硫化物碘量法除SO_3~(2-)、S_2O_3~(2-)干扰的方法

本方法存硫化物碘量法的基础上,将含有SO_3~(2-)、S_2O_3~(2-)的硫化物待测样品通过酸化—吹气法处理后,加入甲醛溶液与吸收液中的SO_3~(2-)干扰组分反应生成稳定的羟甲基磺酸,隐蔽SO_3~(2-)、S_2O_3~(2-)(酸化—吹气时转化乃SO_3~(2-)进入吸收液)干扰。再按碘量法测定,达到消除SO_3~(2-)、S_2O_3~(2-)干扰的目的。对加干扰标样进行测定,效果良好,与原方法比较相对误差一般<1%,回收率可提高2～5%。     

Photoreaction of 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) urea in simulated atmosphere

Thephotoreactionofl-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea(ccu)in simulated atmosphere was studkd．Rate constants and half-lives of this compound in nitrogen，air and oxygen，upon irradiation with Xenon lamp，were determined．Statistical treatment ofexperimental results indicated that photoreactions in nitrogen and air were of the first order，while that in oxygen was closer to the second order．The main products of photoreaction of this compound were 2-chlorobenzamide，4-chlorophenyl urea，4-chloro aniline，and 2-chloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl)benzamide，and the possible pathways of photodecomposition were suggested．     

Zn~(2+)-S~(2-)-H_2O系热力学平衡研究

根据配位化学热力学平衡原理,绘制了温度为298.15K时Zn2+-S2--H2O系pC-pH热力学平衡状态图。结果表明:ZnS溶解平衡时,随着pH值的增加,ZnS的溶解度先减少后增加,当pH值为8.36时,ZnS的溶解度最小,为10-7.69mol/L;Zn(OH)2溶解平衡时,随着pH值的增加,Zn(OH)2的溶解度也呈现先减少后增加,当pH值在9.41时Zn(OH)2的溶解度最小,为10-5.61mol/L;体系中ZnS和Zn(OH)2二者固相溶解平衡时,当S2-Zn2(+mol)时,pH在0～14范围内只生成ZnS沉淀,不会产生Zn(OH)(2s)物质。研究结果可为硫化沉淀法去除废水中锌等技术提供理论依据。     

Adsorption leaching of l-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea in soil

A study of adsorption of l-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea(ccu)on fourtypes of soil was performed by using the batch slurry method．Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations of CCU in each soil were obtained and the method and the procedure were described in detail．At the same time，Freundlich adsorption coeffacient(K_{d)and organic carbon adsorption coefficient(Koc)were given for each soil．The leaching of CCU on different soils was also investigated under laboratory conditions．The results showed that CCU possesses a weak tendency of leaching to the deep layer of soil or contaminating the underground water．}     

2-羟基-1,4-萘醌介导Fe2+-STPP厌氧还原对硝基酚

通过投加Fe²⁺、三聚磷酸钠（STPP）、2-羟基-1,4-萘醌（LQ）,研究了厌氧水体环境中三者对对硝基酚（PNP）还原转化的作用规律,探究了不同因素对LQ介导Fe²⁺-STPP还原PNP的影响.结果表明,该实验体系在初始pH值为3~9时对PNP均有一定的还原效果;改变STPP浓度对还原PNP几乎无影响;随着LQ浓度或Fe²⁺浓度的增加,PNP的还原效果增强.机理研究表明,10min内Fe²⁺迅速将电子转移给LQ,58.4%的LQ接受电子后生成非醌类副产物,其余部分LQ接受电子变成半醌自由基中间体再将电子转移给PNP.Fe²⁺提供的电子仅有小部分用于PNP的还原,实验体系总体的电子利用率较低.     

Review the environm ental heimviour of insecticide 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea

The environmental behaviour of insecticide 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea(CCU) were studied．The results indicated that the insecticide concerning the risk assessment and safe for application of the chemical was not a long-persistent compound in the environment and degraded fastly in plant，soil，water and air．The maior degradation products of CCU were found to bc 4-chloroaniline，4-chlorophenyl urea， 2-chlorobenzamide， 2-chlorobenzoic acid， chloroisocyanatobenzene and 2-chloro-N-chlorophenyl benzamide．The study demonstrated that the insecticide would not be harmful to environment，especmuy to groundwater．However，attention should be paid to the potential problem caused by its degradation products．     

3,5-二硝基水杨酸表面修饰纳米Ti2吸附对硝基苯酚

化学吸附法合成3,5-二硝基水杨酸表面修饰的TiO₂纳米粒子,TiO₂表面修饰后呈浅黄色,TiO₂表面羟基与3,5-二硝基水杨酸发生类似于醇和酸间的酯化反应.表层链接有苯环,极性减弱,非极性增强,在水、苯、乙醇中均分散性良好,与芳香族污染物的亲合力增强,有利于吸附去除芳香族污染物.表面修饰的TiO₂纳米粒子20mg,在最佳吸附pH值3、吸附时间10min,对100mL对硝基苯酚(3～10 mg/L)的吸附率可由改性前的43%增至99.9%.该法吸附效率高,可直接达到一级排放标准,提供了深度处理对硝基苯酚废水的新方法.     

