pH对低温除磷微生物种群与聚磷菌代谢的影响

在5°C条件下通过运行SBR生物除磷反应器和静态实验考察pH对低温生物除磷系统的影响。pH不仅影响生物除磷反应器的性能,而且也会影响生物除磷系统的微生物种群结构。在pH为6的条件下长期运行的生物除磷系统中聚糖菌大量存在;而在中性(pH=7)和弱碱性(pH=8)条件下,聚磷菌在活性污泥中占有优势地位。静态实验结果表明,当pH在6⁸.5之间变化时,聚磷污泥的厌氧释磷能力随pH的升高而提高。pH在68.5之间变化时,聚磷污泥的厌氧释磷能力随pH的升高而提高。pH在6⁸之间变化时,乙酸吸收和PHB的合成能力随着pH升高而加强,当pH升高到8.5时,PHB合成能力下降,从而抑制了好氧段磷酸盐的吸收。pH为8时,生物除磷系统实现了充分的释磷和吸磷,并取得了最好的除磷效果。     

污水生物除磷机理及其影响因素的研究

探讨了污水生物除磷的机理,对影响生物除磷的各种因素进行了分析研究.     

聚磷菌与聚糖菌竞争影响因素的研究进展

根据国内外文献的有关报道,综述了在强化生物除磷系统中聚糖菌与聚磷菌相互竞争的有关影响因素,并指出了今后的研究方向。     

一株嗜盐聚磷菌的筛选及除磷性能初探

从运行稳定的以生活污水为碳源的污泥中富集分离,并筛选出一株嗜盐聚磷菌qdp05,通过对菌株的形态、生理生化特征及16SrDNA序列进行分析后,鉴定该菌株qdp05为肠杆菌属.当碳源为乙酸钠,盐度为2%的条件下,好氧条件下培养48h后,qdp05对磷的最终去除率为87.8%.在厌氧好氧连续培养过程,qdp05表现出明显的...     

强化生物除磷体系中反硝化聚磷菌的选择与富集

采用SBR反应器 ,对以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌的选择和富集作了研究 .结果表明 ,反硝化聚磷菌存在于传统的强化生物除磷体系之中 .经过 3个阶段的选择和富集 ,反硝化聚磷菌在聚磷菌中的比例从 15 %上升到 73% .稳定运行的强化反硝化生物除磷体系具有良好的强化生物除磷和反硝化脱氮性能 ,缺氧结束时体系中磷浓度小于 1mg L ,除磷和脱氮效率分别大于 94 %和 95 % .     

缺氧条件下聚磷菌利用硝酸盐吸磷的研究

为配合某新型反硝化聚磷设备生物除磷脱氮工艺的生产试验，利用静态实验方法研究了聚磷菌在缺氧状态下以硝酸盐作氧供体时吸磷作用。实验表明，聚磷菌在缺氧条件下，会利用硝酸盐作氧供体进行吸磷，说明缺氧聚磷可代替传统的耗氧吸磷，但NO3-N浓度必须保持在0.4mg/L以上。实验还表明，不同的氮磷比对聚磷菌吸磷效果有影响，最佳氮磷比为3.2:1，此时磷的去除率可达100%，氮的去除率亦可达98%。     

废水生物除磷工艺中聚磷菌的作用机制及运行控制要点

介绍了废水生物除磷工艺中聚磷菌时废水中磷的释放及过量吸收积累的作用机制及有关聚磷菌的主要性能；并在此基础上结合生物除磷工艺的运行实际．深入分析探讨了获得最佳运行和处理效果所必须加以考虑的几个控制要点，解释了ＮＯ_３－Ｎ对磷释放产生抑制的原因。     

模拟光伏曝气SBR除磷性能及其聚磷菌群落结构

基于村落生活污水排水、日光昼夜变化和SBR(序批式反应器)运行方式的特点及强化生物除磷所需的交替厌氧/好氧环境,采用模拟光伏曝气SBR处理生活污水,考察反应器的除磷效果及机理,并采用PCR(聚合酶链式反应)和TA克隆考察反应器内PAO(聚磷菌)的群落结构. 结果表明,反应器在12 d内成功启动,TP去除率从35.4%逐渐升至98.8%,此后TP去除率一直稳定在97%以上,出水ρ(TP)小于0.1 mg/L. 在反应段末期,反应器污泥中w(TP)达60 mg/g以上,其中w(complex-P)(complex-P为胞内聚合磷)达到55.0 mg/g,而w(EPS-P)(EPS-P为胞外聚合物结合磷)所占比例<10%,表明EPS吸附对除磷的贡献很小,除磷主要通过PAO的释磷/吸磷过程实现. 所有PAO均属于“Candidatus Accumulibacter”世系,Ⅱ型Candidatus Accumulibacter(包括Clade ⅡA-Clade ⅡD)是反应器内主要的PAO,其在3个克隆文库(d30、d60、d90)中所占比例分别为80.0%、80.0%和76.7%.      

