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1.
This study described an invitro experiment on biotransformation of 2,6-DIPN in carp hepatopancreas. It has already been revealed by the previous invivo studies to be metabolized with enzymatic oxidation in the liver and been postulated a metabolic pathway. These results were confirmed by means of incubation with 2,6-DIPN in carp hepatic microsome preparation with NADPH, and G-6-P as co-factor. It was suggested that DIPN may be mainly metabolized in the hepatic cytochrome P-450 in the microsomes system. The kinetic parameters i.e. apparent Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax), in the metabolites formation were also calculated.  相似文献   

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Euphorbia lathyris L., was treated for 24 h. with 0.1, 1 and 10 ppm chlortoluron. The induction kinetic of the fluorescence on the whole leaf was registered during the following 15 days. A recovery of E. lathyris seedlings and an accumulation of chlortoluron in leaves was observed. The fluorescence levels obtained on the leaves emerged after the treatments were similar to the one observed on the control plants. This explains the detoxification mechanism as an accumulation of chlortoluron in the leaves present during the treatment.  相似文献   

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The kinetics of oxidation of methylhydrazine (MMH) and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) by dissolved oxygen in water has been measured at various acidities as a function of catalyst (cupric ion) concentration. In dilute solutions the oxidation occurs through a cupric ion catalyzed process as well as by an uncatalyzed step. The extent of formation of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) depends upon the initial UDMH concentration. In dilute solutions NDMA is not formed, but in more concentrated solutions, NDMA formation increases with increasing UDMH content, reaches a maximum at 60–80% UDMH (by volume) and then decreases. The NDMA yield appears to approximately parallel the viscosity of the medium, and it is speculated that the factors which control viscosity may also be responsible for governing NDMA formation.  相似文献   

6.
C.M. Tu 《Chemosphere》1981,10(1):127-134
A study of the effect of 5 fungicide seed treatments on alfalfa (Medicagosativa L. var. Vernal) growth and nodulation by Rhizobiummeliloti 102F66 was conducted in a growth chamber. Captan, maneb and thiram exhibited greater toxicity to R. meliloti and alfalfa plants than that of benomyl and zineb. Recovery of the inhibitory effect was rapid.  相似文献   

7.
A single intraperitoneal administration of tin (II) tartrate to albino rats (2 mg Sn++100 g body wt) depressed the levels of hepatic glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and total sulfhydryl contents and led to an elevated level of tin. Serum aminotransferase levels were however, not affected but an increase in serum bilirubin and calcium levels was noticed.Invitro studies showed that tin tartrate upto a concentration of 2 uM did not affect the activity of liver enzymes tested, when the enzyme preparations were incubated with metallic salts during the time of assay. The critical concentration of tin for these parameters was at 5 uM.  相似文献   

8.
The photolysis of methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate (Carbendazim, 1) in methanol and in the presence of singlet oxygen, was studied. Dimethyl oxalate 4, 2-aminobenzimidazole 7, benzimidazole 9, N,N′-dicarbomethoxyguanidine 13, monocarbomethoxyguanidine 14, monocarbomethoxyurea 15, and 2-guanidinobenzimidazole 17, were isolated and identified in this reaction.A mechanism that accounts for the formation of the photoreaction products, is presented.  相似文献   

9.
A new way of detecting trace elements in water is developed by using charged Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis of cell walls of Chara corallina, a fresh water alga.  相似文献   

10.
C.M. Tu 《Chemosphere》1982,11(10):1027-1033
The relative toxicity of 23 pesticides, including 21 fungicides and two pyrethroid insecticides, on Rhizobiumjaponicum, four soybean pathogens, Fusariumoxysporum, Phytophthoramegasperma, Phytophthoraparasitica and Pythiumultimum, and germination of soybean seeds was compared with a highly toxic broad spectrum germicide, HgCl2 under laboratory conditions.  相似文献   

11.
Methods were developed for estimating the equilibrium sorption behavior of hydrophobic pollutants. At low pollutant concentration (aqueous phase concentration less than half the solubility), sorption isotherms were linear, reversible, and characterized by a partition coefficient, Kp. Partition coefficients normalized to organic carbon, KOC (KOC = Kpfraction organic carbon), were highly invariant over a set of sediments and soils collected from throughout the nation. Equations for estimating KOC from water solubility (including crystal energy) and octanol/water partition coefficients were developed. The predictive equations were tested on literature sorption data and found to estimate measured KOC's generally within a factor of two.  相似文献   

12.
We have studied the acute toxicity of fluoride ion to Gasterosteus aculeatus, Pimephales promelas, and juvenile Salmo gairdneri. LC50 values varied with species and (due to precipitation) initial water hardness. Exposure to elevated fluoride levels in water resulted in increased blood fluoride levels in Salmo gairdneri.  相似文献   

13.
The growth of Anabaenainaequalis was significantly inhibited by Cd2+ concentrations greater than 0.02 ppm (μg/ml) and completely inhibited at 0.06 ppm (Day 12). Cadmium had no significant effect upon the lag phase of growth or the culture doubling time, but caused the retardation phase to arrive sooner. One ppm Cd2+ significantly inhibited the rates of both photosynthesis and acetylene reduction, by A. inaequalis, with complete inhibition at 4 and 20 ppm respectively. Cell sensitivity increased directly with exposure time. Cadmium caused some cell lysis of A. inaequalis and induced an increase in filament length, heterocyst frequency, and a loss of cellular contents from filament apical cells. The cellular abnormalities observed and the fact that toxicity increased with longer exposure times, suggested that metal toxicity resulted from effects of Cd2+ taken up by cells rather than Cd2+ at the cell surface.  相似文献   

