厌氧序批式反应器产氢

以啤酒厂废水处理厂UASB中的厌氧污泥为种泥,葡萄糖为基质,研究了厌氧序批式反应器产氢。控制反应器内pH为4.0～4.5,温度为(36±1)℃,水力停留时间为8 h,当进水葡萄糖浓度为4 000 mg/L,容积负荷为12 kg/(m3.d)条件下,该厌氧序批式反应器实现了连续高效厌氧产氢。生物气中的氢气含量约为48%～53%,基质产氢率为1.1 mol/mol葡萄糖,COD去除率为15%～25%,最大比产氢速率为84.5 mol/(kg VSS.d)。液相末端发酵产物中乙醇和乙酸的含量占液相末端发酵产物总量的80%以上,表明该反应器内进行的是乙醇型发酵厌氧产氢。厌氧序批式反应器完全可以实现连续高效厌氧产氢,比较适用于日处理量较小的高浓度含糖废水。     

厌氧序批式反应器产氢

以啤酒厂废水处理厂UASB中的厌氧污泥为种泥,葡萄糖为基质,研究了厌氧序批式反应器产氢。控制反应器内pH为4.0～4.5,温度为（36±1）℃,水力停留时间为8 h,当进水葡萄糖浓度为4 000 mg/L,容积负荷为12 kg/（m3.d）条件下,该厌氧序批式反应器实现了连续高效厌氧产氢。生物气中的氢气含量约为48%～53%,基质产氢率为1.1 mol/mol葡萄糖,COD去除率为15%～25%,最大比产氢速率为84.5 mol/（kg VSS.d）。液相末端发酵产物中乙醇和乙酸的含量占液相末端发酵产物总量的80%以上,表明该反应器内进行的是乙醇型发酵厌氧产氢。厌氧序批式反应器完全可以实现连续高效厌氧产氢,比较适用于日处理量较小的高浓度含糖废水。     

两级常温厌氧—好氧—固定化微生物组合工艺处理酿酒废水

酿酒废水是一种典型的高氨氮浓度的有机废水.采用两级常温厌氧-好氧-固定化微生物组合工艺对酿酒废水进行中试研究,重点考察了各级工艺对有机物和氨氮的去除效果,并且对影响系统稳定运行的主要因素进行分析.试验结果表明,稳定运行状态下,一级厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器对有机物去除率可达到70%～90%,处理效果受环境温度影响较大;二级EGSB反应器可以同时去除有机物和氮氧化物;三级好氧接触氧化反应器对有机物的去除率可达到70%,氨氮去除率维持在50%;包埋硝化菌流化床反应器最终能有效地去除水中的氨氮,出水氨氮质量浓度低于15 mg/L.     

光合细菌强化二级流化床工艺处理焦化废水的研究

采用厌氧酸化加二级流化床组合工艺处理焦化废水。一级反应器内光合细菌与兼性厌氧菌处于共生状态,二级反应器内光合细菌与亚硝酸细菌处于共生状态。一级反应器内光合细菌有充分的小分子有机酸可降解并形成二次酸化,在二级反应器内完成进一步降解。结合反应条件：温度,pH,DO和基质浓度等,将二级反应器内硝化反应控制在亚硝化阶段,有效地保证了废水中碳源的利用。稳定运行了60 d,结果显示,出水COD和NH₃-N浓度分别为105～135 mg/L和14～20 mg/L,去除率分别稳定在90.3%～92.5%和92%～95%。TN去除率稳定在83%～86%。酚、氰化物和BOD5的去除率均在95%以上。     

强化循环厌氧反应器处理印染废水的中试启动研究

应用自主研制的强化循环厌氧反应器(SCAR)中试规模处理实际印染废水,研究反应器的启动特性。反应器接种厌氧颗粒污泥后启动运行83 d,形成连续内循环并实现了对印染废水处理的高效稳定运行。在进水COD浓度1 000~3 650 mg/L、系统容积负荷0.7~6.4 kg/(m3·d)条件下,废水COD和色度平均去除率分别达到55%和73%。反应器内较高浓度的NH+4-N保证了系统pH的稳定性,350~600 mg/L的NH+4-N浓度没有对强化循环厌氧反应器产生抑制作用,系统内也没有出现VFA(以乙酸计)积累。启动过程中,厌氧颗粒污泥的粒径增大、沉降性能变好。启动实验完成时,反应器内微生物的脱氢酶活性(以TF计)和辅酶F420浓度分别为3.4973 mg/(g·h)和0.1872μmol/g。     

