旋转射流破岩钻孔机理研究

综合利用实验方法和数值模拟技术,研究了旋转射流的结构特性及井底流场分布,证明了旋转射流具有三维速度,且其速度最高部分,集中在离开射流轴心一定半径的一环形区域上,射流呈扩散状,其冲击面积随喷距的增大而大幅度增加。旋转射流破岩钻孔的机理不同于普通圆射流,它以剪切破碎为主,伴以冲蚀、拉伸破坏和磨削等多种形式,因而具有很高的破岩效率。破岩首先从对应着射流能量最高的环形区域开始,并逐步向内、外扩展,形成凸锥状的孔底。研究表明旋转射流在破岩钻长连续孔眼方面具有极大的优势     

围压作用下自振空化射流脉动特性实验研究

就围压下自振空化射流动压力特性进行了实验研究,其实验结果表明：在围压作用下,自振空化射流脉动幅度存在最优喷距,并且最优喷距随围压的增大而增大;在压降一定情况下,脉动幅度随围压的增加而减小;在围压和压降一定时,自振空化射流的最大冲击压力明显高于普通连续射流;自振空化射流的脉动频率,基本不随围压、压降和喷距的变化而变化,在本实验条件下,基本保持在１．３８ＫＨｚ 左右     

淹没状态下高压水射流破岩效率分析

为研究淹没状态下射流参数对射流破岩效率和安全性的影响,基于流体力学、弹塑性力学及岩石力学,通过流固耦合罚函数算法建立淹没状态下水射流冲击岩石数值计算模型。通过理论分析和实际试验对比验证所建模型。对不同工况下淹没射流冲击岩石进行数值模拟,探讨不同射流参数对破岩效率的影响。结果表明:随着射流速度的增大,破岩效率先后经历线性增长阶段和平稳增长阶段,岩石冲蚀深度变化具有一定相似性;岩石的冲蚀深度随靶距的增大而迅速减小,冲蚀孔径随靶距的增加而增大,冲蚀体积呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;射流直径对破岩效率的影响主要表现在冲蚀孔径上,对冲蚀深度几乎没有影响。基于正交设计试验,得到不同射流参数敏感性大小依次为:射流速度,靶距,射流直径。     

采油射流泵内流场数值模拟

采油射流泵内流场是具有逆压力梯度的强湍流场，扩散管部分具有不规则边界。采用代数法生成扩散器贴体坐标系统；并选择使用高Ｒｅ数ｋ－ε。模型及考虑逆压力梯度影响的壁面函数法对射流泵整体流场进行数值模拟。将理论结果与试验值进行对比分析，二者基本符合，数值模拟的可靠性得到了验证。     

前混合式磨料射流清洗油管涂料的实验研究

研究结果表明，前混合式磨料射流清洗油管涂料的清洗效率随喷嘴直径的增大而增大，喷距、喷射角和颗粒直径最佳参数值分别为１５０ｍｍ、１２０℃（或６０℃）和０．８ｍｍ。     

水射流技术在牙轮钻头中的应用与研究进展

介绍了喷射钻井井底流场特性、喷嘴射流破岩机理、脉冲射流喷嘴、新型水力流道钻头的研究与应用情况，以及水射流技术在石油钻井用钻头上的应用前景。     

应急封井装置与深水井喷喷流井口对接模拟研究

为研究井喷高速喷流对应急封井装置与井口对接时的冲击影响规律,应用CFD数值模拟方法研究应急封井装置下放距离、对接偏距、井喷喷速对流场分布、冲击力的影响规律.结果表明:装置下放对接过程中短轴方向所受冲击力增加幅度较大;水平方向对接时,随着偏距的减小,装置所受冲击力降低,且降低速率增加;应急封井装置处于相同高度时井喷流体的...     