生物除磷系统的聚磷微生物种群及其检测方法

总结了强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统中的聚磷菌微生物学的研究成果,介绍了聚磷菌所涉及主要菌群的菌属分类情况及其生物特性,阐述了EBPR系统内聚磷菌微生物学研究的各种分离鉴定技术的特点,包括传统的微生物纯培养技术、染色与光学显微镜技术,现代分子及其扩展技术及组合技术等,并分析了各分子生物技术的应用情况。重点介绍了以Accumulibacter为主的聚磷菌形态学和代谢特性方面取得的研究进展,并对今后聚磷菌微生物学的研究和发展方向进行了论述。     

聚磷菌生物除磷机理研究进展

废水中过量磷酸盐是引起水体富营养化的主要原因之一,生物除磷是一项新型的水处理技术。聚磷菌生物在多聚磷酸盐的合成和降解过程中发挥重要作用。文章综述了目前聚磷菌生物除磷的生化机理,聚磷过程中涉及的主要酶类及磷酸盐转运过程相关基因的表达调控。     

CANNED工艺细菌种群结构变化的FISH研究

采用电镜观察和荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）,对亚硝化/电化学生物反硝化全自养脱氮（CANNED）工艺在不同游离氨（FA）质量浓度下反应器内细菌形态和种群结构进行了研究. 结果表明:在亚硝化段,ρ（FA）为0.5 mg/L时,氨氧化菌（AOB）和亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）分别占总菌数的0.9%和2.8%;ρ（FA）为12.4～48.6 mg/L时,AOB和NOB分别占33.6%～47.4%和1.0%～2.9%,能够实现短程硝化. 在电化学生物反硝化段,当ρ（FA）为0.5～12.4 mg/L时,脱氮硫杆菌、厌氧氨氧化菌和真细菌分别占总菌数的7.2%～15.3%,7.2%～10.3%和9.1%～14.3%;当ρ（FA）增加到48.6 mg/L时,上述3种细菌所占比例分别增加到总菌数的34.5%,44.2%和60.8%,表明随着ρ（FA）的增加,提高ρ（FA）有利于上述3种菌的生长,与SEM结果一致.      

采用FISH、DGGE和Cloning对短程脱氮系统中硝化菌群的比较分析

针对4种不同的实际污水短程生物脱氮系统(SBR大型中试反应器、UASB-A/O小型反应器、A/O中试反应器和SBR小型反应器),采用Fish、PCR-DGGE和PCR-Cloning-Sequencing分子生物学方法对系统中硝化菌群AOB和NOB进行定性与定量化分析.Fish结果表明,在4种短程脱氮系统中,AOB相比于NOB已成为明显的优势菌群,占总菌群的3%～12%;在SBR中试和小试反应器中没有检测出NOB;A/O中试反应器中存在极少量的Nitrospira(＜0.2%),而UASB-A/O小型反应器中存在极少量的Nitrobacteria(＜0.2%).PCR-DGGE结果表明SBR中试、A/O和UASB-A/O 3种短程脱氮系统中的AOB均以Nitrosomonas-like为主.SBR大型中试反应器中污泥样品的PCR-Cloning-Sequencing结果表明,所有的克隆相似于Nitrosomonas,其中60%以上的克隆相似于Nitrosomonas europaea.     

应用FISH法对污水生物处理系统中细菌数量的计数

近年来,FISH(Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization,荧光原位杂交)法作为一种应用分子生物学技术对细胞及细菌等微生物进行定性以及定量分析的研究方法,在国际上得到广泛的应用。本文介绍了应用FISH法对污水处理工艺中细菌数量的计数方法。同时介绍了活性污泥试样制作、FISH法观测试样的制作以及各种试剂的配制、作用以及使用方法,基因探针的选择原则、杂交方法等实际操作方法与过程。     

Familial X centromere variant resulting in false-positive prenatal diagnosis of monosomy X by interphase FISH

Interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis performed on uncultured amniotic fluid cells from a female fetus revealed a single signal using an X chromosome alpha-satellite probe, and the absence of any signal using a Y chromosome alpha-satellite probe. This result was initially interpreted as monosomy for the X chromosome in the fetus. Subsequent chromosome analysis from the cultured amniotic fluid cells showed two apparently normal X chromosomes. FISH using the X alpha-satellite probe on metaphase spreads revealed hybridization to both X chromosomes, although one signal was markedly reduced compared to the other. The same hybridization pattern was observed in the mother of the fetus. This is the first report of a rare familial X centromere variant resulting in a false-positive diagnosis of monosomy X by interphase FISH analysis for prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fully automated FISH examination of amniotic fluid cells