三维粒子电极处理染料废水的效能及机制

以自制的负载Sb掺杂Sn O2的陶瓷颗粒为粒子电极,构建三维电极体系,对其处理活性艳红X-3B废水的效能进行研究,并借助于循环伏安曲线、羟基自由基的荧光光谱检测技术对三维粒子电极体系的电催化氧化机制进行研究。结果表明,优化槽电压为13 V,处理时间为60 min时,三维电极体系对活性艳红X-3B废水的COD去除率和相应能耗分别为85.6%与16.8 k W·h/(kg COD),与二维电极体系相比COD去除率提高了32.9%,能耗降低了33.3%。UV-Vis吸收光谱分析表明电催化氧化技术可以破坏活性艳红X-3B分子中的偶氮键、苯环和萘环,将大分子降解为小分子。电催化氧化机制研究表明,在本实验条件下三维电极主要通过间接氧化而不是直接氧化提高电催化氧化效能,即在三维粒子电极体系中羟基自由基的产生量多于二维电极体系,从而实现高效低耗处理活性艳红X-3B废水。     

啤酒生产废水处理设计及运行研究

分析了年产15万t啤酒的生产废水情况,介绍了采用IC厌氧反应器-一体化氧化沟处理该生产废水(7 200 m3/d)的工艺路线和主要设计参数,讨论了废水处理系统的运行情况.其中IC厌氧反应器的HRT为8 h,运行温度为35～37 ℃;一体化氧化沟包括氧化沟段和沉淀池段,总尺寸为40 m×24 m×6 m.IC厌氧反应器COD容积负荷在7.78 kg/(m3·d)时,COD去除率为84%左右.整套废水处理系统的COD总去除率为98%左右,出水COD小于80 mg/L.厌氧所产生的沼气可用于废水的升温.     

低温厌氧处理低浓度废水研究进展

对低温下厌氧处理低浓度废水的最新进展进行了较全面综述。高效厌氧反应器为这一发展提供了可能。首选反应器是膨胀颗粒污泥床 (EGSB)反应器。若废水中颗粒有机物含量较高 ,采用两级系统 (两个EGSB ,水解上流式污泥床(HUSB)反应器 +EGSB ,上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)反应器 +EGSB等 )处理效果较好。新兴的厌氧膜生物反应器也是该领域的一个发展方向。低温 ( 3— 12℃ )、低浓度 (COD <10 0 0mg L)废水中培养的嗜温种泥保持令人满意的产甲烷活性。其最佳代谢温度仍在中温范围 ( 30— 40℃ ) ,表明主要菌群仍是嗜温菌。     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器预处理有机氯农药废水的研究

针对有机氯农药废水可生化性差的特点,研究了采用厌氧膨胀床颗粒活性炭反应器对其预处理以提高可生化性的效果.未经处理的有机氯农药废水及经混凝、Fenton氧化处理后的有机氯农药废水分别进入厌氧反应器,在进水pH为6.8～7.2,水力停留时间为48 h,有机物容积负荷为1.41～3.19 kg COD/m3.d时,3种废水的出水B/C值分别为0.35、0.41和0.42;出水COD分别为1280、1050和659 mg/L;出水色度分别为50倍(灰白)、20倍(灰白)和20倍(灰白).从运行稳定、经济的角度,选择混凝-厌氧组合作为该农药废水的预处理工艺.研究提出采用单位表面面积生物膜底物降解速率LW作为厌氧膨胀床反应器的设计指标,并根据试验数据得出厌氧膨胀床颗粒活性炭反应器的动力学模型,为工程设计及运行管理提供依据.     

预处理-水解酸化-厌氧-好氧工艺对玉米淀粉废水有机污染物的降解

采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)等检测手段分析预处理/水解酸化/厌氧/好氧组合工艺对玉米淀粉废水有机污染物的降解情况。结果表明,竖流沉淀预处理阶段对TOC平均去除率36.7%,废水中主要为芳烃、烷烯烃以及杂环类物质,EEM产生的5个荧光峰均为芳香蛋白类有机物;水解酸化阶段大部分杂环以及芳烃类有机物水解成有机酸和醇类物质,TOC平均去除率22.7%;厌氧阶段TOC平均去除率最高,达到97.8%,废水中以芳烃和烷烯烃为主,荧光峰减少至2个且强度减弱;好氧阶段TOC平均去除率为61.3%,有机物主要为难降解的长链烷烃物质,芳香蛋白类有机物荧光峰全部消失,新生成了与微生物代谢相关的腐殖酸类物质。     

Reduction of greenhouse gases from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment by bromochloromethane in Taiwan