磨料水射流切割影响因素及切割深度预测模型

切割破拆是实现高效应急救援的方式之一,针对现有破拆工具切割性能与适用性方面的不足,研究前混合磨料水射流(AWJ)用于破拆切割混凝土过程的影响程度,并提出优化方法;主要采用单因素试验法和正交试验法研究射流压力、横移速度、冲击角度、靶距等工艺参数对切割性能的影响程度,并通过多元线性回归分析得到切割深度的预测模型。结果表明:切割深度受不同参数的影响存在明显差异,随射流压力增大而增大,随横移速度增大而减小,随靶距增大而先增大后减小,且存在最佳靶距为4 mm,随冲击角度呈现波动式变化,存在最佳冲击角度为80°;各工艺参数对切割深度的影响程度存在差异,从大到小依次为:射流压力、横移速度、靶距。     

独头巷道受限贴附射流有效射程的 理论研究与数值计算

为了探讨独头巷道受限贴附射流通风有效射程,利用巷道断面面积与风筒出流射流直径,定义了独头巷道射流的受限程度,采用理论分 析与数值计算方法,推导了受限射流无因次距离与沿程断面位置、断面流量和断面平均流速之间的关系式,建立了独头巷道受限贴附射流流动 特性模型。利用该模型,开展了8个不同工况下受限贴附射流的数值计算。结果表明,在受限的情况下,射流区无因次最大截面积出现在无因次 距离为0.200 0处,而无因次最大截面流量位于无因次距离为0.187 5处。理论推导和计算结果表明,所得模型和计算方法能更为准确预测受限 贴附射流的有效射程。     

建筑火灾顶棚射流的数值模拟及火焰扩展长度处理方法

探讨了建筑火灾数值模拟中常用的火焰区域获取方法及其优缺点。通过火灾动力学模拟软件(Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS)对建筑火灾中的顶棚射流现象进行了模拟计算，其中考虑了不同火源热释放速率与不同火源距顶棚高度等条件的影响。分别采用连续图像法和温度阈值法获取了数值模拟中顶棚射流火焰扩展长度的数据，并与文献中基于试验建立的火焰扩展长度预测模进行了对比。结果表明：通过温度阈值法获取的火焰扩展长度数据受阈值取值的影响较大。通过连续图像法获取的火焰扩展长度数据可以较好地反映出火焰扩展在不同火源热释放速率及不同火源距顶棚高度等条件下的动态变化情况，与前人建立的火焰扩展长度预测模型之间的吻合较好，表明通过连续图像法获取的火焰扩展长度数据较为准确。建筑火灾数值模拟中的火焰扩展长度可通过基于单位体积热释放速率的连续火焰图像获取。研究结论可为建筑火灾数值模拟中火焰燃烧区域的确定提供参考。     

不同隧道坡度下射流风机临界风速研究

为研究隧道坡度对射流风机临界风速的影响,通过理论分析与数值模拟,采用全尺寸隧道模型和5种不同火源功率,考虑0%,±1%,±3%,±5%,±7% 9种不同隧道坡度,研究隧道坡度对射流风机临界风速的影响规律。结果表明:坡度对射流风机临界风速有较大影响。在射流风机与火源纵向间距不小于100 m情况下,即其临界风速与火源纵向间距无关;当上坡时,其临界风速与火源功率的1/3次方成正比,坡度越大,临界风速越小;当下坡时,其临界风速与火源功率的1/3次方成正比,坡度（绝对值）越大,临界风速越大;对数据结果进行拟合,得到上坡与下坡时的射流风机临界风速模型,并与模拟结果取得了较好的一致性。     

高压水射流超细粉碎的压力与粒度的关系

从理论分析和实验研究两方面，对高压水射流超细粉碎压力与粒度的定量关系进行了研究。根据流体力学理论，推导出粉体颗粒的动能与射流压力成正比；再由Ｒｉｔｔｉｎｇｅｒ的“表面积假说”，得出高压水射流超细粉碎的压力与产品调和平均粒度倒数和给料调和平均粒度倒数之差成正比；并在不同压力和给料粒度下，用水射流对云母粉进行了超细粉碎实验。实验结果与理论结果相当吻合。     

Effects of release pressure on the transportation characteristics in pipeline and the diffusion behaviors in enclosure space of typical gas extinguishing agent

Reducing the release pressure of fire extinguishing systems can decrease potential safety hazards in large transport airplanes. To explore whether reducing the release pressure can achieve the release effect required by the airworthiness standards or not, the transportation characteristics in the pipeline and diffusion behaviors in the enclosure space of a typical fire extinguishing agent (Halon 1301) were investigated under five release pressures in the present study. The effects of the release pressure on the degree of superheat, injection duration, jet structure, and concentration distribution of Halon 1301 were analyzed. The results show that both of the degree of superheat and the injection duration decrease with an increase in the release pressure. The supplement of bubble expansion in the fire extinguishing agent can slow down the pressure decrease in the vessel. Both of the maximum and mean values of the pipeline differential pressure increase with an increase in release pressure. The maximum value of the jet angle decreases linearly with the increase in release pressure, and the jet deflects upward owing to the effects of buoyancy. The maximum concentration value decreases with an increase in the distance from the nozzle. The maximum concentration values in the near field from the nozzle increase with an increase in the release pressure. Under five release pressures, the concentration and holding time (duration above 6% volume concentration) of Halon 1301 on the centerline of the jet meet the requirements of airworthiness provisions.     

