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陕西省灾害保险赔案分析及防灾减灾 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
一般情况下,保险公司的赔案情况可以大体反映该区的灾害发生情况,本文通过对陕西省1985~1998年间的企业财产险、家庭财产险、机动车辆险、农业种植险等四个保险险种的赔案数据整理,并在对赔案状况、不同险种的 损失率与赔付率、赔案出险原因以及保险险种的赔案出险原因等进行分析、研究的基础上提出了今后的防灾减灾重点。 相似文献
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Disaster Management in the Caribbean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jean Luc Poncelet 《Disasters》1997,21(3):267-279
This paper identifies the main trends in approaches to disaster management in the Caribbean at both regional and national levels over the past 20 years. It highlights the main reasons why and how the region has moved from an ad hoc response to an organised approach. Finally, it suggests ways in which future regional and national disaster management could be improved. 相似文献
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Barry J. Barnett 《Disasters》1999,23(2):139-155
Governments often provide grants or low-interest loans to disaster victims. Yet these programmes have proven to be quite costly. In addition, questions have been raised about associated behavioural incentives. Conceptually, government disaster insurance programmes should be more efficient, consistent and equitable than ex post facto disaster relief in the form of grants and loans. Yet the performance of government disaster insurance programmes has been mixed, at best. This article reviews the history of US federal natural disaster assistance to individuals and concludes with a recommendation for a new government role in the provision of disaster insurance. 相似文献
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An assessment of Disaster Risk and its Management in Thailand 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Gary Shook 《Disasters》1997,21(1):77-88
Historically, Thailand has been a disaster-free country, suffering only minor losses from natural hazards through the years. Emerging as a newly industrialised nation, the kingdom now faces an increased risk of economic and public damage from man-made disasters associated with rapid development. A risk assessment was carried out on the level of disaster management. That assessment was preceded by an analysis of the traditional definitions of disaster risk, resulting in a redefinition to fit the needs of this study. This holds that the risk of disaster is the product of hazards, vulnerability and the level of management exercised over both the hazard and the vulnerable elements.
The results of the risk assessment, conducted through analysis of those three components, are discussed along with impediments which may hinder good disaster or accident management. Floods, in both natural and man-made manifestations, were identified as the highest risk factor, followed by major accidents and explosions, both man-made hazards. Major recommendations arising from the study included the consolidation of disaster management responsibilities currently held by several agencies into a central co-ordinating committee, the review and restructure of related law and regulations, the conduct of provincial and country-wide hazard assessments and the creation of a 'culture of safety' in Thailand 相似文献
The results of the risk assessment, conducted through analysis of those three components, are discussed along with impediments which may hinder good disaster or accident management. Floods, in both natural and man-made manifestations, were identified as the highest risk factor, followed by major accidents and explosions, both man-made hazards. Major recommendations arising from the study included the consolidation of disaster management responsibilities currently held by several agencies into a central co-ordinating committee, the review and restructure of related law and regulations, the conduct of provincial and country-wide hazard assessments and the creation of a 'culture of safety' in Thailand 相似文献
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首先分析了社区中比较重要和常见的几种自然灾害和部分人为事故及其成因,并对社区灾害特点作了说明,然后对上海市社区灾害管理中存在的问题进行了阐述,并指出了当前迫切需要解决的问题。 相似文献
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广东省台风灾害特点及减灾对策 总被引:12,自引:5,他引:12
根据《台风年鉴》等台风资料,分析了广东省台风灾害的特点,讨论了台风灾害对广东省经济,社会及生态环境的影响,并针对广东省台风灾害的特点提出了减轻台风灾害的对策。 相似文献
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可视化灾害数字仿真重构理论研究,不仅可以实现对灾害空间数据进行有效的集成管理和时空分析,而且为灾害的防治、应急管理和工程论证等提供可靠的依据,是解决灾害实验的危险性和不可重复性的最佳途径。本文提出灾害数字仿真模型建立的原则和步骤,抓住灾害数字仿真的核心共性问题,构建灾害数字仿真模型组:构建灾害危险性分析指标体系,运用非确定性概率方法,建立灾害危险性分析概率模型;首次建立灾害波及范围模型,提出灾害波及范围的仿真流程,提出灾害波及范围理论值与实测值之间对比修正思路;研究了灾害损失形成机制,建立了灾害损失预测模型的框架与数值表达。 相似文献
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在中国,由民政部门提供救灾专项资金是救灾的一项重要手段。民政救灾资金的实际支出与当年自然灾害的多寡、灾情的严重程度相关,进行当年预算时往往难以确定其具体额度。以1985-2009年全国救灾数据和灾情数据为基础,对除民政救灾储备与冬令春荒救助资金以外的历年救灾支出进行了统计建模,估计了在2009年的人口基数与社会经济发展水平下的年度民政救灾数量需求(实物单位)。通过设置不同的救灾标准情景,模拟了不同情景下中国民政救灾资金年度总需求。结果表明,在不同标准下,年度民政救灾资金的平均需求为157.9~477.1亿元。本研究估计的结果可为民政和财政部门制定有关预算提供参考。 相似文献
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据资料显示,我国城市化率目前已达到30.4%,其中70%以上的大城市、半数以上人口分布在洪涝灾害和地震灾害严重的地带,而我国城市灾害应急防灾能力却十分脆弱。因此,加强城市灾害预防与应急管理,是构建和谐社会的一项重要任务。 相似文献
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我国灾害现代管理模式的构想 总被引:9,自引:8,他引:9
分析了世界多个国家的灾害应急管理模式、特点,讨论了我国灾害管理模式的现状及存在的问题,从立法、机构设置、应急机制和体系建设等方面提出了建设我国灾害现代应急管理模式的构想. 相似文献
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通过对我国地震应急组织体系及财政应对地震类灾害的流程分析,结合国外应对地震类突发事件的成功经验,分析了我国公共财政应对过程中存在的不足,最后建立了5个应对地震类突发事件的财政应急机制,分别是公共财政日常运行机制、震前预警防范机制、震时响应机制、震后恢复重建机制和财政监督检查机制。 相似文献
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社区灾害风险管理现状与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
加强社区灾害风险管理是当前国际减灾的主要趋势之一。经验表明,社区灾害风险管理是治理和减少风险并确保可持续发展的有效手段。在分析国内外社区灾害风险管理成效基础上,指出我国社区灾害风险管理还存在总体发展不平衡、社会化参与程度不高、综合减灾协调机制不完善、防灾规划和应急预案针对性不强、防灾减灾宣传教育力度和减灾资源整合力度不够等问题。在全球化背景下,与日俱增的各种灾害风险对社区减灾提出了更高的要求,建议从以下几方面加强我国社区灾害管理工作:促进社区灾害管理立法,建立社会参与的长效激励机制,健全参与式社区减灾机制,加强社区防灾减灾综合能力建设,加强灾害资源化利用,并注重多方共同参与的社区灾害风险管理模式的研究。 相似文献