Identification of organic acids in the leaves of bryophyllum calycinum by paper chromatography

The Science of Nature -     

利用凝胶层析分离测定胶体态铝和溶解态铝的研究

利用凝胶层析柱分别对高浓度(5.4g·L-1)和低浓度(0.27mg·L-1)的聚合氯化铝溶液和氯化铝溶液进行了层析分离,测定了洗脱流出液的电导率和pH值,并采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色分析了洗脱流出液中的铝形态分布.结果表明,高浓度和低浓度铝水样中的胶体态铝和溶解态铝浓度均可采用凝胶层析法进行分离测定.利用凝胶层析装置对2.5mL铝水样以1mL·min-1的速度进行洗脱,40～60mL间的洗脱流出液即为胶体态铝,剩余部分为溶解态铝.     

脂肪酸类物质的抑藻效应及其构效关系

研究了17种脂肪酸对产毒铜绿微囊藻、蛋白核小球藻以及斜生栅藻的抑制效应,比较了脂肪酸抑藻的构效关系.结果表明,17种脂肪酸单独作用对研究的3种藻均有一定的抑制作用,但对产毒铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用最强.脂肪酸类物质抑藻效应与其化学结构密切相关,脂肪酸不饱和程度越高抑制作用越佳,碳链越短抑藻效果越好,奇数碳脂肪酸的抑藻效果好于偶数碳脂肪酸.多种脂肪酸联合抑藻具有协同抑制作用.     

A comparative study of biopolymers and alum in the separation and recovery of pulp fibres from paper mill effluent by flocculation

Recovery of cellulose fibres from paper mill effluent has been studied using common polysacchatides or biopolymers such as Guar gum, Xanthan gum and Locust bean gum as flocculent. Guar gum is commonly used in sizing paper and routinely used in paper making. The results have been compared with the performance of alum, which is a common coagulant and a key ingredient of the paper industry. Guar gum recovered about 3.86 mg/L of fibre and was most effective among the biopolyrners. Settling velocity distribution curves demonstrated that Guar gum was able to settle the fibres faster than the other biopolymers; however, alum displayed the highest particle removal rate than all the biopolymers at any of the settling velocities. Alum, Guar gum, Xanthan gum and Locust bean gum removed 97.46%, 94.68%, 92.39% and 92.46% turbidity of raw effluent at a settling velocity of 0.5 cm/min, respectively. The conditions for obtaining the lowest sludge volume index such as pH, dose and mixing speed were optimised for guar gum which was the most effective among the biopolymers. Response surface methodology was used to design all experiments, and an optimum operational setting was proposed. The test results indicate similar performance of alum and Guar gum in terms of fioc settling velocities and sludge volume index. Since Guar gum is a plant derived natural substance, it is environmentally benign and offers a green treatment option to the paper mills for pulp recycling.     

五种海洋微藻脂肪酸存在形式的初步研究

对五种海洋微藻的脂类组成进行了测定,微藻在确定的条件下生长,分别于指数生长前期和稳定期收获,采用超声波萃取法提取脂肪酸,应用GC及GC-MS技术进行定量和定性分析。结果表明,在两个时期取得的同种藻体中,各主要脂类化合物的量存在明显变化。由此可以看出,实验藻体中多数脂肪酸都参与组成储能物质;多不饱和脂肪酸主要是以储能物质形式存在,在细胞膜中存在较少。