基于高压水射流分布特性的清洗参数选择

针对高压水射流清洗参数选择简单盲目的问题 ,通过高压水射流动压和流量分布特性以及水射流清洗机理的分析 ,揭示了水射流清洗过程中存在的水射流冲击压力、持续作用时间和能量散布等临界条件要求 ,明确了从工艺参数选择、射流分布特征到清洗效能之间的相关关系 ,为清洗过程分析提供理论依据 ;并基于临界动压与高压水射流动压分布规律 ,推导了最佳靶距和最大清洗宽度估算公式 ;对清洗工作压力、入射角度、清洗靶距、横移速度等清洗工艺参数的选择进行了分析 ;简化并优化了清洗参数选择方法。     

Analyzing effective factors on leakage-induced hydrogen fires

Currently, novel energy resources are receiving increasing attention as a response to the limitation in fossil fuels as well as their adverse effects on human health. Hydrogen, one of the most abundant elements on the earth, can be regarded as a new energy source to replace fossil fuels. Therefore, safety assessment of the relating processes is very crucial by increasing use of hydrogen as a fuel source. In this regard, consequence analysis for risk assessment and power reduction is very important. The present study aims at modeling hydrogen dispersion along with consequence analyses for such events as jet fire and flash fire. The model was validated by using the data derived from a study on hydrogen leakage in supply pipelines in the laboratory of the University of Pisa. Modeling results reveal that ambient conditions will impose a milder impact on leakage consequences if internal pressure is high in release source. The safe distance was also estimated to be 14 m. Dispersion consequence modeling was performed, followed by the evaluation of the effect of environmental (i.e., stability, ambient temperature, surface roughness, wind speed, and humidity) and process (i.e., vessel temperature and pressure, leakage diameter, and releasing point height) parameters on maximum size flammable vapor cloud and maximum level jet fire radiation on the ground. The size of flammable vapor cloud (consequence dispersion index) and the maximum flux of radiation were affected by process parameters more than ambient parameters. Leakage diameter and the vessel pressure were found to have the highest impact on the operational parameters.     

Wire-mesh inhibition of jet fire induced by explosion venting

Explosion venting is widely applied in industrial explosion-proof designs due to the convenient, economical and practical features of this method. Natural gas is usually stored in storage tanks. If the gas in the vessel is mixed with air and encounters an ignition source, explosion venting might occur, producing jet fire, generating new secondary derivative accidents and causing casualties and property losses. In this paper, a set of test platforms including wire-mesh suppression devices is established to study the inhibition of jet fire induced by explosion venting by wire mesh. The experimental research shows that a wire mesh significantly inhibits the jet fire induced by explosion venting. The flame propagation velocity and pressure clearly decrease with increasing numbers of wire-mesh layers. The wire-mesh structure significantly affects the flame propagation, and the more layers of mesh there are, the better the suppression effect is. The flame temperature gradually decreases with the addition of the wire mesh. The mesh size significantly affects the pressure propagation of explosion venting. The explosion pressure gradually decreases with the addition of the wire mesh. With increasing distance between the wire mesh and the explosion vent, the maximum temperature first increases and then decreases, and the maximum explosion pressure first decreases and then increases. In the case of single gas cloud, the flame suppression effect is the most obvious when the wire mesh is 0.2 m away from the explosion vent. In the case of double gas clouds, the flame suppression effect is the most significant when the distance between the wire mesh and the first gas cloud is 0.4 m.     

低压水射流辅助PDC刀具切削花岗岩

采用低压水射流辅助聚晶金刚石刀具车削花岗岩，采集不同切削条件下切削力的数据，分析了在水射流辅助下刀具进给量、切削深度、切削速度、水射流压力、喷射距离对切削力的影响。结果表明，在实验压力范围内，切削过程中，水射流使岩石受到冲蚀，并使微裂纹扩展，有利于岩石的切削。切削力随着水射流压力的增大而减少。