大连海域大气气溶胶特性分析

本文分析和讨论了１９９４、１９９５两年在大连石槽海洋大气观测站所监测的大气气溶胶及气溶胶中元素和离子的浓度，富集程度，相互关系等物理，化学特征，还讨论了天气及某些气象要素对报溶胶浓度分布特征的影响，对气溶胶的来源也作了简要探讨。     

大连海域大气气溶胶特征分析

本文分析和讨论了１９９４、１９９５两年在大连石槽海洋大气观测站所监测的大气气溶胶及气溶胶中元素和离子的浓度、富集程度、相互关系等物理、化学特征，还讨论了天气及某些气象要素对气溶胶浓度分布特征的影响，对气溶胶的来源也作了简要探讨。     

大气气溶胶物质来源研究进展

大气气溶胶物质来源研究是在气污染研究极为重要的内容，它对污染物质的追踪评价具有较大的意义，本文较为系统地讨论了大气气溶胶物质来源研究的现状，从气溶胶的特征上分别论述气溶胶物质来源的矿物学（颗粒），无机化学和有机化学研究的进展。     

黄海海域大气气溶胶特征及重金属的大气输入量研究

分别于１９９５、１９９６两年的春，夏两季在黄海千里岩采集６６个大气气溶胶样品，测定了１６种金属元素的浓度，讨论了其浓度的变化及其来源，并初步估算了大气气溶胶中这些重金属在黄海海域的沉降通量。结果表明，黄海海域大气气溶胶中大多数元素有明显的季节变化，春季的浓度大于夏季，这与大气颗粒物的浓度是一致的；黄海海域大气尘土的年沉降量为（６０－９００）＊１０＾１０ｇ／ａ，占该海域河流每年的泥沙总输入量的４％－     

大连南部海域的环境管理

文章论述了南部海域环境污染状况及环境管理现状，从四个方面提出了环境管理措施，可为政府进一步持续发开发南部海域，防治黄，勃海污染提供参考。     

大气气溶胶粒子质量浓分布规律研究

在可吸入性颗粒物粒径范围内上海市区大气中气溶胶粒子质量浓度分布为双峰型，峰值出现在１．０μｍ左右和４．５μｍ左右，且呈现大粒径处峰值大于小粒径处峰值的趋势。与质量浓度分布曲线相似，质量概率密度分布也峰型，峰值出现在０．８μｍ左右和４．０μｍ左右。模拟结果表明，上海市区大气中气溶胶粒子质量概率密度分布规律符合双重分布函数     

冬季中国东海大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的组成与来源分析

运用离子色谱对2009年冬季中国东海大气气溶胶中水溶性离子Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、CH3SO3-（MSA）、Na＋、K＋、NH 4＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋进行了测定,同时由SPSS（statistical package for social sciences）软件进行相关性分析探讨其来源.分析结果表明,气溶胶中二...     

凤凰山大气气溶胶酸度与酸化缓冲能力的分析

为了掌握大气气溶胶与酸性降水的关系，分析和研究了凤凰山可吸入颗料物（ＰＭ１０）的酸度，并利用微量酸碱滴定的方法测定了其酸化缓冲能力。结果表明大气气溶胶具有一定的酸度，同时对酸化的缓冲能力非常低，甚至可以促进降水的酸化，这种污染特征也是凤凰山及其周围地区发生在酸性降水的重要原因之一。     

乌鲁木齐大气气溶胶的光学特性分析

根据CE318自动跟踪太阳光度计于2002年4月23日～2003年3月15日在乌鲁木齐地区进行观测取得的资料,反演得出气溶胶光学厚度、Angstrom大气浑浊度系数β和波长指数α.分析表明,气溶胶光学厚度随波长增加而降低;其日变化在春夏季起伏波动多,而冬季日变幅最大;全年气溶胶光学厚度在7月最小,3月最大,与3种主要污染物PM10、SO2和NO2浓度的月分布不尽相同;波长指数α表明春季风沙天气导致了气溶胶颗粒物半径增大,而Angstrom大气浑浊度系数β反映了夏季大气比较洁净,冬季气溶胶数量多,3月为整层大气污染最严重时期.     

南半球海洋大气气溶胶单颗粒的理化特性分析

运用透射电子显微镜-X射线能谱技术分析了中国第29次南极科考期间采集的大气气溶胶单颗粒样品,获得颗粒物的形貌特征、混合状态、成分组成及数量分布等信息.结果表明,航渡区域海洋上空的颗粒物主要表现为4类:海盐颗粒、矿物颗粒、富硫颗粒和含碳颗粒,其中海盐颗粒占主导,本研究将海盐颗粒又分为新鲜、部分老化及完全老化的海盐颗粒.部分和完全老化的海盐颗粒占海盐颗粒总数的86%,且部分老化的海盐颗粒表面及完全老化的海盐颗粒以长条状Na2SO4成分为主.同时,发现两处采样点(印度洋中东部和南极内陆)的样品中富硫颗粒较多,根据后向气团轨迹判断这些富硫颗粒主要来源于海洋地区,推测是由海洋表面浮游生物释放的二甲基硫(dimethyl sulfide,DMS)经过大气氧化形成.本研究表明,南半球海洋大气中海盐颗粒老化是由海洋表面释放的DMS控制,这不同于北半球海洋大气中人为源影响的海盐颗粒老化现象.     