Fenton氧化降解2-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺的特性和动力学特征

为探究Fenton试剂氧化降解2-N（2-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺）的特性,通过实验室试验系统研究了初始pH、初始c（H₂O₂）、初始c（Fe2+）、初始ρ（2-N）和反应温度等因素对2-N去除率的影响以及动力学特征.结果表明:Fenton试剂氧化降解2-N效果显著,各试验组分别在初始pH为3.0、初始c（H₂O₂）为10 mmol/L、初始c（Fe2+）为1 mmol/L、初始温度为50℃、ρ（2-N）为100 mg/L时2-N的去除率相对最高,其降解过程均符合二级动力学模型;2-N去除率随温度的升高而增大,基于在不同温度下的速率常数,推导出了2-N降解的阿伦纽斯（Arrhenius Equation）经验表达式,得到Fenton氧化2-N的活化能为30.23 kJ/mol.研究显示,经Fenton氧化后,2-N分子断链开环,生成多种小分子酸,最终降解为二氧化碳和水.      

Pb(NO3)2与CPC共存对沉积物吸附对硝基苯酚的影响

选取Pb(NO3)2、氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、对硝基苯酚为代表污染物,试验了重金属与表面活性剂共存对有机物在沉积物上吸附行为的影响.结果表明:Pb(NO3)2的存在减弱了CPC的增强吸附效应,Pb(NO3)2和CPC共存对对硝基苯酚的吸附产生拮抗效应.在固定CPC初始浓度不变的情况下,拮抗效应随Pb(NO3)2初始浓度增大而加强.同时,拮抗效应也取决于CPC的浓度.当CPC初始浓度小于3 000mg/L(平衡浓度低于临界胶束浓度CMC)时,这种拮抗效应尤为明显;随着表面活性剂浓度的继续增加,拮抗效应减弱,并逐渐趋向于CPC的独立效应机理探讨表明,共存体系中,Pb2 与CPC在同一吸附点位不存在竞争吸附.     

受甲苯硝基衍生物(HT)影响的工人健康状况

作者在一个现代生产条件的化学企业、对甲苯硝基衍生物(HT)有接触的247名工人进行了调查,这些工人大部份是机器管理工。其生产过程,完全没有防护设备。车间空气,HT 浓度高出“容许限值”的3—6倍;亦未排除工作人员皮肤受到 HT 污染的可能性。对照组,系同一企业而未接触有毒物质的工人组成。在性别、年龄方面与观察组相同。     

海藻酸钠-钙-铁凝胶球对Cr_2O_7~(2-)吸附的研究

本实验对海藻酸钠在氯化钙、氯化铁溶液中的成球特性,以及对SA-Ca、SA-Fe、SA-Ca-Fe凝胶球吸附Cr2O72-特性进行了研究。结果表明,SA-Ca凝胶球对Cr2O72-没有吸附能力,SA-Fe和SA-Ca-Fe凝胶球对Cr2O72-去除率均达到97%以上,但SA-Fe凝胶球成球性差,机械强度低,易碎。SA-Ca-Fe凝胶球吸附Cr2O72-符合Langmuir型,其最大吸附量为13.497mg/g。吸附属于单分子层吸附,凝胶球网络中的Fe3+与溶液中Cr2O72-发生化学反应,生成Fe2(Cr2O7)3。     

用1-(2-吡啶偶氮)—2-萘酚改性硅胶富集天然水中痕量铜

用螯合剂改性硅胶富集和分离痕量金属铜离子已有报道。本文报道了用吸附1-(2—吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)的改性硅胶(PAN-SG)富集并测定天然水中痕量Cu~(2+)的工作。 实验部分 1.试剂和仪器 Cu~(2+)标准溶液(1.018mg/ml,0.500mg/ml);PAN的乙醇溶液(3.407×10~-_3mol/L,2.5×10~(-3)mol/L);Britton-Robison(B.R.)缓冲液(0.02mol/L,pH1.8     

Fe~(2+)/S_2O_8~(2-)氧化法改善污泥脱水性能研究

采用亚铁离子活化过硫酸盐调理污泥,探究其对污泥脱水性能的影响。以CST降低率和污泥沉降比为评价指标,借助响应面法的Box-Behnken试验设计,考察各实验因素对污泥脱水性能的交互影响,确定最优工艺条件,并对脱水机理进行分析。结果表明:Na_2S_2O_8投加量为125.24 mg/g DS,Fe~(2+)投加量为32.86 mg/g DS,pH值为6.8时,CST降低率达到89.35%,污泥脱水性能最好,三因素交互作用明显。对调理前后污泥样品的分析测试结果表明,该过程主要是Fe~(2+)活化激发S_2O_8~(2-)产生强氧化自由基SO_4~-·,将团聚紧密的污泥絮体破解为碎片状,形成孔洞结构,附着在污泥颗粒上的胞外聚合物发生溶解,这些变化有利于结合水的脱除。     

Preconcentration and determination of trace copper(II) in natural water using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol

Trace copper (II) in water can be preconcentrated using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and be determined spectrophotometri-cally. The conditions for the preconcentration were studied. The method was applied to both artificial and natural water samples and the results suggest that copper (II) of ppb level in water can be measured accurately after the preconcentration.     

