Climate Change and Planning and Consultation for the UK Aviation White Paper

This note discusses environmental aspects of the planning and consultation process undertaken for the UK aviation White Paper. The process as a whole has involved some three years of forecasting and assessment of the operational, economic and environmental implications of some 28 options for airport expansion at 14 UK locations. Unconstrained passenger demand forecasts have been used as a basis for the planning and consultation, and a mitigation approach to environment has predominated. This is inadequate, given the climate impacts of the forecast aviation expansion. Greenhouse gas emissions reduction should be a high priority in transport infrastructure planning, not the subject of post-hoc analysis.     

Comparing contaminated property redevelopment for mandatory and Voluntary Cleanup Programs in California

This study uses California data to compare redevelopment for properties subject to mandatory and voluntary cleanup. CalSites are subject to the CERCLA liability approach, while properties in the Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP) are subject to a risk-based approach (RBA) that allows some contamination to remain for non-residential redevelopment. The expectation is that VCPs will show a greater proportion of industrial redevelopment, which has the least stringent standard, and a smaller proportion of residential redevelopment. The results show an overall trend toward more residential redevelopment of contaminated properties, but consistent with expectations, the trend is weaker for VCP properties than CalSites.     

新《森林法》背景下的补种树木责任承担方式

补种树木是森林生态环境修复的有效途径,而我国立法对补种树木责任承担方式的规定未形成体系,亟待完善.在新《森林法》出台的背景下,运用比较分析法对新旧《森林法》的修订变化进行阐释和探析,可得出:补种树木责任承担方式在执法与司法领域适用的过程中,遇到原地与异地补种的适用顺位不明、补种树木执法主体的确立不明确、缺乏补种树木执法...     

A FRAMEWORK FOR QUANTITATIVE SMART GROWTH IN LAND DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: Increasing awareness about the problems brought on by urban sprawl has led to proactive measures to guide future development. Such efforts have largely been grouped under the term “Smart Growth.” Although not widely recognized as such, the “smart” in Smart Growth implies an optimization of some quantity or objective while undertaking new forms of urban development. In this study, we define Smart Growth as that development plan that leads to the optimal value of a precisely defined measure identified by a stakeholder or stakeholders. To illustrate a formal, quantitative framework for Smart Growth, this study develops definitions of optimal development from the perspectives of four different types of stakeholders: a government planner, a land developer, a hydrologist, and a conservationist subject to certain development constraints. Four different objective functions are posed that are consistent with each of these stakeholders’perspectives. We illustrate the differences in consequences on future development given these different objective functions in a stylized representation for Montgomery County, Maryland. Solutions to Smart Growth from the individual perspectives vary considerably. Tradeoff tables are presented that illustrate the consequences experienced by each stakeholder depending on the viewpoint that has been optimized. Although couched in the context of an illustrative example, this study emphasizes the need to apply rigorous, quantitative tools in a meaningful framework to address Smart Growth. The result is a tool that a range of parties can use to plan future development in ways that are environmentally and fiscally responsible and economically viable.     

导游特色化初探

基于旅游市场对特色导游迫切需求的主要原因,阐述了导游特色化培养对于满足市场需求、提高服务质量、拓宽就业渠道、细化旅游学科专业建设具有的重要意义,并提出实现导游特色化可以从政策导向、教育、广纳人才等几个途径来实现。     

区域开发环境影响因素分析初探

随着经济的不断发展，我国的环境影响评价制度从建设项目环境影响评价正在向区域环境影响评价方向发展。国家环保总局已颂布了工程项目环境影响评价的技术导则，关于区域环境影响评价的技术导则正在制定之中。而当前区域环境影响评价在我国很多地方都已开展，并取得一定的成果。本文根据区域环境影响评价工作中的体会就区域环境影响因素分析提出了一些具体的方法。     

蚌埠市发展低碳经济的对策与建议

在全球气候变暖的大背景下,切实改变经济发展方式,积极推进低碳经济是遏制气候变暖、实现经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展模式。在重点分析蚌埠市工农业发展的碳源消耗、区域经济发展现状及存在的问题的基础上,结合蚌埠市经济发展与产业结构调整计划,从观念创新、优化结构、科技先导、碳汇农林、园区平台等不同层面提出适合蚌埠市低碳经济发展的对策与建议。     

当代大学生就业难的道德困境

在当前社会主义市场经济环境下，如何引导好大学毕业生树立正确的就业观，如何平衡功利主义与责任意识、享乐思想与奉献精神之间的关系，如何在企业需求与学校人才培养模式之间形成良性互动，是当前大学教育工作面临的重要课题。充分调动政府、社会、企业、学校各自资源的力量，是解决当代大学生就业困境的重要出路。     

Is animal welfare a central issue for consumers of luxury goods?

The compatibility between luxury and sustainable development has been increasingly examined in recent literature, but a number of ethical issues remain unexplored. One such concern is animal welfare, a recurrent question in the luxury goods sector. This is one of the first research articles to shed light on this subject, utilising two studies, one qualitative and the other quantitative with conjoint analysis, conducted among 12 and 253 French consumers, respectively. The results reveal that consumers are sensitive to the challenge of animal welfare in luxury, but fall into two different groups. Some have a preference for animal‐based raw materials sourced from livestock farms that respect animal welfare, whilst others are more favourable to the use of synthetic raw materials. In particular, the results show that the use of synthetic raw materials is accepted by some consumers but can lead to a reduction in the perceived value of luxury products.     