Objective Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis has become a valuable adjunct in cytogenetics, providing a rapid screen for common chromosome abnormalities that is particularly helpful in prenatal diagnosis. FISH analysis using standard microscopy is expensive and labor intensive, requiring both a high skill level and subjective signal interpretation. A reliable fully automated system for FISH analysis could improve laboratory efficiency and potentially reduce errors and costs. Methods The efficacy of an automated system was compared to standard manual FISH analysis. Two sets of slides were generated from each of 152 amniotic fluid samples. Following hybridization with a standard panel of five chromosome FISH probes, one set of slides was evaluated using manual microscopy. The other set was evaluated using an automated microscopy system. Results A diagnostic outcome was obtained for all 152 samples using manual microscopy and for 146 of 152 (96%) samples using automated microscopy. Three cases of aneuploidy were detected. For those samples for which a diagnostic outcome was determined by both manual and automated microscopy, 100% concordance was observed. All FISH analysis results were confirmed by karyotype. Conclusion These data suggest that an automated microscopy system is capable of providing accurate and rapid enumeration of FISH signals in amniocytes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用FISH和DGGE对产甲烷颗粒污泥中微生物种群的研究

利用FISH和DGGE技术对厌氧反应器内处于不同运行阶段的4个产甲烷颗粒污泥进行研究,考察其中真细菌和古细菌的种群结构,并对其中的优势古细菌进行系统发育分析.FISH结果表明,颗粒污泥中真细菌含量明显高于古细菌,真细菌主要分布在颗粒污泥外层,古细菌则主要分布在内层;DGGE结果表明,随着反应器COD负荷的增加以及运行时间的延长,真细菌种群结构相对较稳定,而古细菌种群结构则发生了较明显变化,其中占优势的古细菌种类逐渐减少;将有代表性的7个古细菌条带切胶回收并测序,结果显示,反应器运行后期占优势的菌种主要包括甲烷微粒菌(Methanocorpusculum)、甲烷杆菌(Methanobacterium)和甲烷髦毛菌(Methanosaeta)等.     

油田回注水中硫酸盐还原原核生物的快速检测和群落结构分析

利用荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术,采用荧光标记的rRNA探针及其组合对胜利油田胜利采油厂回注水中硫酸盐还原原核生物(Sulfate reducing prokaryotes,SRPs,包括硫酸盐还原细菌和硫酸盐还原古菌)进行检测,分析了该回注水中SRPs群落结构.结果表明:SRPs在胜利油田回注水中具有极高的种群多样性,广泛分布于4个细菌门和1个古菌门;总数可达2.86×104个/mL,占回注水中总微生物细胞的20%左右;其中优势菌属为脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)和脱硫肠状菌属(Desulfotomaculum),分别占回注水微生物总细胞数的8.71%(±4.45%),和12.15%(±3.90%).Desulfobacterales和Syntrophobacterales这2个目中的SRPs,Thermodesulfobacteriales以及Thermodesulfovibro属的SRPs分别占样品微生物总量的7.59%(±2.92%),3.57%(±1.39%)和2.32%(±0.80%).除此之外,也检测到了占微生物总量4.29%(±1.75%)的Archaeoglobus属的SRPs,证明了古菌类SRPs是回注水中一个不容忽视的硫酸盐还原微生物种群.FISH法能够快速、准确地检测回注水中SRPs数量,解析SRPs群落结构.     

Role of amniotic fluid interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in patient management

We retrospectively reviewed 309 amniotic fluid interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses performed from October 1995 to June 1999 to assess the role of interphase FISH in the management of patients at increased risk for fetal aneuploidies. Gestational age and indications for amniocentesis, clinical interventions after FISH results, as well as interventions after final culture reports were analyzed. There were 244 (79%) normal, 50 (16%) abnormal and 15 (5%) inconclusive FISH results. There were no false-positive or false-negative results, but there were nine (3%) clinically significant chromosomal abnormalities not detectable by FISH. Of the 50 women with abnormal FISH results, 26 (52%) elected to terminate the pregnancy prior to the availability of the standard chromosome analysis. In two of the fetuses with trisomy 21 no abnormalities were reported by ultrasound examination. Our experience indicates that interphase FISH results played an important role in decision making, especially for pregnancies close to 24 weeks' gestation. Standard karyotype analysis is still required for detection of chromosome abnormalities not detectable by interphase FISH techniques and for clarification of unusual or inconclusive FISH results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.