ABR反应器中COD/SO_4~(2-)值和硫酸盐负荷对SO_4~(2-)去除影响

利用厌氧折流板反应器,分别考察了反应器启动,及不同COD/SO42-比值和硫酸盐负荷对模拟废水中SO42-去除的影响。实验在(32±0.1)℃,pH为6.0⁶.5的条件下连续运行。结果表明:ABR经过约90 d的启动驯化阶段后,进水硫酸盐及COD浓度分别为1 500 mg/L和3 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h条件下,硫酸盐去除率达到了92%。固定COD/SO42-比值为2.5时,随着进水SO42-浓度的增加(1 5006.5的条件下连续运行。结果表明:ABR经过约90 d的启动驯化阶段后,进水硫酸盐及COD浓度分别为1 500 mg/L和3 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h条件下,硫酸盐去除率达到了92%。固定COD/SO42-比值为2.5时,随着进水SO42-浓度的增加(1 500³ 500 mg/L),SO42-去除率逐渐下降,最低为60%,相反SO42-去除速率随着硫酸盐浓度的增加而增加,最大为7.98 kg(/m3.d);维持恒定的硫酸盐浓度(1 500 mg/L),逐渐缩短水力停留时间以提高反应器中硫酸盐负荷,SO42-去除率呈现先上升后下降的复杂变化趋势,当水力停留时间为6 h时,SO42-去除率达到最大;随着COD/SO42-比值的提高,硫酸盐去除能力增强,且反应体系对硫酸盐负荷的耐受能力也逐渐增强。     

光气(COCL_2)

光气又称碳铣氯,无色气体,有腐草臭味,比重1.392,微溶于水,并逐渐水解,较易溶于苯、甲苯等。用于有机合成。光气是剧烈的刺激性毒气,高浓度吸入可致肺水肿,毒性比氯气大10倍,作用较持久,在生产条件下以急性中毒为主。中毒症     

Hydrolysis of l-(2-chlorobenzoy|)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) urea in aquatic system

The degradation of the insect growth regulator 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea (CCU)was studied both in distilled water and in buffer solution．The experimental results indicated that CCU is not stable in aqueous solution and easily decomposes in alkaline water．At pH 6 and pH 10，the half lives (T_v2)of hydrolysis arc about 9 days and 2 days，respectively．The rate of hydrolysis increases as either the concentration of alkalinity or temperature increases．At [NaOH]=0.01865 mol/L，with every lO^oC increase in temperature，the reaction rate increases about 3 times．the activation energy for hydrolysis is 7l.56 kJ/mol．Basic catalyzed degradation of CCU at levels greatly above its solubility in water resulted in rapid degradation to as many as four identified products：(4-chlorophenyl)urea，2-chlorobenzoic acid，2-chlorobenzamide，and 4-chloroaniline．The major products were(4-chlorophenyl)urea and 2-chlorobenzoic acid．     

2,6-二叔丁基-4-硝基苯酚与镉(Ⅱ)联合暴露对水生生物急性毒性的影响及生态风险评估

为探究消毒副产物(DBPs)与其他物质联合暴露对水生生物的影响,选取一种新型芳香族消毒副产物-2,6-二叔丁基-4-硝基苯酚(DBNP)和一种典型重金属离子-镉(Ⅱ)(Cd²⁺)为模型化合物,研究了其单独和联合暴露条件下对斜生四链藻、大型溞、稀有鮈鲫的急性毒性,并评估了其单独及联合暴露情况下的生态风险.结果表明:DBNP对大型溞、稀有鮈鲫的急性毒性值小于1mg/L,属于全球化学品统一分类和标签制度中极毒类物质(Ⅰ类).DBNP与Cd²⁺联合暴露对三测试物种均表现拮抗效应.基于浓度加和假设的联合风险商值法会高估具有拮抗作用的联合暴露风险.采用证据权重法修正的联合风险商值法可正确评估具有拮抗作用的联合暴露风险.     

Study on the photoreaction of 1-(2-chlorohenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl 1 urea in methanol

A photoreaction of 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea(CCU)m methanol was studied．Rate constants of its reactions，which are found both of the first order，in methanol solution saturated with N₂ or O₂ upon irradiation with xenon lamp,are determined to be O,118 and O.129 h^-1，respectively．Its half life changes from 5.37 to 4.42 h when the light intensity is changed from O.50 to O.62 cal/cm²．min．The main photoproducts identified arc 2-chloro-benzamide．N-phenyl methylearbamate，N-(4-chlorophenyl) methylcarbamate，4-chlorophenyl urea and others．Meanwhile．the mechanism of the photochemical reaction of this compound in methanol was discussed．