铅蓄电池行业清洁生产审核方法分析

铅蓄电池行业是我国重点整治的涉重金属行业,应开展强制性清洁生产审核。文章在探讨铅蓄电池行业开展清洁生产审核存在的主要问题的基础上,系统说明了铅蓄电池企业清洁生产审核的现状评估方法和平衡测试分析方法,提出了审核应重点关注的技术要点,以及常见的清洁生产方案,指导企业建立持续清洁生产机制,实现铅蓄电池行业全过程污染防治和重金属减排。     

APPLICATION OF LINEAR SYSTEM'S THEORY AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING TO GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT IN KANSAS1

ABSTRACT: A ground water management model based on the linear systems theory and the use of linear programming is formulated and solved. The model maximizes the total amount of pound water that can be pumped from the system subject to the physical capability of the system and institutional constraints. The results are compared With analytical and numerical solutions. Then, this model is applied to the Pawnee Valley area of south-central Kansas. The results of this application support the previous studies about the future ground water resources of the Valley. These results provide a guide for the ground water resources management of the area over the next ten years.     

A CATALYST FOR REGIONALIZATION OF RURAL WATER SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: The National Regulatory Research Institute has recommended the merger of small rural water districts in the United States. Success at bringing about merger of these districts, which contain fewer than 3,500 customers, has been highly limited. The subject of this paper is a demonstration project that may act as a catalyst to achieve the desired goal of regionalization. A computerized hydraulic data management program (CHDMP) was developed for a case study in Nelson County, Kentucky. University professors, graduate students, and two water utilities’ staffs cooperated in network analysis employing computer hardware and software. The utilities’ staffs were taught the science and technology of hydraulic model preparation, simulation, and analysis for the case study distribution systems. As an integrated system, the model contained 294 pipes, 234 nodes, six pumps, and 11 tanks. Each utility's problem areas were identified and some of the individual and mutual benefits of hydraulic planning were illustrated. A dialogue resulted between the managers. Each manager described his goals and agreed that, although political merger was not feasible at the present time, future economic factors could be a definite influence in reversing that decision.     

基于IPA理论的旅行社服务质量实证研究——以"三峡游"为例

通过对IPA理论及旅行社服务质量的综述研究,运用IPA分析法和统计检验,以"三峡游"旅游线路为例,通过19个特征项分析了游客对旅行社服务质量的重要性及绩效评价,涉及导游服务、游船服务、线路产品等方面,提出了旅行社提高三峡游旅游线路服务质量的有效措施,如加强对工作人员的管理与培训,提高工作技能,改善服务质量,强化售后服务等,以期为行业未来工作重点的选择及资源的有效配置提供参考依据.     

绿色消费的社会治理体系研究

绿色消费,伴随可持续发展战略的产生而逐步体现在居民日常生活中。消费什么主要由消费者自行决定,政府难以强求;是否消费绿色产品,受到收入、受教育程度、追求品质的动机等要素影响,购买消费品时还受认知过程、情绪过程、意志过程制约。绿色消费不仅要满足人体健康和社会需求,还要体现资源节约和环境保护基本国策要求,以实现消费品生产、流通、消费以及包装物回收利用全生命周期的环境影响最小化。政府可以通过政策激励、宣传教育、率先垂范等途径引导公众更多的消费绿色产品。     

Navigating multi‐level natural resource governance: an analytical guide

A plethora of terms are used to describe the form of governance of complex social‐ecological systems, such as multi‐level governance, polycentricity and network governance. This plethora of terms is associated with a diffuse literature from which it can be challenging to identify which variables are important for investigation of the governance system and what questions could be asked. The purpose of this article is to present the development of a guide for the analysis of the complex governance systems of renewable natural resources, informed by a breadth of literature from which key characteristics, challenges and concepts are identified. The guide consists of three dimensions: multiplicities of levels, actors and institutions; the existence, opportunities for, and challenges of, interactions within and between levels (vertical and horizontal interactions); and an assessment of governance performance through application of governance principles. The guide is applied to a case study of mangrove forests in Kenya, to illustrate its utility in generating understanding and identification of challenges and opportunities for more effective multi‐level governance. It is proposed that the guide could be beneficial to researchers and practitioners seeking to develop an understanding of structures, performance and outcomes of multi‐level governance.     

“八·五”环境统计试点报表中用水、排水指标统计分析探讨

本文应用物料平衡的原理,阐明国家环境保护局制定的“八·五”环境试报点表中有关用水、排水指标之间的关系。对提高填报数据的质量,开发统计指标的使用价值,做好环境统计分析工作,提出建议和希望。     

初探产业园区规划环境影响跟踪评价实施技术路线和指标体系构建

环境影响评价法颁布十年,规划环评实施进入进一步深化和拓展阶段,跟踪评价是规划环评实施重要内容之一。目前跟踪评价暂缺乏相关技术导则和规范,无法指导实际工作。本文就跟踪评价实施步骤、技术路线、指标体系构建3个方面,探讨跟踪评价在具体工作中如何实施。以产业园区规划为例,将步骤划分为已实施部分规划的回顾性评价、未实施部分规划的预测评价两部分分别分析;技术路线将规划要素与环境资源要素相互对应分析;指标体系构建以规划要素、环境要素、资源要素、管理要素4个方面进行讨论。     

Operation and maintenance of water projects and services in Latin America

This paper concentrates on two aspects of the vast subject of '… water projects and services'. Even though the questions tackled may affect different water uses, this analysis is focused on operation and maintenance of water supply systems and the institutions that service them. The paper seeks to analyse some of the obstacles which impede the attainment of better performance in the operation and maintenance of water projects. It tackles the institutional problems and restrictions which must be overcome to speed up the adoption of operational patterns which will lead to a better use of available capacities.