偶氮染料生产废水的处理工艺技术研究

偶氮染料废水具有高COD_Cr、高色度、有机物成分复杂等特点。根据清污分流的原则,确定处理工艺方案为:首先对高浓度偶氮染料工艺废水采用中和—电解—臭氧氧化进行预处理后,再与低浓度废水按比例混合混凝处理。经大量工艺实验确定全流程工艺条件为:废水pH中性、电解电压10V、电流密度0.018A/cm2、电解时间2h,O₃氧化时间为2h,混凝剂环保1#和3#浓度各为250mg/L。COD_Cr、色度的去除率分别可以达到99.6%,99.9%。可以达标排放。      

曝气循环微电解工艺预处理印染废水的研究

实验采用曝气循环微电解工艺预处理印染废水.结果表明:在曝气量为1.0 m3/h、循环时间6 h、进水pH值为3,V(Fe)∶V(C)为1∶1、反应温度为55℃、循环流速1 L/min的最佳条件下,印染废水的色度及COD去除率分别达到95.0%和68.0%.该工艺对印染废水具有较好的去除效果,是一种廉价、简便的预处理方法.     

催化吹脱耦合A/O工艺处理高浓度脂肪胺废水

为了实现高浓度脂肪胺废水的资源化利用,采用催化吹脱耦合A/O工艺对脂肪胺废水进行处理。考察了温度、时间、pH值、催化剂投加量因素对吹脱效果的影响。试验结果表明:进水ρ(COD)为2 000~3 000 mg/L,温度为50℃,时间为2 h,pH值为11,催化剂投加量为5%的条件下,催化吹脱TKN去除率为83%。经催化吹脱工艺处理后废水采用A/O工艺处理,出水各项指标均达到国家污水综合排放一级标准,催化吹脱耦合A/O工艺对脂肪胺废水的处理是可行的。     

吹脱法回收源分离尿液中氨氮的试验研究

针对含有高浓度氨氮的源分离尿液,采用吹脱-硫酸吸收工艺回收其中的氨氮。研究了pH、吹脱温度、进气流量以及吹脱时间对吹脱效率及酸吸收效率的影响,并通过正交试验确定最优工艺条件。结果表明:在pH为11.5,进气流量为400 L/h,温度55℃下吹脱2.5 h,氨氮吹脱率大于96.5%,吸收效率100%,即可通过液体硫酸铵的形式回收黄水中96.5%的氨氮。     

折流旋转床吹脱含氨废水实验研究

应用折流式旋转床吹脱高浓度含氨废水,研究了在不同的工艺条件下,各工艺参数,如气液比、旋转填料床转速、温度等对含氨废水氨去除率的影响.研究表明:折流旋转填料床具有压降小、高传质性能,用于处理含氨废水能有效地提高氨去除率;在温度为23℃、pH为11左右,液体流量为60L/h、气体流量为160m2/h、转鼓转速为800 r/min的条件下,用旋转填料床处理含氨5 000mg/L废水的单程吹脱率可达82%;单元传质高度为36mm.     

维生素B1制药废水的铁炭微电解-混凝预处理工艺

针对维生素B1制药废水高有机物浓度、高悬浮物、色度高、难降解的特点,采用铁炭微电解-混凝工艺对其进行预处理,效果良好。铁炭微电解-混凝工艺的最佳运行条件为:进水pH值为4,铁炭比为1∶1,曝气量为0.2m3/h的情况下停留时间80min。出水CODCr浓度平均为1600mg/L,去除率约为79%,色度去除率为85%,出水达到了(GB8978-1996)二级排放标准。     

沉淀法、吹脱法处理高浓度味精废水试验研究

本研究分别采用混凝沉淀法和吹脱法处理高浓度味精废水。试验结果表明 ,用碱式氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺作为混凝剂和助凝剂处理 ,对废水中氨氮其去除率小于 10 % ;磷酸铵镁沉淀法氨氮去除率最大可达 6 3% ;吹脱法在 p H>9.5、温度 >5 0℃条件下吹脱 6 h后吹脱效率即可达 5 0 %以上 ,吹脱所需费用为 7.36元 / t,而且吹脱过程中 SO42 - 也被大幅度削减 ,因此应用于实际生产是一种较为可行的方法     

稀土硫铵废水高浓度氨氮回收试验研究

研究采用预处理和两级吹脱的方法处理稀土硫铵废水,并回收氨氮。试验结果表明,每吨废水投加7.7gCaO进行预处理,可以将废水的pH值提高到12.1,同时硬度可降低91.8%;一级吹脱在pH>12、气液比6000条件下,吹脱3h氨氮去除率可达97%以上;二级吹脱在pH>11.3、气液比4000条件下,吹脱2h氨氮去除率可达86.2%以上,出水满足排放标准。两级吹脱出的氨氮用浓硫酸吸收,可生成硫酸铵17.39g/t废水。     