This work establishes methods of reducing the amount of methane produced from the anaerobic treatment of piggery wastewater by either reducing the storage time before solid/liquid separation or inhibiting the activity of methanogens in anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Experimental results showed these two methods can be adopted effectively to reduce methane production resulting from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment. First, the wastewater must be processed using solid/liquid separation immediately after washing pig houses. This process can reduce by 62% the biogas production and indirectly decrease the methane production from the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. Second, adding 10 mg L(-1) bromochloromethane (BCM) daily into the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor can significantly reduce the amount of biogas and methane produced during the anaerobic fermentation process. Furthermore, biogas production can be completely inhibited after 4 days. Adding BCM (< or =10 mg L(-1)) to wastewater only slightly affected the efficiency of the anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Results in this study can provide the basis for further research on reduction of the amount of methane produced from anaerobic wastewater treatments.     

Reduction of Greenhouse Gases from Anaerobic Piggery Wastewater Treatment by Bromochloromethane in Taiwan

Abstract

This work establishes methods of reducing the amount of methane produced from the anaerobic treatment of piggery wastewater by either reducing the storage time before solid/liquid separation or inhibiting the activity of methanogens in anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Experimental results showed these two methods can be adopted effectively to reduce methane production resulting from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment. First, the wastewater must be processed using solid/liquid separation immediately after washing pig houses. This process can reduce by 62% the biogas production and indirectly decrease the methane production from the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. Second, adding 10 mg L^?1 bromochloromethane (BCM) daily into the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor can significantly reduce the amount of biogas and methane produced during the anaerobic fermentation process. Furthermore, biogas production can be completely inhibited after 4 days. Adding BCM (≤10 mg L^?1) to wastewater only slightly affected the efficiency of the anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Results in this study can provide the basis for further research on reduction of the amount of methane produced from anaerobic wastewater treatments.     

Oily wastewater treatment using a novel hybrid PBR-UASB system

In this study, anaerobic treatability of oily wastewater was investigated in a hybrid reactor system consisting of a packed bed reactor (PBR) followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at 35 degrees C. The system was operated using real pet food wastewater at different hydraulic retention times and loading rates for 165 d. The PBR was packed with sol-gel/alginate beads containing immobilized enzyme which hydrolyzed the oil and grease (O&G) into free long chain fatty acids, that were biodegraded by the UASB. The hybrid system was operated up to an oil loading rate of 4.9 kg O&Gm(-3)d(-1) (to the PBR) without any operational problems for a period of 100 d, with COD and O&G removal efficiencies above 90% and no sludge flotation was observed in the UASB. Beads supplement to the PBR was less than 2 g d(-1) and the relative activity was about 70%. Further increment in O&G loading to 18.7 kg O&Gm(-3)d(-1) caused destabilization of the system with 0.35% (v float/v feed) sludge float removed from the UASB.     

厌氧产氢ASBR对氮的脱除

在厌氧序批式人工有机污水生物产氢反应器（ASBR）中发现氮“丢失”现象,并对此产氢系统发生脱氮作用的机理和主要影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,在以葡萄糖为发酵底物的厌氧产氢系统中,微生物分别以铵和硫酸盐为电子供体和电子受体发生了硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化;进水有机物负荷和pH主要通过影响不同种微生物的活性而影响脱氮性能,氨氮和硫酸盐的浓度直接与氮素去除率有关。在最大产氢能力为16m3／（m3·d）、氢气体积百分比为65％的生物制氢系统中,最大脱氮效率约为64％。产氢效率与氮脱除率呈现负相关关系。研究表明,在控制条件下,可以实现高有机物废水厌氧脱除氨态氮,为生活污水直接厌氧脱氮开辟一条新途径。     

厌氧产氢ASBR对氮的脱除

在厌氧序批式人工有机污水生物产氢反应器(ASBR)中发现氮"丢失"现象,并对此产氢系统发生脱氮作用的机理和主要影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,在以葡萄糖为发酵底物的厌氧产氢系统中,微生物分别以铵和硫酸盐为电子供体和电子受体发生了硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化;进水有机物负荷和pH主要通过影响不同种微生物的活性而影响脱氮性能,氨氮和硫酸盐的浓度直接与氮素去除率有关。在最大产氢能力为16 m3/(m3·d)、氢气体积百分比为65%的生物制氢系统中,最大脱氮效率约为64%。产氢效率与氮脱除率呈现负相关关系。研究表明,在控制条件下,可以实现高有机物废水厌氧脱除氨态氮,为生活污水直接厌氧脱氮开辟一条新途径。     

Decolorization and biodegradation of dye wastewaters by a facultative-aerobic process

