Effect of lead on survival, locomotion and sperm morphology of Asian earthworm, Pheretima guillelmi

To provide basic toxicity data for formulating risk characterization benchmarks, the effects of lead on survival, locomotion, and sperm morphology were investigated in the Asian earthworm Pheretima guillelmi. The LC50 of P. guillelmi for 7 and 14 d were 4285±339 mg/kg and 3207±248 mg/kg, which shows P. guillelmi can tolerate a higher concentration of lead nitrate. The average weight of the surviving earthworms decreased at concentration of 2800 mg Pb/kg soil, and the locomotor ability of earthworms exposed ...     

酰胺类除草剂与四种杀虫剂对蚯蚓的联合毒性

采用滤纸接触法测定了2种酰胺类除草剂和4种常用杀虫剂及其混剂对赤子爱胜蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)的室内毒性,并用毒性单位法评价混剂的联合毒性效应.结果表明,6种农药对赤子爱胜蚯蚓的毒性依次为阿维菌素＞克百威＞毒死蜱＞三唑磷＞乙草胺＞丁草胺,96h致死中浓度分别为0.800,3.481,8.213,10463,12.580,29.910μg/cm2;乙草胺分别与克百威和三唑磷按毒性单位11和14混用,使克百威的蚯蚓毒性分别增强9.5和4.5倍,三唑磷的蚯蚓毒性分别增强5.5和4.4倍,丁草胺与三唑磷按毒性单位11和14混用,使三唑磷的蚯蚓毒性分别增强6.7和4.8倍.其他混用组合未见明显的增毒作用.     

蚯蚓生物滤池处理剩余污泥的效果

以上海市某污水厂剩余污泥为研究对象,对未投加蚯蚓的生物滤池(CBF)和投加蚯蚓的生物滤池(EBF)处理城市剩余污泥的效果进行了比较. 结果表明, EBF 的悬浮固体浓度(SS)减量率、挥发性悬浮固体浓度(VSS)减量率分别可达49.5%~55.6%和60.0%~63.2%,比CBF 分别提高了14.4%~21.7%和22.3%~26.4%. EBF 的出泥VSS/SS,污泥的沉降性比(SVI), 污泥比阻(SRF)分别由原泥的64.8%, 103.4mL/g,5.19×1011m/kg 降至51.8%, 38.4mL/g, 2.00×1011m/kg,而CBF 的出泥VSS/SS、SVI、SRF 则分别为61.0%, 51.8mL/g, 4.12×1011m/kg. 通过蚯蚓－微生物协同作用可以显著提高剩余污泥的减量化和稳定化效果,还能较好地优化污泥的沉降性能、脱水性能.     

蚯蚓对菇渣中纤维素和木质素生物转化的研究

为了探索农业废弃香菇菇渣"减量化、无害化、资源化"循环化利用的有效途径.本实验按照不同碳氮比设置菇渣混合基质,接种蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)对其进行生物转化.实验培养56 d,每14 d取样,分别测定了总氮、总有机碳、木质素和纤维素含量,脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶活性变化情况,以及菇渣生物转化前后的结构变化情况(扫描电子显微镜SEM)和生物转化产物浸提液的发芽率等指标.结果显示:在蚯蚓生物转化过程中,各处理组总氮、总有机碳和木质纤维素含量与处理前相比均有不同程度的降低,其中,碳氮比为25的处理组纤维素和木质素的降解率最高,分别为50.06%和77.01%;各个处理组中脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶活性呈不同程度的变化趋势,其中,碳氮比为25的处理组纤维素酶活性增加最多,增加了81.25%;扫描电镜结果显示,蚯蚓生物转化可以将菌渣碎片化;另外,蚯蚓堆肥产物浸提液可以提高黑麦草发芽率.综上,推测碳氮比为25的蚯蚓生物转化体系更有利于菇渣基质处理.     

超声波对污泥蚯蚓堆肥有机质和重金属的影响

联合超声波破解技术、好氧堆肥技术及蚯蚓处理技术,对污水处理厂剩余污泥进行处理,探讨超声波预处理对污泥蚯蚓堆肥有机质降解和重金属的影响.结果表明：超声波预处理技术对污泥腐殖化程度表现出协同效应,最优TOC反应动力学常数为0.0084d-1,是对照组的2.1倍;胡敏酸和HA/FA平均增长率分别为97.4%和191.5%,是对照组的1.26倍和1.37倍;可轻度减少污泥堆体重金属含量,同时对蚯蚓处理阶段重金属富集存在缓减效应,但对各阶段重金属形态影响不显著;蚯蚓处理可明显降低重金属生物有效性,至处理结束Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cd、Cr、Hg、As非稳定态平均占比较好氧堆肥结束时下降28.3%、29.5%、29.1%、35.2%、3.3%、25.3%、36.4%、21.9%.     

Enantioseletive bioaccumulation of tebuconazole in earthworm Eisenia fetida

Methods of extraction and determination of tebuconazole enantiomers in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were developed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both CE and HPLC have excellent resolution and recovery. The linearity ranges were 2.9-102.4 mg/kg and 3.0-99.6 mg/kg for (+)-R-tebuconazole and (-)-S-tebuconazole respectively in CE, and from 0.56 to 1000 mg/kg for both enantiomers in HPLC. Enantioselective bioaccumulation in earthworms from soil was investigated under laboratory condition at concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/kg dw in soil. The uptake kinetics of (+)-R-tebuconazole fitted the first-order kinetics well with r² 0.97 and 0.94 under 10 and 50 mg/kg dw exposure condition, respectively, while (-)-S-tebuconazole with r² 0.75 and 0.22 did not show the same. Bioaccumulation of tebuconazole in earthworm tissues was enantioselective with a preferential accumulation of (+)-R-tebuconazole. The (+)-R-tebuconazole might also have biomagnifying effect potential in earthworm food chain with biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of 1.64 kg OC/kg lip in 10 mg/kg dw exposure group and 2.61 kg OC/kg lip in 50 mg/kg dw exposure group from soil to earthworm after 36 days. Although (-)-S-tebuconazole shares the same physicochemical properties with (+)-R-tebuconazole, it did not biomagnify. BSAFs of (-)-S-tebuconazole were 0.50 kg OC/kg lip (10 mg/kg dw tebuconazole exposure) and 0.28 kg OC/kg lip (50 mg/kg dw tebuconazole exposure) after 36 days, which was possibly owing to biotransformation or metabolism in earthworm tissues.     

Compensation of vestibular lesions in relation to development

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