C8-SBA-15新型介孔涂层SPME-HPLC联用测定水样中的芘

以辛基键合SBA- 15为固相微萃取(SPME)的吸附涂层,考察了吸附和解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率对SPME效率的影响.该方法的线性范围为3.0-320μg/L,检出限为0.5μg/L,依据此方法测定了环境水样中芘,具有灵敏度高和精密度好的特点.     

搅拌棒吸附萃取技术在环境样品分析中的应用

搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)是继固相微萃取(SPME)之后的又一种无溶剂的用于痕量有机物分离和浓缩的技术,其萃取涂层体积大,具有灵敏度高、检出限低、重现性好、不使用有机溶剂等优点。适用于环境样品中挥发性及半挥发性有机物的痕量分析。本文综述了SBSE在环境样品分析中的应用,以及该技术的应用展望。     

介孔涂层SPME- HPLC联用测定水样中的多环芳烃

以辛基键合SBA- 15为固相微萃取(SPME)的吸附涂层,考察了吸附和解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率对SPME效率的影响,该方法的线性范围分别为0.4-300μg/L、4.0-450μg/L,检出限为0.3μg/L、0.10μg/L,以此方法测定了环境水样中萘、蒽的含量.该方法具有灵敏度高和精密度好的特点.     

C_8-SBA-15新型介孔涂层SPME-HPLC联用测定水样中的芘

以辛基键合SBA-15为固相微萃取（SPME）的吸附涂层,考察了吸附和解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率对SPME效率的影响。该方法的线性范围为3.0—320μg/L,检出限为0.5μg/L,依据此方法测定了环境水样中芘,具有灵敏度高和精密度好的特点。     

水中阿特拉津及代谢物前处理和快速检测技术研究进展

查阅了近10年来针对环境样品中阿特拉津及代谢物检测的相关文献,综述了目前水中阿特拉津液液萃取、固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁固相萃取、固相微萃取、直接进样等前处理技术,并就各种前处理方法的优缺点、适用水样类型及检测范围进行了介绍,并关注了基于免疫学、生物学、电化学、光学等为基础的快速检测方法的主要优缺点及应用现状,同时对水中阿特拉津及代谢物前处理及快速检测技术发展重点关注方向进行了展望。     

碳纳米管在环境样品前处理中的研究现状及应用进展

纳米碳管是一种新型的纳米材料,其独特的分子结构和性能引起了人们的广泛关注。本文重点评述了纳米碳管在环境样品前处理特别是在固相萃取和固相微萃取方面的研究现状与应用进展,并对纳米碳管的应用前景进行了展望。     

固相微萃取/气相色谱质谱法测定水中松节油

固相微萃取是一种操作简便、分析快速、无溶剂参与的样品前处理技术。通过采用固相微萃取富集水中的松节油,气相色谱质谱法分析,整个过程只需要25 min。该方法检出限为0.02 mg/L,样品加标回收率为90.0%～130%,相对标准偏差为3.49%～14.6%,完全能够满足日常环境管理需要。     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中的吡啶

用固相微萃取富集水中吡啶,毛细管气相色谱分离分析。通过试验确定了固相微萃取的分析参数。方法的检出限可达0.001mg/L,标准曲线相关系数0.9990,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.9%~3.1%（n=5）,平均加标回收率在92.4%~104%,已用于饮用水及地表水水中吡啶的测定。     

有机污染物应急监测的样品前处理技术

样品前处理是有机污染物应急监测中的重要环节。介绍了热分离进样杆、分散液液微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、固相微萃取等适合于有机污染物应急监测的样品前处理技术,并概述了它们在环境分析领域的应用进展。如何将这些前处理技术与自身拥有的应急监测设备有效结合是环境监测技术人员亟待解决的问题。     

现代分离技术在环境分析中的应用

对样品进行预处理分离的主要目的是:①浓缩痕量污染物,降低最小检测浓度;②除去干扰物,提高测定的精确度和灵敏度;③通过化学衍生,提高被测物的灵敏度和选择性;④消除对分析系统有害的物质,使仪器保持良好稳定的运行状况。文章综合论述了固相萃取技术、固相微萃取技术、膜萃取技术、超临界流体萃取技术、毛细管电泳技术、加速溶剂萃取技术和微波萃取技术等现代分离技术在大庆油田环境分析中的应用现状以及分离技术的发展前景。     

Simultaneous chemical and sensory characterization of volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from swine manure using solid phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry

Swine manure is associated with emissions of odor, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases that can affect air quality on local and regional scales. In this research, a solid phase microextraction (SPME) and novel multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (MDGC-MS-O) system were used to simultaneously identify VOCs and related odors emitted from swine manure. Gas samples were extracted from manure headspace using Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 85-microm SPME fibers. The MDGC-MS-O system was equipped with two columns in series with a system of valves allowing transfer of samples between columns (heartcutting). The heartcuts were used to maximize the isolation, separation, and identification of compounds. The odor impact of separated compounds was evaluated by a trained panelist for character and intensity. A total of 295 compounds with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 260 were identified. Seventy one compounds had a distinct odor. Nearly 68% of the compounds for which reaction rates with OH* radicals are known had an estimated atmospheric lifetime <24 h.     