微电解-生化工艺在硝基苯废水处理中的协同作用

采用微电解与生化工艺结合处理硝基苯废水。通过微电解提高废水的可生化性 ,使废水的BOD5 CODCr由 0 11提高至 0 2 6 ;利用H O工艺进行后续处理 ,在H柱水力停留时间为 2 0h ,O柱水力停留时间为 10h的条件下 ,废水的总CODCr去除率为 86 % ,硝基苯的去除率为 99%     

富马酸生产废水治理技术应用研究

采用"铁碳微电解+pH中和+固液分离+催化氧化+氨氮吹脱+厌氧+好氧"工艺处理富马酸生产废水。总处理水量为100t/d;进水水质:COD:13600mg/L、氨氮:550mg/L、色度:100倍。经该工艺处理后,废水中的COD、氨氮等指标均能达标排放。     

Particle size distribution and removal by a chemical-biological flocculation process

The particle characterization from the influent and effluent of a chemical-biological flocculation （CBF） process was studied with a laser diffraction device. Water samples from a chemically enhanced primary treatment （CEPT） process and a primary sediment tank process were also analyzed for comparison. The results showed that CBF process was not only effective for both the big size particles and small size particles removal, but also the best particle removal process in the three processes. The results also indicated that CBF process was superior to CEPT process in the heavy metals removal. The high and non-selective removal for heavy metals might be closely related to its strong ability to eliminate small particles. Samples from different locations in CBF reactors showed that small particles were easier to aggregate into big ones and those disrupted flocs could properly flocculate again along CBF reactor because of the biological flocculation.     

Application of a hybrid gravity-driven membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation (MDOF) process for wastewater reclamation and membrane fouling mitigation

This study proposed a novel membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation integrated(MDOF) process and tested it at pilot scale. Membrane filtration in the MDOF process was operated in gravity-driven mode, and required no backwashing, flushing, or chemical cleaning. Because ozone was added in the MDOF process, ozonation, coagulation, and membrane filtration could occur in a single reactor. Moreover, in situ ozonation occurred in the MDOF process, which differs from the conventional pre-ozonation membrane filtration process. Significant enhancement of turbidity removal was further achieved through the addition of membrane filtration. Membrane fouling was mitigated in the MDOF process compared to the MDAF process. In situ ozonation in the MDOF process decreased the fluorescence intensity and transformed the high MW dissolved organics into small MW compounds. For the fouling layer, the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) contents and cake layer morphology were analyzed. The results indicated that the contents of EPS decreased. Furthermore, a thinner and more loosely structured cake layer formed in the MDOF process. Because coagulation and ozonation occurred simultaneously in a single reactor, the generation of hydroxyl radicals was enhanced through the catalytic effect of Al-based coagulants on ozone decomposition, which further alleviated membrane fouling in the MDOF process.     

交替式活性污泥法工艺研究与应用进展

交替式活性污泥法是近年来发展起来的一种新的污水处理工艺,它在一个反应器或一组反应器中通过时间或空间的交替实现对污水的处理。从最基本的形式到后来的各种变形,交替式活性污泥法工艺在控制系统、运行模式上都发展迅速。文章首先给出了交替式活性污泥法的特点,并在此基础上分别对三沟式氧化沟、UNITANK工艺、交替式内循环活性污泥工艺（AICS）和五箱一体化活性污泥工艺这几种典型的交替式活性污泥法进行了概述,最后提出了交替式活性污泥法的问题和其发展方向。交替式活性污泥法工艺是一种高效、经济、灵活的污水处理工艺,具有很好的应用前景。     

高氨氮废水与城市生活污水短程硝化系统菌群比较

短程硝化是污水脱氮工艺中的重要环节,系统中的菌群结构决定了其处理效果.为探讨短程硝化系统中的微生物对不同污水的适应性,利用细菌16S rDNA克隆文库、磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)和定量PCR分析方法对高氨氮废水和城市生活污水短程硝化系统中活性污泥的细菌群落结构、总体微生物的多样性以及功能微生物进行了比较.克隆文库结果表明两个系统中细菌群落结构明显不同,城市生活污水中细菌种类更丰富,但两个系统的优势菌群都属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete).磷脂脂肪酸分析结果显示高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中微生物多样性指数和均匀度指数明显低于城市生活污水.定量PCR结果表明,高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中氨氧化菌(AOB)与亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的数量都多于城市生活污水短程硝化系统;高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中AOB比NOB高3个数量级,而城市生活污水短程硝化系统中AOB比NOB高2个数量级.     