14.
A mixture of ten metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se and Zn) at the Great Lakes Water Quality Objective levels was found to reduce the primary productivity of four cultured freshwater algae (Scenedesmus, Chlorella, Anabaena and Navicula) as well as natural phytoplankton from Lake Ontario water. The metal mixture also caused a reduction in the reproduction and transport of an amino acid analogue (α-aminoisobutyric acid) by Ankistrodesmus. The depuration and exchange of the amino acid analogue were not affected by the metal mixture. The nitrogenase activity of Anabaena was, however, reduced in the presence of the metal mixture.  相似文献   

15.
Photolysis (254 nm, 72h) of 1-nitro-2-phenylnaphthalene 1 in methanol gave 2-phenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-monoxime 2, 2,2′-diphenyl-4,4′-binaphth-1,1′-diol 3 and 2,2′-diphenyl-4,4′-binaphth-1,1′-dione 4. Straightforward reactions available to the environment account for the formation of the products: (a) isomerisation of the nitro compound into a nitrite ester followed by either (a) migration of the nitroso group and isomerisation into the oxime 2 or (b) oxidative coupling and solvolysis into the binaphthol 3 and followed by oxidation into the binaphthone 4.  相似文献   

16.
P. Miramand  M. Unsal 《Chemosphere》1978,7(10):827-832
Acute toxicity of vanadium to some marine benthic and phytoplanktonic speciesThe acute toxicity of vanadium as sodium metavanadate to three benthic (Carcinusmaenas, Mytilusgalloprovincialis, and Nereisdiversicolor) and three phytoplankton species (Dunaliellamarina, Prorocentrummicans and Asterionellajaponica) were studied. In general the phytoplankton were found to be more sensitive than the benthic organisms used in our experiments. Considering the results from LC50 (9 days) experiments, the organisms, can be classified in the following decreasing order of sensitivity: D. marina (0.5 ppm), A. japonica (2 ppm), P. micans (3 ppm), N. diversicolor (10 ppm), C. maenas (35 ppm), M. galloprovincialis (65 ppm).  相似文献   

17.
J.H. Canton  W. Slooff 《Chemosphere》1982,11(9):891-907
The toxicity of nitrolotriacetic acid (NTA), citrex-S-5, sodium alluminium silicate (NAS), carboxymethyloxysuccinate (CMOS), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and soap was examined using bacteria (Pseudomonasfluorescens), algae (Chlorellavulgaris and Microcystisaeruginosa), crustaceans (Daphniamagna), insects (Aedesaegypti), fishes (Poeciliareticulata and Oryziaslatipes) and amphibians (Xenopuslaevis). The biodegradability of NTA, citrex-S-5, CMOS and LAS was studied in the OECD-test.The acute toxicity of the compounds differed largely with the organisms tested (up to a factor 1,000). Based on the results of the short-term toxicity tests (with all test organisms) and the long-term toxicity tests (with Daphniamagna and in case of LAS also with Poeciliareticulata) the following no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC) could be derived: LAS 3.2 mg/1; NAS and soap 10 mg/1; CMOS 32 mg/1; NTA 100 mg/1 and citrex-S-5 320 mg/1. However, testing different samples of one test compound may result in marked differences in toxicity (e.g. NAS: a factor 32).All compounds tested showed to be biodegradable as the percentage DOC decreased more than 80% within four weeks. CMOS biodegraded quickly, whereas citrex-S-5 and LAS showed a somewhat slower rate of degradation. In contrast to the other compounds NTA required an adaptation period of 1 week.  相似文献   

18.
For the determination of the quantum yields of 1,2,3,4,7-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1) and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2), ten Pyrex glass photochemical cells were constructed and their correction factors determined. Quantum yields at 313 nm for 1 and 2 in aqueous acetonitrile (4:6 v/v) were (9.781 ± 2.376) 10?5 and (1.096 ± 0.020) × 10?4, respectively. These quantum yields and the measured absorption spectra were used to estimate the environmental phototransformation first-order rate constants and photochemical half-lives of 1 and 2 in water under conditions of variable sunlight intensity during various seasons from solar intensity data available in the literature. In summer, typical half-lives for the phototransformation of 1 and 2, respectively, near the surface of water bodies at 40° north latitude would be 364 ± 88 and 151 ± 3 h; whilst such values in winter would be 1257 ± 309 and 518 ± 10 h.  相似文献   

19.
Daniel Barug 《Chemosphere》1981,10(10):1145-1154
The degradation of the biocide bis (tributyltin) oxide by pur cultures of microorganisms has been studied. Attempts to isolate microorganisms able to utilize bis (tributyltin) oxide as sole carbon source, were unsuccessful. Of many bacterial species investigated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alcaligenes faecalis degraded sublethal amounts of bis (tributyltin) oxide during aerobic growth in the presence of suitable carbon sources. P. aeruginosa converted bis (tributyltin) oxide into monobutyltin and small amounts of dibutyltin derivatives. Similar results were obtained with growing mycelium of Coniophora puteana, Trametes versicolor and Chaetomium globosum. Microbial conversion of monobutyltin trichloride was not observed. Dibutyltin dichloride was converted into monobutyltin derivatives under certain sterile conditions.  相似文献   

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