Occurrence and bioavailability of pyrethroids in a mixed land use watershed

The shift in land use patterns within many urban areas has the potential to influence the magnitude and nature of nonpoint-source pollution. The presence of pyrethroid insecticides in urban surface streams is of particular concern due to the broad spectrum toxicity of pyrethroids to aquatic organisms and the widespread use of pyrethroid products for agricultural and urban pest control. Sediment samples were collected throughout a mixed land use watershed in southern California during two sampling periods and analyzed for a suite of pyrethroids. Bifenthrin and fenpropathrin were found most frequently in the sediment samples, with the highest concentrations associated with sites adjacent to large commercial nurseries. Sediments from residential areas or residential-commercial mixed areas had fewer detections and significantly lower concentrations than the nursery runoff sediments. No apparent difference was found between wet and dry season concentrations, which may be attributed to the fact that the lack of flow under dry weather conditions rendered pyrethroid residues immobile. Organic carbon-normalized sediment concentrations were poorly correlated with the freely dissolved pore water concentrations measured by solid phase microextraction (SPME), suggesting factors other than sediment organic carbon content should be considered when relating concentrations to potential toxicities.     

Evaluation of zeolite for control of odorants emissions from simulated poultry manure storage

Poultry operations are associated with emissions of aerial ammonia (NH3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and odor, and the magnitude of emissions is influenced by manure management practices. As a manure treatment additive, zeolites have been shown to have the potential to control NH3. Because of their properties it is also expected that zeolites could effectively adsorb VOCs and odor. The effectiveness of zeolite in controlling odor and VOCs was qualitatively evaluated in this controlled laboratory study involving simulated poultry manure storage. In the first two trials, zeolite was topically applied on nearly fresh laying hen manure at the rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% (by weight). In the third trial, zeolite was topically applied at 5% with each addition of fresh manure into the storage vessel. Headspace samples from the emission vessels were collected with solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed on a multidimensional-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (MDGC-MS-O) system for identification and prioritization of poultry manure odorants. Acetic acid, butanoic acid, isovaleric acid, indole, and skatole were consistently controlled in the headspace, with the reduction rate being proportional to the zeolite application rate. Dimethyl trisulfide and phenol were consistently generated, and with a few exceptions, the rate of generation was proportional to the application rate. Average reduction of the odor caused by all odorants evaluated with SPME-GC-O was 67% (+/-12%) and 51% (+/-26%) for the two topical applications, respectively, while no significant reduction of VOCs and odor was detected for the layered application.     

轮毂行业涂装车间环境污染与防治

轮毂行业快速增长的同时,涂装车间作业排放的废气、废水、废渣、噪声,对环境造成了严重的污染。分析了轮毂行业涂装车间的环境污染状况,包括污染物的来源和种类,指出采用低污染材料、先进的生产设备,并优化生产工艺,是解决涂装“三废”问题的有效途径。     

环境中多氯联苯（PCBs）的分析方法研究

探讨了环境中多氯联苯（PCBs）来源特性和分析检测方法。讨论了目前较为常用的样品前处理方法,如溶剂萃取法、固相萃取法、固相微萃取法等,常见的检测方法包括化学分析法和生物分析法,并对PCBs分析检测的发展前景进行了展望。     

Theoretical comparison of how soil processes affect uptake of metals by diffusive gradients in thinfilms and plants

The theoretical basis for using measurements of metal uptake by the technique of diffusive gradients in thinfilms (DGT) to mimic processes in soils that affect uptake of metals by plants is examined. The uptake of metals by plants and DGT were compared conceptually and quantitatively by using the classic Barber model of plant uptake and the DIFS (DGT-induced fluxes in soils) model of uptake by DGT. For most metals and plants considered, uptake fluxes were similar to those induced by DGT using the most common gel layer thicknesses of 0.2 to 2 mm. Consequently DGT perturbs the chemical equilibrium of metals in the soil solution and between soil solution and solid phase, to a similar extent to plants, and therefore induces a similar balance in supply by diffusion and by release from the solid phase. DIFS was used to show that desorption kinetics, which are not considered by the plant uptake model, are likely important for uptake when the capacity of the soil solid phase is large. Model calculations showed that mass flow into a plant root would only contribute appreciably to the total flux of metal under circumstances when the solid phase reservoir of metal was very low. Generally, however, DGT is likely to emulate supply processes from the soil that govern uptake of metal by plants. Exceptions are likely to be found in poorly buffered soils (typically sandy and/or low pH), and at very high concentrations of metals in soil solution, such that the soil solution concentration at the plant root interface is higher than the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km).