青岛沿海大气气溶胶中海盐源的贡献

重点研究青岛沿海地区大气气溶胶的海盐来源 .在 Na主要来自于海盐 ,Cl存在亏损的情况下 ,为确定大气气溶胶中的海盐源贡献率 ,将 Na和 Cl作为海盐源参比元素计算得到的海盐源贡献率分别作为上限和下限 ,得出青岛沿海地区大气气溶胶中海盐源的年均质量浓度贡献率大致为 6.3%～ 9.7%.海盐源对气溶胶的贡献随气溶胶粒径增大而增加 .青岛沿海大气气溶胶氯亏损在 36.2 %～ 65.9%范围内 ,是大气中气态无机氯的来源之一 .     

Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm were measured on board by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer(SPAMS). The average hourly particle number(PN)was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea(SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea(NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea(BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm(ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt,and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN,respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflow on marine environment. Variation of source types depended mainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm were measured on board by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). The average hourly particle number (PN) was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea (SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea (NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea (BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt, and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN, respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflow on marine environment. Variation of source types depended mainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm weremeasured onboardby a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). The average hourly particle number (PN) was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea (SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea (NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea (BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt, and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN, respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflowonmarine environment. Variation of source types dependedmainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

海洋气溶胶对沿海地区降水组成的贡献

以青岛地区为对象，对沿海地区大气气溶海洋因子对降水组成的贡献，进行了研究分析。结果表明，１）夏季受海洋影响要比冬季明显得多；（２）降水中主要的碱性物质，不论是夏季或冬季，９９％来自大陆气溶胶，海洋的影响可忽略；（３）海洋影响的程度和离海边的距离有关，离海愈远，受海洋影响就愈小，离海愈近，受其影响就愈大。     

白令海峡及其附近海域气溶胶中金属元素含量特征

北极考察沿线气溶胶中金属元素质量浓度随纬度变化,其分别受到来自中国大陆粉尘及中国、日本、韩国、俄罗斯以及北美地区工业排放气溶胶的不同程度的影响.富集因子的计算结果表明,楚科奇海、日本海和白令海等海域元素的富集因子很接近. Fe,Co,Ni,As,Sb,W,Mo ,Mn和Ca与地表的风化关系密切,为地壳源元素;Ca,Mg总体为海洋源元素,主要来自海洋;Pb,Zn,Cd,V 和Cr相对地壳和海洋均为富集元素,主要可能来自矿产冶炼、工业排放、燃煤和燃油等人为污染源.北极楚科奇海、白令海、日本海、西太平洋、东印度洋、南大洋及我国中山站邻近海域海洋气溶胶中的微量重金属质量浓度均值对比表明,西太平洋气溶胶中的各种金属元素的平均质量浓度均远远高于其他地区.总体上看,北半球气溶胶受陆源性物质和人为污染源影响比南半球严重,其中楚科奇海较日本海和白令海严重,南半球气溶胶质量浓度则依纬度的升高而逐渐降低.气溶胶月总沉降通量具有明显的区域性,其大小排序为:西太平洋>楚科奇海>白令海和日本海>东印度洋>南大洋>中山站邻近海域.      

大连市酸雨的变化趋势及来源简析

“十一五”期间大连市的酸雨污染呈波动趋势,2009年的酸雨污染最为严重,酸雨频率达到40．3％,pH均值4．84,属于中酸雨污染。大连市酸雨的来源受外来地区输送的影响较大,大连市本地源排放对硫和氮的湿沉降的贡献仅在10—20％之间;外来源中,山东排放的贡献占30～40％,辽宁其他区域的贡献10％左右,同时日本、朝鲜和韩...     

无火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋气溶胶中铜,铅,镉

介绍了用高流量大气采样器和瓦特曼滤膜采集样品，以硝酸－高氯酸消化，无火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋气溶胶中铜、铅、镉。对高流量大气采样流量校准、滤膜选用，仪器测试条件及消化方法进行试验和讨论。本方法检测限分别为铜１．８ｎｇ／ｍ３、铅１．４ｎｇ／ｍ３、镉０．７ｎｇ／ｍ３，变异系数分别为铜９．６％、铅８．９％、镉１８．０％。