处理对斜生栅藻有显著的胁迫抑制作用,低浓度Cu2+处理(0～10 μmol·L-1)对其影响不明显.     

Effects of temperature on yolk utilization,initial growth,and behaviour of unfed marine fish-larvae

The effect of temperature on yolk utilization, initial growth and behaviour of larvae of four species of marine fishes, i.e.,Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Engraulis japonica, Pagrus major andParalichthys olivaceus, was investigated under laboratory conditions at Hiroshima in 1989. The yolk sac was absorbed earlier with increasing temperature for all species. Morphological characters such as pectoral fin appearance, mouth opening and eye pigmentation differed from species to species over the range of experimental temperatures, and the sequence of development of these characters varied with temperature even within the same species. Temperature did not have a large influence on the maximum growth of unfed larvae, but had a clear effect on the time to starvation, occurring earlier at higher temperatures. Larval behaviour as indicated by time spent moving was also influenced by temperature; behavioural activity was greater at higher temperatures for all species examined. The effect of temperature on the early stage of larval life is discussed in terms of behavioural and morphological developments, as well as on yolk utilization, and its influence on larval survival in nature and under rearing conditions is evaluated.     

UV-B辐射增强对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响

研究了大田栽培条件下紫外辐射增强对冬小麦孕穗、抽穗、开花、灌浆、结实以及产量的影响。结果表明,UV B辐射增强使小麦植株矮化,叶面积减小,穗重、茎重、叶重减小,灌浆速度变慢,灌浆不充实,此外,UV B辐射增强还使花粉败育率增大。     

Effects of dietary copper exposure on accumulation,growth, and hematological parameters in Cyprinus carpio

The influence of dietary copper (Cu) exposure on accumulation, growth, and hematological parameters was investigated in Cyprinus carpio after sub-chronic ingestion of 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000?mg?kg^?1 for 60 days. The profile of Cu accumulation among tissues in C. carpio was dependent on the exposure period and Cu concentration. Liver of C. carpio was the predominant storage tissue and the order of Cu accumulation in tissues was liver?>?intestine?> gill?>?kidney?>?muscle. Cu concentration at >125?mg?kg^?1 reduced growth rate, and was inversely related to growth. The RNA?:?DNA ratios were not affected by exposure and there was no correlation between growth rate and RNA?:?DNA ratio in liver and muscle. There were no significant effects of exposure on blood parameters except for magnesium. Cu exposure time and dose increased the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity levels.