净水工艺对饮用水生物稳定性控制的研究

利用现场中试装置,系统比较了预处理单元、常规处理单元及深度处理单元中可生物降解有机物BDOC和AOC的生成和去除特性.结果表明:常规工艺+活性炭过滤对CODMn的去除率仅能达到30%,无法有效保证出水水质要求,而常规工艺+臭氧活性炭可以很好地满足水质标准,去除率可达50%以上.以控制生物稳定性为目的时,氧化剂的投加会增加AOC和BDOC浓度,降低生物稳定性.不投加氧化剂,直接采用常规工艺+普通活性炭过滤可将出水AOC含量控制在50μg/L以下.但要实现对COD_Mn和生物稳定性的同时控制,常规工艺+臭氧+生物活性炭的工艺组合是本研究中的最佳工艺组合.     

Dimpling process in cold roll metal forming by finite element modelling and experimental validation

The dimpling process is a novel cold-roll forming process that involves dimpling of a rolled flat strip prior to the roll forming operation. This is a process undertaken to enhance the material properties and subsequent products’ structural performance while maintaining a minimum strip thickness. In order to understand the complex and interrelated nonlinear changes in contact, geometry and material properties that occur in the process, it is necessary to accurately simulate the process and validate through physical tests. In this paper, 3D non-linear finite element analysis was employed to simulate the dimpling process and mechanical testing of the subsequent dimpled sheets, in which the dimple geometry and material properties data were directly transferred from the dimpling process. Physical measurements, tensile and bending tests on dimpled sheet steel were conducted to evaluate the simulation results. Simulation of the dimpling process identified the amount of non-uniform plastic strain introduced and the manner in which this was distributed through the sheet. The plastic strain resulted in strain hardening which could correlate to the increase in the strength of the dimpled steel when compared to plain steel originating from the same coil material. A parametric study revealed that the amount of plastic strain depends upon on the process parameters such as friction and overlapping gap between the two forming rolls. The results derived from simulations of the tensile and bending tests were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The validation indicates that the finite element analysis was able to successfully simulate the dimpling process and mechanical properties of the subsequent dimpled steel products.     

Particle size distribution and removal in the chemical-biological flocculation process

The particle characterization from the influent and effluent of a chemical-biological flocculation (CBF) process was studied with a laser diffraction device. Water samples from a chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and a primary sediment tank process were also analyzed for comparison. The results showed that CBF process was not only effective for both the big size particles and small size particles removal, but also the best particle removal process in the three processes. The results also indicated that CBF process was superior to CEPT process in the heavy metals removal. The high and non-selective removal for heavy metals might be closely related to its strong ability to eliminate small particles. Samples from different locations in CBF reactors showed that small particles were easier to aggregate into big ones and those disrupted flocs could properly flocculate again along CBF reactor because of the biological flocculation.     

Towards cleaner degreasing method in industries: ultrasound-assisted aqueous degreasing process in leather making

Studies on ultrasound-assisted processes are gaining importance due to its effectiveness and facilitating green method in processing. Degreasing of skin/hide prior to tanning process is an important unit operation. Presence of large amounts of natural fat at the interior of skin/hide matrix makes degreasing process a challenging one. Conventionally, organic solvent and/or detergent based degreasing process are employed leading to environmental problems. In the present paper, the use of power ultrasound in aqueous degreasing process has been studied and compared with different degreasing systems. Glutaraldehyde pre-tanning has also been employed for carrying out the degreasing process at ultrasonic bath temperature. The results indicate that there is a significant increase in the degreasing efficiency due to the application of ultrasound. About 2-fold increase in fat removal has been observed due to the use of ultrasound as compared to control under the given process conditions. Comparing the degreasing efficiencies of the solvent with aqueous based ultrasonic processes, about 80% of the solvent degreasing efficiency could be obtained for aqueous degreasing process. This novel ultrasonic process helps in making aqueous degreasing process a viable option, which is eco-friendly even dispensing with temperature control measures.     

DEST工艺在城市污水处理中的应用

选择合适的污水处理工艺对污水处理厂的建设与运行有着关键的作用,通过对DEST工艺原理进行了介绍,同时结合某县污水厂工程实例对该工艺的设计参数、工艺特点进行了详细介绍和分析,并提出了该工艺的适用性以及设计中应注意的一些问题。     

SBR工艺脱氮设计的研究

SBR工艺在有效去除水中有机物的同时,兼顾脱氮除磷,不需要新增反应器,是一种高效、经济、管理简便,适用于中小水量的水处理工艺。该工艺的脱氮设计目前尚无一套完整的,公认的设计方法,本研究介绍了一种SBR工艺处理含氮污水的脱氮设计方法(如生物过程设计、水力设计),从而确定SBR工艺中的相关关键设计参数。