BACKGROUND: Dye wastewater is one of the main pollution sources of water bodies in China. Conventional biological processes are relatively ineffective for color removal, the development of alternative treatment methods will become important. Our subjective was that of introducing a new biotreatment technology which combined a facultative biofilm reactor (FBR) with an aerobic reactor (AR) to treat a dye wastewater. The efficiencies of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the mechanism of dye degradation were investigated. METHODS: The anthraquinone acid dye (acid blue BRLL) concentration, organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were varied in the experiments to evaluate the treatment efficiency and process stability. The biodegradation products were detected by infrared (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results demonstrated that the facultative biofilm process was more effective for decolorization than the anaerobic stage of an anaerobic-aerobic process. Most color removal occurred in the facultative reaction (maximum to 88.5%) and the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand): COD of the FBR effluent increased by 82.2%, thus improving the biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment. The dye concentration, OLR and HRT will be the factors affecting decolorization. Color removal efficiency falls as the influent dye concentration increases, but rises with increased HRT. The infrared and HPLC-MS analyses of the effluents of FBR and AR reveal that the dye parent compound was degraded in each reactor during the process. CONCLUSION: The Facultative-aerobic (F-A) system can effectively remove both color and COD from the dye wastewater. The FBR played an essential role in the process. The average overall color and COD in the system were removed by more than 93.9% and 97.1%, respectively, at an OLR of 1.1 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) and at the HRT of 18-20 hours in the FBR and 4-5 hours in the AR. The color removal mechanism in each reactor was not only a sort of biosorption on the floc materials, but even more an effect of biodegradation, especially in the facultative process. Recommendation and Outlook. In applying the F-A system to treat a dye wastewater, the control of facultative processes and the set up of appropriate operation conditions appear to be critical factors. Also, it is suggested a moderate COD loading rate and about a 24-hour HRT will favor the F-A system.     

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate during treatment of low-phosphorus-content wastewater.

To evaluate whether poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production and wastewater treatment could be combined in a single biological process, a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor was operated with sequential anaerobic and aerobic stages and removal of excess sludge at different stages of treatment. The reactor treated synthetic wastewater with a high organic and low nutrient content, simulating industrial wastewater. Chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was more than 90% in all cases. Poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate accumulation was significant, although it did not appear to be induced by oxygen limitations during the anaerobic stage. Sphaerotilus natans was apparently the dominant PHA-accumulating organism at the end of each reactor run and corresponded to a PHA accumulation of 16 to 20% of the total dry cell mass. Before S. natans dominated the reactors, PHA accumulation was approximately 17% when biomass was removed at the end of the aerobic stage and 6.6% when sludge removal also occurred during the anaerobic stage.     

厌氧—好氧反应系统处理含酚废水的研究

利用好氧污泥转厌氧驯化方法在厌氧复合床内接种培养，处理浓度为1000mg／L左右的含酚废水。研究结果表明，在水力停留时间1d，酚容积负荷1．06kg／（m3·d）的条件下，厌氧复合床内培养出颗粒污泥，处理效果明显提高，本酚去除率达98．7％，COD去除率达98．3％。此时后接一个好氧接触氧化柱，最终出水中检不出酚。     

Applications of two-phase anaerobic degradation in industrial wastewater treatment

Prospects for the phased anaerobic treatment of wastewater are extremely promising. With the variety of reactor designs available and the amenability of reactors to modification, existing treatment systems may be replaced or upgraded as required to achieve increased stability, higher loading capacities and greater process efficiencies than single-stage systems. In recent times, various reactor configurations and substrates are applied to two-phase anaerobic process. This paper reviews applications and studies of two-phase anaerobic degradation for wastewater treatment, sums up the performance of application to treating waste from distillery, landfill leachate, coffee, cheese whey and dairy, food, pulp and paper, sludge and solid, etc., and summarises reactor configurations, environmental and operational conditions, and comparisons of two-phase anaerobic digestion with other anaerobic reactors.     

啤酒废水常温厌氧消化启动及运行实验

采用自行设计的复合式厌氧反应器在常温下对啤酒废水进行了厌氧发酵产沼气的实验研究,将进水COD控制在5 000 mg/L左右,采取逐步缩短HRT的方法来提高进水有机负荷,结果表明,启动运行41 d之后,产气量上升速度加快,反应器成功启动运行;在稳定运行过程中,随着负荷的升高,产气量呈阶梯式渐次上升,COD去除率保持在90%以上,出水pH值维持在7.0左右,TSS去除率达到60%以上,出水水质较好,说明该反应器具有较好的厌氧消化处理有机废水的能力。